Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-303-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-303-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Feb 2013
Research article |
| 20 Feb 2013
A synthesis of the Antarctic surface mass balance during the last 800 yr
M. Frezzotti
ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo sostenibile, Rome, Italy
C. Scarchilli
ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo sostenibile, Rome, Italy
S. Becagli
Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto F.no, Italy
M. Proposito
ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo sostenibile, Rome, Italy
S. Urbini
INGV, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia,, Rome, Italy
Related subject area
Antarctic
Feedback mechanisms controlling Antarctic glacial-cycle dynamics simulated with a coupled ice sheet–solid Earth model
Employing automated electrical resistivity tomography for detecting short- and long-term changes in permafrost and active-layer dynamics in the maritime Antarctic
The effect of ice shelf rheology on shelf edge bending
Hysteresis of idealized, instability-prone outlet glaciers in response to pinning-point buttressing variation
A decade (2008–2017) of water stable isotope composition of precipitation at Concordia Station, East Antarctica
The role of atmospheric conditions in the Antarctic sea ice extent summer minima
A physics-based Antarctic melt detection technique: combining Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2, radiative-transfer modeling, and firn modeling
Brief communication: Precision measurement of the index of refraction of deep glacial ice at radio frequencies at Summit Station, Greenland
Widespread increase in discharge from west Antarctic Peninsula glaciers since 2018
Surface dynamics and history of the calving cycle of Astrolabe Glacier (Adélie Coast, Antarctica) derived from satellite imagery
Weak relationship between remotely detected crevasses and inferred ice rheological parameters on Antarctic ice shelves
Extensive palaeo-surfaces beneath the Evans–Rutford region of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet control modern and past ice flow
Sources of low-frequency variability in observed Antarctic sea ice
Towards the systematic reconnaissance of seismic signals from glaciers and ice sheets – Part 1: Event detection for cryoseismology
Towards the systematic reconnaissance of seismic signals from glaciers and ice sheets – Part 2: Unsupervised learning for source process characterization
Firn air content changes on Antarctic ice shelves under three future warming scenarios
Geometric amplification and suppression of ice-shelf basal melt in West Antarctica
Basal channels, ice thinning and grounding zone retreat at Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
Alpine topography of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, Antarctica, mapped from ice sheet surface morphology
Melt sensitivity of irreversible retreat of Pine Island Glacier
Impact of boundary conditions on the modeled thermal regime of the Antarctic ice sheet
The staggered retreat of grounded ice in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)
The effect of landfast sea ice buttressing on ice dynamic speedup in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica
Meteoric water and glacial melt in the southeastern Amundsen Sea: a time series from 1994 to 2020
Evaporative controls on Antarctic precipitation: an ECHAM6 model study using innovative water tracer diagnostics
Extreme events of snow grain size increase in East Antarctica and their relationship with meteorological conditions
Disentangling the drivers of future Antarctic ice loss with a historically calibrated ice-sheet model
Quantifying the Influence of Snow over Sea Ice Morphology on L-Band Microwave Satellite Observations in the Southern Ocean
Contribution of blowing snow sublimation to the surface mass balance of Antarctica
A contrast in sea ice drift and deformation between winter and spring of 2019 in the Antarctic marginal ice zone
Multidecadal variability and predictability of Antarctic sea ice in the GFDL SPEAR_LO model
Insights into the vulnerability of Antarctic glaciers from the ISMIP6 ice sheet model ensemble and associated uncertainty
Signature of the stratosphere–troposphere coupling on recent record-breaking Antarctic sea-ice anomalies
Local spatial variability in the occurrence of summer precipitation in the Sør Rondane Mountains, Antarctica
Evaluation of four calving laws for Antarctic ice shelves
Englacial architecture of Lambert Glacier, East Antarctica
Mass changes of the northern Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet derived from repeat bi-static synthetic aperture radar acquisitions for the period 2013–2017
The evolution of future Antarctic surface melt using PISM-dEBM-simple
Characteristics and rarity of the strong 1940s westerly wind event over the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica
The influence of present-day regional surface mass balance uncertainties on the future evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
How well can satellite altimetry and firn models resolve Antarctic firn thickness variations?
The long–term sea–level commitment from Antarctica
Sensitivity of the MAR regional climate model snowpack to the parameterization of the assimilation of satellite-derived wet-snow masks on the Antarctic Peninsula
Stratigraphic noise and its potential drivers across the plateau of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Modes of Antarctic tidal grounding line migration revealed by Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) laser altimetry
Evaluating the impact of enhanced horizontal resolution over the Antarctic domain using a variable-resolution Earth system model
Statistically parameterizing and evaluating a positive degree-day model to estimate surface melt in Antarctica from 1979 to 2022
Extensive and anomalous grounding line retreat at Vanderford Glacier, Vincennes Bay, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica
Widespread slowdown in thinning rates of West Antarctic ice shelves
Southern Ocean polynyas and dense water formation in a high-resolution, coupled Earth system model
Torsten Albrecht, Meike Bagge, and Volker Klemann
The Cryosphere, 18, 4233–4255, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4233-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4233-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We performed coupled ice sheet–solid Earth simulations and discovered a positive (forebulge) feedback mechanism for advancing grounding lines, supporting a larger West Antarctic Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. During deglaciation we found that the stabilizing glacial isostatic adjustment feedback dominates grounding-line retreat in the Ross Sea, with a weak Earth structure. This may have consequences for present and future ice sheet stability and potential rates of sea-level rise.
Mohammad Farzamian, Teddi Herring, Gonçalo Vieira, Miguel Angel de Pablo, Borhan Yaghoobi Tabar, and Christian Hauck
The Cryosphere, 18, 4197–4213, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An automated electrical resistivity tomography (A-ERT) system was developed and deployed in Antarctica to monitor permafrost and active-layer dynamics. The A-ERT, coupled with an efficient processing workflow, demonstrated its capability to monitor real-time thaw depth progression, detect seasonal and surficial freezing–thawing events, and assess permafrost stability. Our study showcased the potential of A-ERT to contribute to global permafrost monitoring networks.
W. Roger Buck
The Cryosphere, 18, 4165–4176, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Standard theory predicts that the edge of an ice shelf should bend downward. Satellite observations show that the edges of many ice shelves bend upward. A new theory for ice shelf bending is developed that, for the first time, includes the kind of vertical variations in ice flow properties expected for ice shelves. Upward bending of shelf edges is predicted as long as the ice surface is very cold and the ice flow properties depend strongly on temperature.
Johannes Feldmann, Anders Levermann, and Ricarda Winkelmann
The Cryosphere, 18, 4011–4028, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4011-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4011-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we show in simplified simulations that the (ir)reversibility of the retreat of instability-prone, Antarctica-type glaciers can strongly depend on the depth of the bed depression they rest on. If it is sufficiently deep, then the destabilized glacier does not recover from its collapsed state. Our results suggest that glaciers resting on a wide and deep bed depression, such as Antarctica's Thwaites Glacier, are particularly susceptible to irreversible retreat.
Giuliano Dreossi, Mauro Masiol, Barbara Stenni, Daniele Zannoni, Claudio Scarchilli, Virginia Ciardini, Mathieu Casado, Amaëlle Landais, Martin Werner, Alexandre Cauquoin, Giampietro Casasanta, Massimo Del Guasta, Vittoria Posocco, and Carlo Barbante
The Cryosphere, 18, 3911–3931, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes have been extensively used to reconstruct past temperatures, with precipitation representing the input signal of the isotopic records in ice cores. We present a 10-year record of stable isotopes in daily precipitation at Concordia Station: this is the longest record for inland Antarctica and represents a benchmark for quantifying post-depositional processes and improving the paleoclimate interpretation of ice cores.
