We developed a new system to map and monitor snow and stored water across large mountain regions using satellite data and computer simulations. Tested in four major European river basins, the system reproduced snow conditions with high accuracy and realistically captured how snow changes with elevation. Because it does not rely on ground measurements, it can help provide consistent information on snow-water resources worldwide, supporting water management and climate adaptation.

On 16 Dec 2024, a frozen Himalayan glacial lake burst following rockfalls, triggering an "ice tsunami" and flash flood—the first well-documented winter glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF). As warming destabilizes slopes and weakens ice, such winter floods may increase. We urge heightened public awareness and call for future GLOF risk assessments and early-warning systems to include lake-ice condition as a key monitoring parameter under safety protocols.

Earthquakes can affect glaciers long after the shaking stops. We studied 169 ice avalanches from 1941 to 2022 and found that only nine happened on the same day as an earthquake; most occurred weeks to months later. Satellite observations of three Mount Gongga glaciers also showed fastest movement about one month after the 2022 Luding earthquake. We suggest that shaking briefly strengthens ice while also causing hidden damage, so collapse may occur only after this temporary effect fades.

This study compares the grounding line positions derived from COSMO SkyMed InSAR and ICESat-2 data over Antarctica. Three grounding zone indicators, F, I_b, and H, are evaluated against the DInSAR grounding line across 73 glaciers. Mean offsets are 177 ± 325 m (F), 40 ± 830 m (I_b), and 4508 ± 2731 m (H). Results show unexpected ordering (F > I_b), highlighting inconsistencies and the need for cross-validation in grounding line mapping.

The Arctic Ocean is expected to become seasonally ice-free within a few decades. Previous research using one climate model showed that a major climate pattern called the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) could narrow predictions of when this will happen. Using a broader selection of the latest climate models, we show the IPO is not a reliable predictor of ice-free timing. However, the IPO may still influence the rate and location of Arctic sea ice reduction over the next two decades.

This study explores the potential of the frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) method for investigating mountain permafrost environments such as rock glaciers. Although less accurate than electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), FDEM allows rapid measurements of subsurface electrical properties and requires much lower logistical effort, making it suitable for preliminary surveys in remote areas and for large-scale site characterization.

Glacier AX010 in Nepal, monitored since the 1970s, has been shrinking at an accelerating rate, mainly due to rising temperatures. Drone surveys, modeling, and reanalysis data show mass loss began in the early 1970s and intensified after 2000. While rising temperatures drive shrinkage, precipitation changes have neither accelerated nor mitigated mass loss. At the current rate, the glacier may disappear within 10–20 years.

This study reports the first-year Micro Rain Radar observations from Great Wall Station (March 2024–November 2025). Surface precipitation (snowfall) occurs 0.32 (0.23), and the radar signal changes little with height, indicating frequent shallow snowfall. Wind effects are weak below 10 m s^⁻¹ but strong at higher speeds, consistent with blowing snow affecting signals up to 0.7 km. A locally fitted radar reflectivity–snowfall rate relationship shows ERA5 underestimates cumulative snowfall.

Antarctic sea-ice thickness from satellites depends on how snow is treated. We compared four widely used CryoSat-2 radar products for winters 2013–2018 on the same map grid. All show similar large-scale patterns, but each gives systematically higher or lower values, with the biggest differences in the snowier western Weddell Sea. Year-to-year changes are similar across products, yet these offsets can shift thickness estimates, so users should account for product choice and snow assumptions.

We present a network of 26 sensors measuring snow water equivalent through cosmic rays across the Italian Alps. We study the application of a parameterisation shared by all the probes. The parameters were defined and validated with data taken during two seasons at 13 sites. We show that the parameterisation gives a good estimate of the water equivalent. This finding can contribute to expand data availability by installing similar probes in sites at high elevations and in inaccessible locations.

When stressed ice can break, resulting crevasses. Crevasses are not only safety hazards, but also the precursors to iceberg calving and ice shelf collapse.  John Nye provided one of the earliest and still widely used estimates of crevasse penetration depths in the 1950s. Recently, a new theory called the Horizontal Force Balance, challenges Nye's assumptions and predicts crevasses will penetrate deeper than in Nye’s theory. Here we use numerical simulations to show that Nye was right.

Glaciers in the European Alps are shrinking rapidly due to climate change. We developed a new open-source method to estimate where ice is gained or lost on glacier surfaces using satellite data and computer models. Our results agree well with direct field measurements. This approach helps to better track how glaciers respond to warming and improves projections of their future evolution.