This study monitors changes in frozen rock on Mount Zugspitze over 17 years using monthly electrical resistivity measurements. By linking this data to rock temperature and applying advanced analysis, it reveals a 40 % loss of permafrost in the past decade. Thawing accelerates during summer, highlighting increasing risks of rock instability as temperatures rise.

Understanding snowpack wetness is key to predicting wet snow avalanche releases, but detailed data is often limited. Using satellite radar, we monitored snowmelt over several seasons. We extracted a wet snow ratio threshold where the change from dry to wet snow avalanche dominated conditions is expected. By using local resolution weighting composites, we improved spatial resolution and showed our product to be more feasible for use in practice than the publicly available SAR Wet Snow layer.

Arctic sea ice is thinning, but its height above the ocean is still hard to measure, especially in summer when melt ponds can look like open water from space. We developed a method that uses laser measurements from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 and nearby satellite images to better separate ice from open water. It captures small ridges more clearly, improves lead detection, and provides year-round freeboard maps that can support better estimates of ice thickness.