Bianca Mezzina, Hugues Goosse, François Klein, Antoine Barthélemy, and François Massonnet
The Cryosphere, 18, 3825–3839, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3825-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3825-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze years with extraordinarily low sea ice extent in Antarctica during summer, until the striking record in 2022. We highlight common aspects among these events, such as the fact that the exceptional melting usually occurs in two key regions and that it is related to winds with a similar direction. We also investigate whether the summer conditions are preceded by an unusual state of the sea ice during the previous winter, as well as the physical processes involved.
Marissa E. Dattler, Brooke Medley, and C. Max Stevens
The Cryosphere, 18, 3613–3631, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an algorithm based on combining models and satellite observations to identify the presence of surface melt on the Antarctic Ice Sheet. We find that this method works similarly to previous methods by assessing 13 sites and the Larsen C ice shelf. Unlike previous methods, this algorithm is based on physical parameters, and updates to this method could allow the meltwater present on the Antarctic Ice Sheet to be quantified instead of simply detected.
Christoph Welling and The RNO-G Collaboration
The Cryosphere, 18, 3433–3437, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We report on the measurement of the index of refraction in glacial ice at radio frequencies. We show that radio echoes from within the ice can be associated with specific features of the ice conductivity and use this to determine the wave velocity. This measurement is especially relevant for the Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland (RNO-G), a neutrino detection experiment currently under construction at Summit Station, Greenland.
Benjamin J. Davison, Anna E. Hogg, Carlos Moffat, Michael P. Meredith, and Benjamin J. Wallis
The Cryosphere, 18, 3237–3251, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3237-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3237-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using a new dataset of ice motion, we observed glacier acceleration on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The speed-up began around January 2021, but some glaciers sped up earlier or later. Using a combination of ship-based ocean temperature observations and climate models, we show that the speed-up coincided with a period of unusually warm air and ocean temperatures in the region.
Floriane Provost, Dimitri Zigone, Emmanuel Le Meur, Jean-Philippe Malet, and Clément Hibert
The Cryosphere, 18, 3067–3079, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3067-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3067-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The recent calving of Astrolabe Glacier in November 2021 presents an opportunity to better understand the processes leading to ice fracturing. Optical-satellite imagery is used to retrieve the calving cycle of the glacier ice tongue and to measure the ice velocity and strain rates in order to document fracture evolution. We observed that the presence of sea ice for consecutive years has favoured the glacier extension but failed to inhibit the growth of fractures that accelerated in June 2021.
Cristina Gerli, Sebastian Rosier, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson, and Sainan Sun
The Cryosphere, 18, 2677–2689, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2677-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2677-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Recent efforts have focused on using AI and satellite imagery to track crevasses for assessing ice shelf damage and informing ice flow models. Our study reveals a weak connection between these observed products and damage maps inferred from ice flow models. While there is some improvement in crevasse-dense regions, this association remains limited. Directly mapping ice damage from satellite observations may not significantly improve the representation of these processes within ice flow models.
Charlotte M. Carter, Michael J. Bentley, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Guy J. G. Paxman, Tom A. Jordan, Julien A. Bodart, Neil Ross, and Felipe Napoleoni
The Cryosphere, 18, 2277–2296, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use radio-echo sounding data to investigate the presence of flat surfaces beneath the Evans–Rutford region in West Antarctica. These surfaces may be what remains of laterally continuous surfaces, formed before the inception of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and we assess two hypotheses for their formation. Tectonic structures in the region may have also had a control on the growth of the ice sheet by focusing ice flow into troughs adjoining these surfaces.
David B. Bonan, Jakob Dörr, Robert C. J. Wills, Andrew F. Thompson, and Marius Årthun
The Cryosphere, 18, 2141–2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2141-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2141-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic sea ice has exhibited variability over satellite records, including a period of gradual expansion and a period of sudden decline. We use a novel statistical method to identify sources of variability in observed Antarctic sea ice changes. We find that the gradual increase in sea ice is likely related to large-scale temperature trends, and periods of abrupt sea ice decline are related to specific flavors of equatorial tropical variability known as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
Rebecca B. Latto, Ross J. Turner, Anya M. Reading, and J. Paul Winberry
The Cryosphere, 18, 2061–2079, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2061-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2061-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study of icequakes allows for investigation of many glacier processes that are unseen by typical reconnaissance methods. However, detection of such seismic signals is challenging due to low signal-to-noise levels and diverse source mechanisms. Here we present a novel algorithm that is optimized to detect signals from a glacier environment. We apply the algorithm to seismic data recorded in the 2010–2011 austral summer from the Whillans Ice Stream and evaluate the resulting event catalogue.
Rebecca B. Latto, Ross J. Turner, Anya M. Reading, Sue Cook, Bernd Kulessa, and J. Paul Winberry
The Cryosphere, 18, 2081–2101, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2081-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2081-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic catalogues are potentially rich sources of information on glacier processes. In a companion study, we constructed an event catalogue for seismic data from the Whillans Ice Stream. Here, we provide a semi-automated workflow for consistent catalogue analysis using an unsupervised cluster analysis. We discuss the defining characteristics of identified signal types found in this catalogue and possible mechanisms for the underlying glacier processes and noise sources.
Sanne B. M. Veldhuijsen, Willem Jan van de Berg, Peter Kuipers Munneke, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
The Cryosphere, 18, 1983–1999, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1983-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1983-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use the IMAU firn densification model to simulate the 21st-century evolution of Antarctic firn air content. Ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula and the Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf in Dronning Maud Land are particularly vulnerable to total firn air content (FAC) depletion. Our results also underline the potentially large vulnerability of low-accumulation ice shelves to firn air depletion through ice slab formation.
Jan De Rydt and Kaitlin Naughten
The Cryosphere, 18, 1863–1888, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is losing ice at an accelerating pace. This is largely due to the presence of warm ocean water around the periphery of the Antarctic continent, which melts the ice. It is generally assumed that the strength of this process is controlled by the temperature of the ocean. However, in this study we show that an equally important role is played by the changing geometry of the ice sheet, which affects the strength of the ocean currents and thereby the melt rates.
Allison M. Chartrand, Ian M. Howat, Ian R. Joughin, and Benjamin E. Smith
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1132, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1132, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses high-resolution remote sensing data to show that shrinking of the West Antarctic Thwaites Glacier’s ice shelf (floating extension) is exacerbated by the presence of sub–ice shelf meltwater channels that form as the glacier transitions from full contact with the bed to fully floating. In mapping these channels, the position of the transition zone, and thinning rates of the Thwaites Glacier, this work elucidates important processes driving its rapid contribution to sea level rise.
Edmund J. Lea, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, and Michael J. Bentley
The Cryosphere, 18, 1733–1751, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use the ice surface expression of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in East Antarctica to map the horizontal pattern of valleys and ridges in finer detail than possible from previous methods. In upland areas, valleys are spaced much less than 5 km apart, with consequences for the distribution of melting at the bed and hence the likelihood of ancient ice being preserved. Automated mapping techniques were tested alongside manual approaches, with a hybrid approach recommended for future work.
Brad Reed, J. A. Mattias Green, Adrian Jenkins, and G. Hilmar Gudmundsson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-673, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-673, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a numerical ice-flow model to simulate the response of a 1940s Pine Island Glacier to changes in melting beneath its ice shelf. A decadal period of warm forcing is sufficient to push the glacier into an unstable, irreversible retreat from its long-term position on a subglacial ridge to an upstream ice plain. This retreat can only be stopped when unrealistic cold forcing is applied. These results show that short warm anomalies can lead to quick and substantial increases in ice flux.
