Articles | Volume 9, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2323-2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2323-2015
Research article
 | 
11 Dec 2015
Research article |  | 11 Dec 2015

Soot on Snow experiment: bidirectional reflectance factor measurements of contaminated snow

J. I. Peltoniemi, M. Gritsevich, T. Hakala, P. Dagsson-Waldhauserová, Ó. Arnalds, K. Anttila, H.-R. Hannula, N. Kivekäs, H. Lihavainen, O. Meinander, J. Svensson, A. Virkkula, and G. de Leeuw

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Cited articles

Aoki, T., Aoki, T., Fukabori, M., Hachikubo, A., Tachibana, Y., and Nishio, F.: Effects of snow physical parameters on spectral albedo and bidirectional reflectance of snow, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 10219–10236, 2000.
Bisiaux, M. M., Edwards, R., McConnell, J. R., Albert, M. R., Anschütz, H., Neumann, T. A., Isaksson, E., and Penner, J. E.: Variability of black carbon deposition to the East Antarctic Plateau, 1800–2000 AD, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3799–3808, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3799-2012, 2012.
Bourgeois, C. S., Calanca, P., and Ohmura, A.: A field study of the hemispherical directional reflectance factor and spectral albedo of dry snow, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D20108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007296, 2006.
Brandt, R. E., Warren, S. G., and Clarke, A. D.: A controlled snowmaking experiment testing the relation between black carbon content and reduction of snow albedo, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D08109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015330, 2011.
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Short summary
Light-absorbing impurities change the reflectance of snow in different ways. Some particles are heated by the Sun and they sink out of sight. During the process, snow may look darker than pure snow when observed by nadir, but at larger view zenith angles the snow may look as white as clean snow. Thus an observer on the ground may overestimate the albedo, while a satellite underestimates the albedo. Climate studies need to examine how the contaminants behave in snow, not only their total amounts.