In-Woo Park, Emilia Kyung Jin, Mathieu Morlighem, and Kang-Kun Lee
The Cryosphere, 18, 1139–1155, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1139-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study conducted 3D thermodynamic ice sheet model experiments, and modeled temperatures were compared with 15 observed borehole temperature profiles. We found that using incompressibility of ice without sliding agrees well with observed temperature profiles in slow-flow regions, while incorporating sliding in fast-flow regions captures observed temperature profiles. Also, the choice of vertical velocity scheme has a greater impact on the shape of the modeled temperature profile.
Matthew A. Danielson and Philip J. Bart
The Cryosphere, 18, 1125–1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1125-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1125-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in the Ross Sea was more significant than for any other Antarctic sector. Here we combined the available dates of retreat with new mapping of sediment deposited by the ice sheet during overall retreat. Our work shows that the post-LGM retreat through the Ross Sea was not uniform. This uneven retreat can cause instability in the present-day Antarctic ice sheet configuration and lead to future runaway retreat.
Trystan Surawy-Stepney, Anna E. Hogg, Stephen L. Cornford, Benjamin J. Wallis, Benjamin J. Davison, Heather L. Selley, Ross A. W. Slater, Elise K. Lie, Livia Jakob, Andrew Ridout, Noel Gourmelen, Bryony I. D. Freer, Sally F. Wilson, and Andrew Shepherd
The Cryosphere, 18, 977–993, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-977-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-977-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we use satellite observations and an ice flow model to quantify the impact of sea ice buttressing on ice streams on the Antarctic Peninsula. The evacuation of 11-year-old landfast sea ice in the Larsen B embayment on the East Antarctic Peninsula in January 2022 was closely followed by major changes in the calving behaviour and acceleration (30 %) of the ocean-terminating glaciers. Our results show that sea ice buttressing had a negligible direct role in the observed dynamic changes.
Andrew N. Hennig, David A. Mucciarone, Stanley S. Jacobs, Richard A. Mortlock, and Robert B. Dunbar
The Cryosphere, 18, 791–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-791-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-791-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 937 seawater paired oxygen isotope (δ18O)–salinity samples collected during seven cruises on the SE Amundsen Sea between 1994 and 2020 reveal a deep freshwater source with δ18O − 29.4±1.0‰, consistent with the signature of local ice shelf melt. Local mean meteoric water content – comprised primarily of glacial meltwater – increased between 1994 and 2020 but exhibited greater interannual variability than increasing trend.
Qinggang Gao, Louise C. Sime, Alison J. McLaren, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Emilie Capron, Rachael H. Rhodes, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Xiaoxu Shi, and Martin Werner
The Cryosphere, 18, 683–703, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic precipitation is a crucial component of the climate system. Its spatio-temporal variability impacts sea level changes and the interpretation of water isotope measurements in ice cores. To better understand its climatic drivers, we developed water tracers in an atmospheric model to identify moisture source conditions from which precipitation originates. We find that mid-latitude surface winds exert an important control on moisture availability for Antarctic precipitation.
Claudio Stefanini, Giovanni Macelloni, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Vincent Favier, Benjamin Pohl, and Ghislain Picard
The Cryosphere, 18, 593–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-593-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-593-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Local and large-scale meteorological conditions have been considered in order to explain some peculiar changes of snow grains on the East Antarctic Plateau from 2000 to 2022, by using remote sensing observations and reanalysis. We identified some extreme grain size events on the highest ice divide, resulting from a combination of conditions of low wind speed and low temperature. Moreover, the beginning of seasonal grain growth has been linked to the occurrence of atmospheric rivers.
Violaine Coulon, Ann Kristin Klose, Christoph Kittel, Tamsin Edwards, Fiona Turner, Ricarda Winkelmann, and Frank Pattyn
The Cryosphere, 18, 653–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-653-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-653-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present new projections of the evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet until the end of the millennium, calibrated with observations. We show that the ocean will be the main trigger of future ice loss. As temperatures continue to rise, the atmosphere's role may shift from mitigating to amplifying Antarctic mass loss already by the end of the century. For high-emission scenarios, this may lead to substantial sea-level rise. Adopting sustainable practices would however reduce the rate of ice loss.
Lu Zhou, Julienne Stroeve, Vishnu Nandan, Rosemary Willatt, Shiming Xu, Weixin Zhu, Sahra Kacimi, Stefanie Arndt, and Zifan Yang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-81, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-81, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Snow over Antarctic sea ice, influenced by highly variable meteorological conditions and heavy snowfall, has complex stratigraphy and profound impact over the microwave signature. We employ advanced radiation transfer models to analyze the effects of complex snow properties on brightness temperatures over the sea ice in Southern Oceans. Great potential lies in the understanding of snow processes and the application to satellite retrievals.
Srinidhi Gadde and Willem Jan van de Berg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-116, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-116, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Blowing snow sublimation represents the major loss term in the mass balance of Antarctica. In this study, we update the representation of blowing snow in the regional climate model RACMO. With the updates, results compare well with the observations from East Antarctica. Also, continent wide variation of blowing snow compares well with the satellite observations. Hence, the updates provide a clear step forward in producing physically sound and reliable estimate of the mass balance of Antarctica.
Ashleigh Womack, Alberto Alberello, Marc de Vos, Alessandro Toffoli, Robyn Verrinder, and Marcello Vichi
The Cryosphere, 18, 205–229, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-205-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-205-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Synoptic events have a significant influence on the evolution of Antarctic sea ice. Our current understanding of the interactions between cyclones and sea ice remains limited. Using two ensembles of buoys, deployed in the north-eastern Weddell Sea region during winter and spring of 2019, we show how the evolution and spatial pattern of sea ice drift and deformation in the Antarctic marginal ice zone were affected by the balance between atmospheric and oceanic forcing and the local ice.
Yushi Morioka, Liping Zhang, Thomas L. Delworth, Xiaosong Yang, Fanrong Zeng, Masami Nonaka, and Swadhin K. Behera
The Cryosphere, 17, 5219–5240, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5219-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5219-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic sea ice extent shows multidecadal variations with its decrease in the 1980s and increase after the 2000s until 2015. Here we show that our climate model can predict the sea ice decrease by deep convection in the Southern Ocean and the sea ice increase by the surface wind variability. These results suggest that accurate simulation and prediction of subsurface ocean and atmosphere conditions are important for those of Antarctic sea ice variability on a multidecadal timescale.
Hélène Seroussi, Vincent Verjans, Sophie Nowicki, Antony J. Payne, Heiko Goelzer, William H. Lipscomb, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Cécile Agosta, Torsten Albrecht, Xylar Asay-Davis, Alice Barthel, Reinhard Calov, Richard Cullather, Christophe Dumas, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, Rupert Gladstone, Nicholas R. Golledge, Jonathan M. Gregory, Ralf Greve, Tore Hattermann, Matthew J. Hoffman, Angelika Humbert, Philippe Huybrechts, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Thomas Kleiner, Eric Larour, Gunter R. Leguy, Daniel P. Lowry, Chistopher M. Little, Mathieu Morlighem, Frank Pattyn, Tyler Pelle, Stephen F. Price, Aurélien Quiquet, Ronja Reese, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Andrew Shepherd, Erika Simon, Robin S. Smith, Fiammetta Straneo, Sainan Sun, Luke D. Trusel, Jonas Van Breedam, Peter Van Katwyk, Roderik S. W. van de Wal, Ricarda Winkelmann, Chen Zhao, Tong Zhang, and Thomas Zwinger
The Cryosphere, 17, 5197–5217, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mass loss from Antarctica is a key contributor to sea level rise over the 21st century, and the associated uncertainty dominates sea level projections. We highlight here the Antarctic glaciers showing the largest changes and quantify the main sources of uncertainty in their future evolution using an ensemble of ice flow models. We show that on top of Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, Totten and Moscow University glaciers show rapid changes and a strong sensitivity to warmer ocean conditions.
Raúl R. Cordero, Sarah Feron, Alessandro Damiani, Pedro J. Llanillo, Jorge Carrasco, Alia L. Khan, Richard Bintanja, Zutao Ouyang, and Gino Casassa
The Cryosphere, 17, 4995–5006, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4995-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4995-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the response of Antarctic sea ice to year-to-year changes in the tropospheric–stratospheric dynamics. Our findings suggest that, by affecting the tropospheric westerlies, the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex has played a major role in recent record-breaking anomalies in Antarctic sea ice.
Alfonso Ferrone, Étienne Vignon, Andrea Zonato, and Alexis Berne
The Cryosphere, 17, 4937–4956, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4937-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4937-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In austral summer 2019/2020, three K-band Doppler profilers were deployed across the Sør Rondane Mountains, south of the Belgian base Princess Elisabeth Antarctica. Their measurements, along with atmospheric simulations and reanalyses, have been used to study the spatial variability in precipitation over the region, as well as investigate the interaction between the complex terrain and the typical flow associated with precipitating systems.
Joel A. Wilner, Mathieu Morlighem, and Gong Cheng
The Cryosphere, 17, 4889–4901, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4889-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4889-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use numerical modeling to study iceberg calving off of ice shelves in Antarctica. We examine four widely used mathematical descriptions of calving (
calving laws), under the assumption that Antarctic ice shelf front positions should be in steady state under the current climate forcing. We quantify how well each of these calving laws replicates the observed front positions. Our results suggest that the eigencalving and von Mises laws are most suitable for Antarctic ice shelves.
Rebecca J. Sanderson, Kate Winter, S. Louise Callard, Felipe Napoleoni, Neil Ross, Tom A. Jordan, and Robert G. Bingham
The Cryosphere, 17, 4853–4871, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4853-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4853-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice-penetrating radar allows us to explore the internal structure of glaciers and ice sheets to constrain past and present ice-flow conditions. In this paper, we examine englacial layers within the Lambert Glacier in East Antarctica using a quantitative layer tracing tool. Analysis reveals that the ice flow here has been relatively stable, but evidence for former fast flow along a tributary suggests that changes have occurred in the past and could change again in the future.
Thorsten Seehaus, Christian Sommer, Thomas Dethinne, and Philipp Malz
The Cryosphere, 17, 4629–4644, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4629-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4629-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Existing mass budget estimates for the northern Antarctic Peninsula (>70° S) are affected by considerable limitations. We carried out the first region-wide analysis of geodetic mass balances throughout this region (coverage of 96.4 %) for the period 2013–2017 based on repeat pass bi-static TanDEM-X acquisitions. A total mass budget of −24.1±2.8 Gt/a is revealed. Imbalanced high ice discharge, particularly at former ice shelf tributaries, is the main driver of overall ice loss.
Julius Garbe, Maria Zeitz, Uta Krebs-Kanzow, and Ricarda Winkelmann
The Cryosphere, 17, 4571–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4571-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4571-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We adopt the novel surface module dEBM-simple in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) to investigate the impact of atmospheric warming on Antarctic surface melt and long-term ice sheet dynamics. As an enhancement compared to traditional temperature-based melt schemes, the module accounts for changes in ice surface albedo and thus the melt–albedo feedback. Our results underscore the critical role of ice–atmosphere feedbacks in the future sea-level contribution of Antarctica on long timescales.
Gemma K. O'Connor, Paul R. Holland, Eric J. Steig, Pierre Dutrieux, and Gregory J. Hakim
The Cryosphere, 17, 4399–4420, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4399-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4399-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in West Antarctica are rapidly melting, but the causes are unknown due to limited observations. A leading hypothesis is that an unusually large wind event in the 1940s initiated the ocean-driven melting. Using proxy reconstructions (e.g., using ice cores) and climate model simulations, we find that wind events similar to the 1940s event are relatively common on millennial timescales, implying that ocean variability or climate trends are also necessary to explain the start of ice loss.
Christian Wirths, Johannes Sutter, and Thomas Stocker
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2233, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2233, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the influence of several regional climate models onto the Antarctic Ice Sheet, when applied as forcing for the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). Our study shows, that the choice of regional climate model forcing results in uncertainties similar to the ones in future sea level rise projections and affects also the extent of grounding line retreat in West Antarctica.
Maria T. Kappelsberger, Martin Horwath, Eric Buchta, Matthias O. Willen, Ludwig Schröder, Sanne B. M. Veldhuijsen, Peter Kuipers Munneke, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-140, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-140, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for TC
Short summary
Short summary
The interannual variations in the height of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) are mainly due to natural variations in snowfall. Precise knowledge of these variations is important for the detection of any long-term climatic trends in AIS surface elevation. We present a new product that spatially resolves these height variations over the period 1992–2017. The product combines the strengths of atmospheric modeling results and satellite altimetry measurements.
Ann Kristin Klose, Violaine Coulon, Frank Pattyn, and Ricarda Winkelmann
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-156, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-156, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for TC
Short summary
Short summary
We systematically assess the long-term sea-level response from Antarctica to warming projected over the next centuries with two ice-sheet models. We show that this committed Antarctic sea-level contribution is substantially higher than the transient sea-level change projected for the coming decades. A low-emission scenario already poses a considerable risk of multi-meter sea-level increase over the next millennia, while additional East Antarctic ice loss unfolds under the high-emission pathway.
Thomas Dethinne, Quentin Glaude, Ghislain Picard, Christoph Kittel, Patrick Alexander, Anne Orban, and Xavier Fettweis
The Cryosphere, 17, 4267–4288, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4267-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4267-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the sensitivity of the regional climate model
Modèle Atmosphérique Régional(MAR) to the assimilation of wet-snow occurrence estimated by remote sensing datasets. The assimilation is performed by nudging the MAR snowpack temperature. The data assimilation is performed over the Antarctic Peninsula for the 2019–2021 period. The results show an increase in the melt production (+66.7 %) and a decrease in surface mass balance (−4.5 %) of the model for the 2019–2020 melt season.
Nora Hirsch, Alexandra Zuhr, Thomas Münch, Maria Hörhold, Johannes Freitag, Remi Dallmayr, and Thomas Laepple
The Cryosphere, 17, 4207–4221, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4207-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4207-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Stable water isotopes from firn cores provide valuable information on past climates, yet their utility is hampered by stratigraphic noise, i.e. the irregular deposition and wind-driven redistribution of snow. We found stratigraphic noise on the Antarctic Plateau to be related to the local accumulation rate, snow surface roughness and slope inclination, which can guide future decisions on sampling locations and thus increase the resolution of climate reconstructions from low-accumulation areas.
Bryony I. D. Freer, Oliver J. Marsh, Anna E. Hogg, Helen Amanda Fricker, and Laurie Padman
The Cryosphere, 17, 4079–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4079-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4079-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a method using ICESat-2 data to measure how Antarctic grounding lines (GLs) migrate across the tide cycle. At an ice plain on the Ronne Ice Shelf we observe 15 km of tidal GL migration, the largest reported distance in Antarctica, dominating any signal of long-term migration. We identify four distinct migration modes, which provide both observational support for models of tidal ice flexure and GL migration and insights into ice shelf–ocean–subglacial interactions in grounding zones.
Rajashree Tri Datta, Adam Herrington, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, David P. Schneider, Luke Trusel, Ziqi Yin, and Devon Dunmire
The Cryosphere, 17, 3847–3866, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3847-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3847-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Precipitation over Antarctica is one of the greatest sources of uncertainty in sea level rise estimates. Earth system models (ESMs) are a valuable tool for these estimates but typically run at coarse spatial resolutions. Here, we present an evaluation of the variable-resolution CESM2 (VR-CESM2) for the first time with a grid designed for enhanced spatial resolution over Antarctica to achieve the high resolution of regional climate models while preserving the two-way interactions of ESMs.
Yaowen Zheng, Nicholas R. Golledge, Alexandra Gossart, Ghislain Picard, and Marion Leduc-Leballeur
The Cryosphere, 17, 3667–3694, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Positive degree-day (PDD) schemes are widely used in many Antarctic numerical ice sheet models. However, the PDD approach has not been systematically explored for its application in Antarctica. We have constructed a novel grid-cell-level spatially distributed PDD (dist-PDD) model and assessed its accuracy. We suggest that an appropriately parameterized dist-PDD model can be a valuable tool for exploring Antarctic surface melt beyond the satellite era.
Hannah J. Picton, Chris R. Stokes, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Dana Floricioiu, and Lukas Krieger
The Cryosphere, 17, 3593–3616, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3593-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3593-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides an overview of recent ice dynamics within Vincennes Bay, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica. This region was recently discovered to be vulnerable to intrusions of warm water capable of driving basal melt. Our results show extensive grounding-line retreat at Vanderford Glacier, estimated at 18.6 km between 1996 and 2020. This supports the notion that the warm water is able to access deep cavities below the Vanderford Ice Shelf, potentially making Vanderford Glacier unstable.
Fernando S. Paolo, Alex S. Gardner, Chad A. Greene, Johan Nilsson, Michael P. Schodlok, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, and Helen A. Fricker
The Cryosphere, 17, 3409–3433, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3409-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We report on a slowdown in the rate of thinning and melting of West Antarctic ice shelves. We present a comprehensive assessment of the Antarctic ice shelves, where we analyze at a continental scale the changes in thickness, flow, and basal melt over the past 26 years. We also present a novel method to estimate ice shelf change from satellite altimetry and a time-dependent data set of ice shelf thickness and basal melt rates at an unprecedented resolution.
Hyein Jeong, Adrian K. Turner, Andrew F. Roberts, Milena Veneziani, Stephen F. Price, Xylar S. Asay-Davis, Luke P. Van Roekel, Wuyin Lin, Peter M. Caldwell, Hyo-Seok Park, Jonathan D. Wolfe, and Azamat Mametjanov
The Cryosphere, 17, 2681–2700, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2681-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We find that E3SM-HR reproduces the main features of the Antarctic coastal polynyas. Despite the high amount of coastal sea ice production, the densest water masses are formed in the open ocean. Biases related to the lack of dense water formation are associated with overly strong atmospheric polar easterlies. Our results indicate that the large-scale polar atmospheric circulation must be accurately simulated in models to properly reproduce Antarctic dense water formation.
Cited articles
Abram, N. J., Thomas, E. R., McConnell, J. R, Mulvaney, R., Bracegirdle, T. J., Sime, L. C., and Aristarain, A. J.: Ice core evidence for a 20th century decline of sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D23101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014644, 2010.
Abram, N. J., Mulvaney, R., and Arrowsmith, C.: Environmental signals in a highly resolved ice core from James Ross Island, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D20116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016147, 2011.
Anschütz, H., Steinhage, D., O. Eisen, O., Oerter, H., Horwath, M., and Ruth, U.: Small-scale spatio-temporal characteristics of accumulation rates in Western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 54, 315–323, 2008.
Anschütz, H., Müller K., Isaksson, E., McConnell, J. R., Fischer, H., Miller, H., Albert, M., and Winther, J.-G.: Revisiting sites of the South Pole Queen Maud Land Traverses in East Antarctica: accumulation data from shallow firn cores, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D24106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012204, 2009.
Anschütz, H., Sinisalo, A., Isaksson, E., McConnell, J. R., Hamran, S.-E., Bisiaux, M. M., Pasteris, D., Neumann, T. A., and Winther, J.-G.: Variation of accumulation rates over the last eight centuries on the East Antarctic Plateau derived from volcanic signals in ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D20103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015753, 2011.
Aristarain, A. J., Delmas, R. J., and Stievenard, M.: Ice-core study of the link between sea-salt aerosol, sea-ice cover and climate in the Antarctic Peninsula area, Clim. Change, 67, 63–86, 2004.
Banta, J. R., McConnell, J. R., Frey, M. M., Bales, R. C., and Taylor, K.: Spatial and temporal variability in snow accumulation at WAIS Divide over recent centuries, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D23102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010235, 2008.
Castellano, E., Becagli, S., Hansson, M., Hutterli, M., Petit, J. R., Rampino, M. R., Severi, M., Steffensen, J. P., Traversi, R., and Udisti, R.: Holocene volcanic history as recorded in the sulfate stratigraphy of the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C (EDC96) ice core, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D06114, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005259, 2005.
Chapman, W. L. and Walsh, J. E.: A synthesis of Antarctic temperature, J. Climate, 20, 4096–4117, 2007.
Cole-Dai, J., Mosley-Thompson, E., Wright, S., and Thompson, L.: A 4100-year record of explosive volcanism from an East Antarctica ice core, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24431–24441, 2000.
Curran, M. A. J., Van Ommen, T. D., Morgan, V. I, Phillips, K. L., and Palmer, A. S.: Ice core evidence for Antarctic sea ice decline since the 1950s, Science, 302, 1203–1206, 2003.
Delaygue, G. and Bard, E.: An Antarctic view of beryllium-10 and solar activity for the past millennium, Clim. Dynam., 36, 2201–2218, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0795-1, 2010.
Ding, M., Xiao, C., Li, Y., Ren, J., Hou, S., Jin, B., and Sun, B.: Spatial variability of surface mass balance along a traverse route from Zhongshan station to Dome A, Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 57, 658–666, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311797409820, 2011a.
Ding, Q., Steig, E. J., Battisti, D. S., and Küttel, M.: Winter warming in West Antarctica caused by central tropical Pacific warming, Nat. Geosc., 4, 398–403, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1129, 2011b.
Divine, D. V., Isaksson, E., Kaczmarska, M., Godtliebsen, F., Oerter, H., Schlosser, E., Johnsen, S. J., van den Broeke, M., and van de Wal, R. S. W.: Tropical Pacific–high latitude south Atlantic teleconnections as seen in δ18O variability in Antarctic coastal ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D11112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010475, 2009.
Eichler, A., Olivier, S., Henderson, K., Laube, A., Beer, J., Papina, T., Gäggeler, H. W., and Schwikowski, M.: Temperature response in the Altai region lags solar forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01808, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035930, 2009.
Eisen, O., Frezzotti, M., Genthon, C., Isaksson, E., Magand, O., Broeke, M. R., Dixon, D. A., Ekaykin, A., Holmlund, P., Kameda, T., Karlöf, L., Kaspari, S., Lipenkov, V. Y., Oerter, H., Takahashi, S., and Vaughan, D. G.: Ground-based measurements of spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation in East Antarctica, Rev. Geophys. 46, RG2001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006RG000218, 2008.
Ekaykin, A. A., Lipenkov, V. Y., Kuzmina, I., Petit, J. R., Masson-Delmotte, V., and Johnsen, S. J.: The changes in isotope composition and accumulation of snow at Vostok station, East Antarctica, over the past 200 years, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 569–575, 2004.
EPICA Community Members: Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core, Nature, 429, 623–628, 2004.
Fernandoy, F., Meyer, H., Oerter, H., Wilhelms, F., Graf, W., and Schwander, J.: Temporal and spatial variation of stable-isotope ratios and accumulation rates in the hinterland of Neumayer station, East Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 56, 673–687, 2010.
Fogt, R. L., Bromwich, D. H., and Hines, K. M.: Decadal variability of the ENSO teleconnection to the high latitude South Pacific governed by coupling with the Southern Annular Mode, J. Clim., 19, 979–997, 2006.
Frezzotti, M., Bitelli, G., de Michelis, P., Deponti, A., Forieri, A., Gandolfi, S., Maggi, V., Mancini, F., Rémy, F., Tabacco, I. E., Urbini, S., Vittuari, L., and Zirizzotti, A.: Geophysical survey at Talos Dome (East Antarctica): the search for a new deep-drilling site, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 423–432, 2004.
Frezzotti, M., Pourchet, M., Flora, O., Gandolfi, S., Gay, M., Urbini, S., Vincent, C., Becagli, S., Gragnani, R., Proposito, M., Severi, M., Traversi, R., Udisti, R., and Fily, M.: Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation in East Antarctica from traverse data, J. Glaciol., 51, 113–124, 2005.
Frezzotti, M., Urbini, S., Proposito, M., Scarchilli, C., and Gandolfi, S.: Spatial and temporal variability of surface mass balance near Talos Dome, East Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F02032, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000638, 2007.
Fujita, K. and Abe, O.: Stable isotopes in daily precipitation at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18503, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026936, 2006.
Fujita, S., Holmlund, P., Andersson, I., Brown, I., Enomoto, H., Fujii, Y., Fujita, K., Fukui, K., Furukawa, T., Hansson, M., Hara, K., Hoshina, Y., Igarashi, M., Iizuka, Y., Imura, S., Ingvander, S., Karlin, T., Motoyama, H., Nakazawa, F., Oerter, H., Sjöberg, L. E., Sugiyama, S., Surdyk, S., Ström, J., Uemura, R., and Wilhelms, F.: Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation rate on the East Antarctic ice divide between Dome Fuji and EPICA DML, The Cryosphere, 5, 1057–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-1057-2011, 2011.
Genthon, C., Krinner, G., and Castebrunet, H.: Antarctic precipitation and climate change prediction: horizontal resolution and margin vs plateau issues, Ann. Glaciol., 50, 55–60, 2009.
Gibson, T. T.: Atmospheric blocking in the Southern Hemisphere 1982–1992. Proc. APOC and AMOS Joint Conf., Lorne, Australia, Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, 40, 1995.
Goodwin, I., de Angelis, M., Pook, M., and Young, N. W.: Snow accumulation variability in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, and the relationship to atmospheric ridging in the 130°–170° E since 1930, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4673, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002995, 2003.
Graf, W., Oerter, H., Reinwarth, O., Stichler, W., Wilhelms, F., Miller, H., and Mulvaney, R.: Stable isotope records from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 195–201, 2002.
Gregory, J. M. and Huybrechts, P.: Ice-sheet contributions to future sea-level change, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A, 364, 1709–1731, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1796, 2006.
Hamilton, G. S.: Topographic control of regional accumulation rate variability at South Pole and implications for ice-core interpretation, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 214–218, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814050, 2004.
Hirasawa, N., Nakamura, H., and Yamanouchi, T.: Abrupt changes in meteorological conditions observed at an inland Antarctic Station in association with wintertime blocking, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1911–1914, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL011039, 2000.
Hofstede, C. M, van de Wal, R. S. W., Kaspers, K. A., van den Broeke, M. R., Karlöf, L., Winther, J. G., Isaksson, E., Lappegard, G., Mulvaney, R., Oerther, H., and Wilhelms, F.: Firn accumulation records for the past 1000 years on the basis of dielectric profiling of six firn cores from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 50, 279–291, 2004.
Hou, S. G., Li, Y. S., Xiao, C. D., and Ren, J.: Recent accumulation rate at Dome A, Antarctica, Chin. Sci. Bull., 52, 428–431, 2007.
Hou, S. G., Li, Y. S., Xiao, C. D., Pang, H. X., and Xu, J. Z.: Preliminary results of the close-off depth and the stable isotopic records along a 109.91 m ice core from Dome A, Antarctica, Sci, China Ser. D-Earth Sci., 52, 1502–1509, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0039-6, 2009.
Igarashi, M., Nakai, Y., Motizuki, Y., Takahashi, K., Motoyama, H., and Makishima, K.: Dating of the Dome Fuji shallow ice core based on a record of volcanic eruptions from AD 1260 to AD 2001, Polar Sci., 5, 411–420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2011.08.001, 2011.
Ineson, S., Scaife, A., Knight, J. R., Manners, J. C., Dunstone, N. J., Gray, L. J., and Haigh, J. D.: Solar forcing of winter climate variability in the Norther Hemisphere, Nature Geosci., 4, 753–757, 2011.
Isaksson, E., van den Broeke, M., Winther, J. G., Karlöf, L., Pinglot, J., and Gundestrup, N.: Accumulation and proxy-temperature variability in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, determined from shallow firn cores, Ann. Glaciol., 29, 17–22, 1999.
ISMASS Committee: Recommendations for the collection and synthesis of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance data, Global Planet. Change, 42, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.11.008, 2004.
Jiang, S., Cole-Dai, J., Li, Y., Ferris, D.G., Ma, H., An, C., Shi, G., and Sun, B.: A detailed 2840 year record of explosive volcanism in a shallow ice core from Dome A, East Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 58, 65–75, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG11J138, 2012.
Kaczmarska, M., Isaksson, E., Karlöf, K., Winther, J-G, Kohler, J., Godtliebsen, F., Ringstad Olsen, L., Hofstede, C. M., van den Broeke, M. R., Van De Wal, R. S. W., and Gundestrup, N.: Accumulation variability derived from an ice core from coastal Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 339–345, 2004.
Kameda, T., Motoyama, H., Fujita, S., and Takahashi S.: Temporal and spatial variability of surface mass balance at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, by the stake method from 1995 to 2006, J. Glaciol., 54, 107–116, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409062, 2008.
Karlöf, L. Winther, J.-G., Isaksson, E., Kohler, J., Pinglot, J. F., Wilhelms, F., Hansson, M., Holmlund, P., Nyman, M., Pettersson, R., Stenberg, M., Thomassen, M. P. A., van der Veen, C., and van de Wal, R. S. W.: A 1500 year record of accumulation at Amundsenisen, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, derived from electrical and radioactive measurements on a 120m ice core, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12471–12483, 2000.
Karlöf, L., Isakson, E., Winther, J. G., Gundestrup, N., Meijer, H. A. J., Mulvaney, R., Pourcher, M., Hofstede, C., Lappegard, G., Petterson, R., van den Broecke, M. R., and van de Wal, R. S. W.: Accumulation variability over a small area in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, as determined from shallow firn cores and snow pits: some implications for ice, J. Glaciol., 51, 343–352, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829232, 2005.
Kaspari, S., Mayewski, P. A., Dixon, D. A., Spikes, V. B., Sneed, S. B., Handley, M. J., and Hamilton, G. S.: Climate variability in west Antarctica derived from annual accumulation-rate records from ITASE firn/ice cores, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 585–594, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814447, 2004.
Krinner, G., Magand, O., Simmonds, I., Genthon, C., and Dufresne, J. L.: Simulated Antarctic precipitation and surface mass balance at the end of the 20th and 21th centuries, Clim. Dynam. 28, 215–230, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-006-0177-x, 2007.
Lachlan-Cope, T. and Connolley, W.: Teleconnections between the tropical Pacific and the Amundsen-Bellinghausens Sea: role of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006386, 2006.
Lenaerts, J. T. M., van den Broeke, M. R., van den Berg, W. J., van Meijgaard, E., and Munneke, P. K.: A new, high resolution surface mass balance map of Antarctica (1979–2010) based on regional climate modeling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L04501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050713, 2012a.
Lenaerts, J. T. M., van den Broeke, M. R., Scarchilli, C., and Agosta, C.: Impact of model resolution on simulated wind, drifting snow and surface mass balance in Adélie Land, East Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 58, 821–829, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG12J020, 2012b.
Magand, O., Frezzotti, M., Pourchet, M., Stenni, B., Genoni, L., and Fily, M.: Climate variability along latitudinal and longitudinal transects in east Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 351–358, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756404781813961, 2004.
Magand, O., Genthon, C., Fily, M., Krinner, G., Picard, G., Frezzotti, M., and Ekaykin, A. A.: An up-to-date quality-controlled surface mass balance data set for the 90°–180° E Antarctica sector and 1950–2005 period, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007691, 2007.
Marques, R. F. C. and Rao V. B: Interannual variations of blocking in the Southern Hemisphere and their energetics, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 4625–4636, 2000.
Marshall, G. J.: Trends in the Southern Annular Mode from observations and reanalyses, J. Climate, 16, 4134–4143, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4134:TITSAM>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Marshall, G. J.: On the annual and semi-annual cycles of precipitation across Antarctica, Int. J. Climatatol., 29, 2298–2308, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1810, 2009.
Martín-Puertas, C., Matthes, K., Brauer, A., Muscheler, R., Hansen, F., Petrick, C., Aldahan, A., Possnert, G., and van Geel, B.: Regional atmospheric circulation shifts induced by a grand solar minimum, Nature, Geosc., 5, 397–401, 2012.
Massom, R. A., Pook, M. J., Comiso, J. C., Adams, N., Turner, J., Lachlan-Cope, T., and Gibson, T.: Precipitation over the interior East Antarctic Ice Sheet related to midlatitude blocking-high activity, J. Climate, 17, 1914–1928, 2004.
Masson-Delmotte, V., Hou, S., Ekaykin, A., Jouzel, J., Aristarain, A., Bernardo, R. T., Bromwich, D., Cattani, O., Delmotte, M., Falourd, S., Frezzotti, M., Gallée, H., Genoni, L., Isaksson, E., Landais, A., Helsen, M. M., Hoffmann, G., Lopez, J., Morgan, V., Motoyama, H., Noone, D., Oerter, H., Petit, J. R., Royer, A., Uemura, R., Schmidt, G. A., Schlosser, E.,. Simöes, J. C., Steig, E. J., Stenni, B., Stievenard, M., van den Broeke, M. R., van de Wal, R. S. W., van de Berg, W. J., Vimeux, F., and White, J. W. C.: A review of Antarctic surface snow isotopic composition: Observations, atmospheric circulation, and isotopic modeling, J. Climate, 21, 3359–3387, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI2139.1, 2008
McConnell, J. R., Bales, R. C., and Davis, D. R.: Recent intra-annual snow accumulation at South Pole: implications for ice core interpretation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21947–21954, 1997.
Monaghan, A. J., Bromwich, D. H., Fogt, R. L., Wang, S., Mayewski, P. A., Dixon, D. A., Ekaykin, A., Frezzotti, M., Goodwin, I., Isaksson, E., Kaspari, S. D., Morgan, V. I., Oerter, H., Van Ommen, T. D., van der Veen, C. J., and Wen, J.: Insignificant change in Antarctic snowfall since the International Geophysical Year, Science, 313, 827–831, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128243, 2006.
Monaghan, A. J., Bromwich, D. H., and Schneider, D. P.: Twentieth century Antarctic air temperature and snowfall simulations by IPCC climate models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L07502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032630, 2008.
Moore, J. C., Narita, H., and Maeno, N.: A continuous 770-year record of volcanic activity from East Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17353–17359, 1991.
Morgan, V. I., Goodwin, I. D., Etheridge, D. M., and Wookey, C. W.: Evidence for increased accumulation in Antarctica, Nature, 354, 58–60, 1991.
Mosley-Thompson, E., Paskievitch, J. F., Gow, A. J., and Thompson, L. G.: Late 20th century increase in South Pole snow accumulation, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3877–3886, 1999.
Mulvaney, R., Oerter, H., Peel, D. A., Graf, W., Arrowsmith, C., Pasteur, E. C., Knight, B., Littot, G. C., and Miners, W. D: 1000-year ice core records from Berkner Island, Antarctic, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 45–51, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817176, 2002.
Nishio, F., Furukawa, T., Hashida, G., Igarashi, M., Kameda, T., Kohno, M., Motoyama, H., Naoki, K., Satow, K., Suzuki, K., Morimasa, T., Toyama, Y., Yamada, T., and Watanabe, O.: Annual-layer determinations and 167 year records of past climate of H72 ice core in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 471–479, 2002.
Noone, D., Turner, J., and Mulvaney, R.: Atmospheric signals and characteristics of accumulation in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19191–19211, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD900376, 1999.
Oerter, H., Graf, W., Wilhelms, F., Minikin, A., and Miller, H.: Accumulation studies on Amundsenisen, Dronning Maud Land, by means of tritium, DEP and stable isotope measurements: first results from the 1995/96 and 1996/97 field seasons, Ann. Glaciol., 29, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756499781820914, 1999.
Oerter, H., Wilhelms, F., Jung-Rothenhausler, F., Goktas, F., Miller, H., Graf, W., and Sommer, S.: Accumulation rates in Dronning Maud Land as revealed by DEP measurements at shallow firn cores, Ann. Glaciol., 30, 27–34, 2000.
Pritchard, H. D., Arthern, R. J., Vaughan, D. G., and Edwards, L. A.: Extensive dynamic thinning on the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, Nature, 461, 971–975, 2009.
Raymond, C., Weertman, B., Thompson, L., Mosley-Thompson, E., Peel, D., and Mulvaney, R.: Geometry, motion and balance of Dyer Plateau, Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 42, 510–518, 1996.
Ren, J., Qin, D., and Allison, I.: Variations of snow accumulation and temperature over past decades in the Lambert Glacier basin, East Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 29, 29–32, 1999.
Ren, J., Li, C., Hou, S., Xiao, C., Qin, D., Li, Y., and Ding, M.: A 2680 year volcanic record from the DT-401 East Antarctic ice core, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D11301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012892, 2010.
Renwick, J. A.: ENSO-related variability in the frequency of South Pacific blocking, Mon. Weather Rev., 144, 3117–3123, 1998.
Rignot, E., Bamber, J. L., Van den Broeke, M. R., Davis, C., Li, Y., Van de Berg, W. J., and Van Meijgaard, E.: Recent Antarctic ice mass loss from radar interferometry and regional climate modelling, Nat. Geosc., 1, 106–110, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo102, 2008.
Ruth, U., Wagenbach, D., Mulvaney, R., Oerter, H., Graf, W., Pulz, H., and Littot, G.: Comprehensive 1000 year climate history from an intermediate depth ice core from the south dome of Berkner Island, Antarctica: methods, dating and first results, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 146–154, 2004.
Sachs, J. P., Sachse, D., Smittenberg, R. H., Zhang, Z., Battisti, D. S., and Golubic, S.: Southward movement of the Pacific intertropical convergence zone AD 1400–1850, Nat. Geosc., 2, 519–525, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO554, 2009.
Scambos, T. A., Frezzotti, M., Haran, T., Bohlander, J., Lenaerts, J. T. M., van den Broeke, M. R., Jezek, K., Long, D., Urbini, S., Farness, K., Neumann, T., Albert, M., and Winther, J.-G.: Extent of low-accumulation 'wind glaze' areas on the East Antarctic Plateau: implications for continental ice mass balance, J. Glaciol., 58, 633–647, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG11J232, 2012.
Scarchilli, C., Frezzotti, M., Grigioni, P., De Silvestri, L., Agnoletto, L., and Dolci, S.: Extraordinary blowing snow transport events in East Antarctica, Clim. Dynam., 34, 1195–1206, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0601-0, 2010.
Scarchilli, C., Frezzotti, M., and Ruti, P. M.: Snow precipitation at four ice core sites in East Antarctica: provenance, seasonality and blocking factors, Clim. Dynam., 37, 2107–2125, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0946-4, 2011.
Schneider, D. P., Okumura, Y., and Deser, C.: Observed antarctic interannual climate variability and tropical linkages, J. Climate, 25, 4048–4066, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00273.1, 2012.
Schlosser, E. and Oerter, H.: Shallow firn cores from Neumayer, Ekströmisen – A comparison of accumulation rates, and stable isotope ratios, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 91–96, 2002.
Schlosser, E., Powers, J. G., Duda, M. G., and Manning, K. W.: Interaction between Antarctic sea ice and synoptic activity in the circumpolar trough - implications for ice core interpretation, Ann. Glaciol., 52, 9–17, 2011.
Schwander, J., Jouzel, J., Hammer, C. U., Petit, J. R., Udisti, R., and Wolf, E.: A tentative chronology for the EPICA Dome Concordia ice core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4243–4246, 2001.
Schwartz, S. E.: Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth's climate system, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24S05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008746, 2007.
Simmonds, I., Keay, K., and Lim, E. P.: Synoptic activity in the seas around Antarctica, Mon. Weather Rev., 131, 272–288, 2003.
Simmons, A., Uppala, D. D., and Kobayashi, S. : ERA-interim: new ECMWF reanalysis product from 1989 onwards, ECMWF Newslett, 100, 25–35, 2006.
Sodemann, H. and Stohl, A.: Asymmetries in the moisture origin of Antarctic precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L22803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040242, 2009.
Sommer, S., Appenzeller, C., Röthlisberger, R., Hutterli, M. A., Stauffer, B., Wagenbach, D., Oerter, H., Wilhelms, F., Miller, H., and Mulvaney, R.: Glacio-chemical study spanning the past 2 kyr on three ice cores from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica 1. Annually resolved accumulation rates, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29411–29421, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900449, 2000.
Spikes, V. B., Hamilton, G. S., Arcone, S. A., Kaspari, S., and Mayewski, P. A.: Variability in accumulation rates from GPR profiling on the West Antarctic plateau, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 238–244, 2004.
Steig, E. J., Schneider, D. P., Rutherford, S. D., Mann, M. E., Comiso, J. C., and Shindell, D. T.: Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year, Nature, 457, 459–462, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07669, 2009.
Steinhilber, F., Beer, J., and Frohlich, C.: Total solar irradiance during the Holocene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19704, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040142, 2009.
Steinhilber, F., Abreua, J. A., Beera, J., Brunnera, I., Christlb, M., Fischerc, H., Heikkiläd, U., Kubikb, W., Manna, M., McCrackene, K. G., Millerf, H., Miyaharag, H., Oerter, H., and Wilhelmsf, F.: 9,400 years of cosmic radiation and solar activity from ice cores and tree rings, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 109, 5967–5971, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118965109, 2012.
Stenni, B., Caprioli, R., Cimmino, L., Cremisini, C., Flora, O., Gragnani, R., Longinelli, A., Maggi, V., and Torcini, S.: 200 years of isotope and chemical records in a firn core from Hercules Neve, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 29, 106–112, 1999.
Stenni, B., Proposito, M., Gragnani, R., Flora, O., Jouzel, J., Falourd, S., and Frezzotti, M.: Eight centuries of volcanic signal and climate change at Talos Dome (East Antarctica), J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4076, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000317, 2002.
Swingedouw, D., Terray, L., Cassou, C., Voldoire, A., Salas-Mélia, D., and Servonnat, J.: Natural forcing of climate during the last millenium: fingerprint of solar variability, Clim Dyn., 36, 1349–1364, 2011.
Takahashi, H., Yokoyama, T., Igarashi, M., Motoyama, H., and Suzuki, K.: Resolution of environmental variation by detail analysis of YM85 shallow ice core in Antarctica, Bull. Glaciol. Res., 27, 16–23, 2009.
Thomas, E. R., Marshall, G. J., and McConnell, J. R.: A doubling in snow accumulation in the western Antarctic Peninsula since 1850, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032529, 2008.
Thompson, L. G., Peel, D. A., Mosley-Thompson, E., Mulvaney, R., Dai, J., Lin, P. N., Davis, M. E., and Raymond, C. F.: Climate since A.D. 1510 on Dyer Plateau, Antarctic Peninsula: evidence for recent climate change, Ann. Glaciol., 20, 420–426, 1994.
Thresher, R. E.: Solar correlates of Southern Hemisphere mid-Latitude climate variability, Int. J. Climatol., 22, 901–915, 2002.
Tibaldi, S., Tosi, E., Navarra, A., and Pedulli, L.: Northern and Southern Hemisphere seasonal variability of blocking frequency and predictability, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 1971–2003, 1994.
Turner, J., Colwell, S. R., Marshall, G. J., Lachlan-Cope, T. A., Carleton, A. M., Jones, P. D., Lagun, V., Reid, P. A., and Iagovkina, S.: Antarctic climate change during the last 50 years, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 279–294, 2005.
Turner, J., Lachlan-Cope, T. A., Colwell, S., Marshall, G. J., and Connolley, W. M.: Significant warming of the Antarctic winter troposphere, Science, 311, 1914–1917, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121652, 2006.
Turner, J., Chenoli, S. N., Abu Samah, A., Marshall, G., Phillips, T., and Orr, A.: Strong wind events in the Antarctic, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D18103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011642, 2009.
Uotila, P., Lynch, A. H., Cassano, J. J., and Cullather, R. I.: Changes in Antarctic net precipitation in the 21st century based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model scenarios, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007482, 2007.
Urbini, S., Frezzotti, M., Gandolfi, S., Vincent, C., Scarchilli, C., Vittuari, L., and Fily, M.: Historical behaviour of Dome C and Talos Dome (East Antarctica) revealed by snow accumulation and ice velocity measurements, Global Planet. Changes, 60, 576–588, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.08.002, 2008.
van den Broeke, M. R., Bamber, J., Lenaerts, J., and Rignot, E.: Ice sheet and sea sevel: thinking outside the box, Surv. Geophys., 32, 495–505, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-011-9137-z, 2011.
van der Veen, C. J., Mosley-Thompson, E., Gow, A. J., and Mark, B. G.: Accumulation at South Pole: comparison of two 900-year records, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31067–31076, 1999a.
van der Veen, C. J., Whillans, I. M., and Gow, A. J.: On the frequency distribution of net annual snow accumulation at the South Pole, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 239–242, 1999b.
van Ommen, T. D. and Morgan, V.: Snowfall increase in coastal East Antarctica linked with southwest Western Australian drought, Nat. Geosci., 3, 267–272, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo761, 2010.
Varma, V., Prange, M., Lamy, F., Merkel, U., and Schulz, M.: Solar-forced shifts of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies during the Holocene, Clim. Past, 7, 339–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-339-2011, 2011.
Velicogna, I.: Increasing rates of ice mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets revealed by GRACE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L19503, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040222, 2009.
Verschuren, D., Laird, K. R., and Cumming, B. F.: Rainfall and drought in equatorial east Africa during the past 1,100 years, Nature, 403, 410–414, 2000.
Xiao, C., Mayewski, P. A., Qin, D., Li, Z., Zhang, M., and Yan, Y.: Sea level pressure variability over the southern Indian Ocean inferred from a glaciochemical record in Princess Elizabeth Land, east Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D16101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004065, 2004.
Zhang, M., Li, Z., Ren, J., Xiao, C., Qin, D., Kang, J., and Li, J.: 250 years of accumulation, oxygen isotope and chemical records in a firn core from Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica, J. Geogr. Sci., 16, 23–33, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-006-0103-5, 2006.
