Articles | Volume 15, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-133-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-133-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Jan 2021
Research article |
| 13 Jan 2021
| 13 Jan 2021
Spectral characterization, radiative forcing and pigment content of coastal Antarctic snow algae: approaches to spectrally discriminate red and green communities and their impact on snowmelt
Department of Environmental Sciences, Huxley College of the
Environment, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO,
USA
Heidi M. Dierssen
Department of Marine Sciences and Geography, University of
Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA
Ted A. Scambos
Earth Science and Observation Center, Cooperative Institute for
Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado – Boulder,
Boulder, CO, USA
Juan Höfer
Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de
Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas
Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
Raul R. Cordero
Department of Physics, University of Santiago, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins
3363, Santiago, Chile
Related authors
Alia L. Khan, Peng Xian, and Joshua P. Schwarz
The Cryosphere, 17, 2909–2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2909-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2909-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice–albedo feedbacks in the ablation region of the Greenland Ice Sheet are difficult to constrain and model. Surface samples were collected across the 2014 summer melt season from different ice surface colors. On average, concentrations were higher in patches that were visibly dark, compared to medium patches and light patches, suggesting that black carbon aggregation contributed to snow aging, and vice versa. High concentrations are likely due to smoke transport from high-latitude wildfires.
Alex S. Gardner, Chad A. Greene, Joseph H. Kennedy, Mark A. Fahnestock, Maria Liukis, Luis A. López, Yang Lei, Ted A. Scambos, and Amaury Dehecq
The Cryosphere, 19, 3517–3533, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3517-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3517-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The NASA MEaSUREs Inter-mission Time Series of Land Ice Velocity and Elevation (ITS_LIVE) project provides glacier and ice sheet velocity products for the full Landsat, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2 satellite archives and will soon include data from the NISAR satellite. This paper describes the ITS_LIVE processing chain and gives guidance for working with the cloud-optimized glacier and ice sheet velocity products.
Simone Pulimeno, Angelo Lupi, Vito Vitale, Claudia Frangipani, Carlos Toledano, Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Christoph Ritter, Sandra Graßl, Kerstin Stebel, Vitali Fioletov, Ihab Abboud, Sandra Blindheim, Lynn Ma, Norm O’Neill, Piotr Sobolewski, Pawan Gupta, Elena Lind, Thomas F. Eck, Antti Hyvärinen, Veijo Aaltonen, Rigel Kivi, Janae Csavina, Dmitry Kabanov, Sergey M. Sakerin, Olga R. Sidorova, Robert S. Stone, Hagen Telg, Laura Riihimaki, Raul R. Cordero, Martin Radenz, Ronny Engelmann, Michel Van Roozendal, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Philippe Goloub, Junji Hisamitsu, and Mauro Mazzola
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2527, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2527, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed aerosols optical properties over the Arctic and Antarctic to measure them even during long periods of darkness. It found that pollution in the Arctic is decreasing, likely due to European emission regulations, while wildfires are becoming a more important source of particles. In Antarctica, particle levels are higher near the coast than inland, and vary by season. These results help us better understand how air pollution and climate are changing at the Earth’s poles.
Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Carl P. Spingys, Andrew J. Lucas, Tiago S. Dotto, Christian T. Wild, Scott W. Tyler, Ted A. Scambos, Christopher B. Kratt, Ethan F. Williams, Mariona Claret, Hannah E. Glover, Meagan E. Wengrove, Madison M. Smith, Michael G. Baker, Giuseppe Marra, Max Tamussino, Zitong Feng, David Lloyd, Liam Taylor, Mikael Mazur, Maria-Daphne Mangriotis, Aaron Micallef, Jennifer Ward Neale, Oleg A. Godin, Matthew H. Alford, Emma P. M. Gregory, Michael A. Clare, Angel Ruiz Angulo, Kathryn L. Gunn, Ben I. Moat, Isobel A. Yeo, Alessandro Silvano, Arthur Hartog, and Mohammad Belal
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3624, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Ocean Science (OS).
Short summary
Short summary
Distributed optical fibre sensing (DOFS) is a technology that enables continuous, real-time measurements of environmental parameters along a fibre optic cable. Here, we review the recently emerged applications of DOFS in physical oceanography, and offer a perspective on the technology’s potential for future growth in the field.
Laurel A. Sindewald, Ryan Lagerquist, Matthew D. Cross, Theodore A. Scambos, Peter J. Anthamatten, and Diana F. Tomback
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-970, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-970, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used high-resolution satellite imagery and artificial intelligence models to identify six tree and shrub species commonly found at alpine treeline in the Rocky Mountains with accuracies from 44.1% to 86.2%. We are the first to attempt species identification using satellite imagery in treeline systems, where trees are small and difficult to identify remotely. Our work provides a method to identify species with satellite imagery over a broader geographic range than can be achieved with drones.
Christian T. Wild, Tasha Snow, Tiago S. Dotto, Peter E. D. Davis, Scott Tyler, Ted A. Scambos, Erin C. Pettit, and Karen J. Heywood
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1675, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1675, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Thwaites Glacier is retreating due to warm ocean water melting it from below, but its thick ice shelf makes this heat hard to monitor. Using hot water drilling, we placed sensors beneath the floating ice, revealing how surface freezing in Pine Island Bay influences heat at depth. Alongside gradual warming, we found bursts of heat that could speed up melting at the grounding zone, which may become more common as sea ice declines.
Shenjie Zhou, Pierre Dutrieux, Claudia F. Giulivi, Adrian Jenkins, Alessandro Silvano, Christopher Auckland, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Michael P. Meredith, Irena Vaňková, Keith W. Nicholls, Peter E. D. Davis, Svein Østerhus, Arnold L. Gordon, Christopher J. Zappa, Tiago S. Dotto, Theodore A. Scambos, Kathyrn L. Gunn, Stephen R. Rintoul, Shigeru Aoki, Craig Stevens, Chengyan Liu, Sukyoung Yun, Tae-Wan Kim, Won Sang Lee, Markus Janout, Tore Hattermann, Julius Lauber, Elin Darelius, Anna Wåhlin, Leo Middleton, Pasquale Castagno, Giorgio Budillon, Karen J. Heywood, Jennifer Graham, Stephen Dye, Daisuke Hirano, and Una Kim Miller
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-54, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-54, 2025
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
We created the first standardised dataset of in-situ ocean measurements time series from around Antarctica collected since 1970s. This includes temperature, salinity, pressure, and currents recorded by instruments deployed in icy, challenging conditions. Our analysis highlights the dominance of tidal currents and separates these from other patterns to study regional energy distribution. This unique dataset offers a foundation for future research on Antarctic ocean dynamics and ice interactions.
Germar H. Bernhard, George T. Janson, Scott Simpson, Raúl R. Cordero, Edgardo I. Sepúlveda Araya, Jose Jorquera, Juan A. Rayas, and Randall N. Lind
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 819–841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-819-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-819-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Several publications have reported that total column ozone (TCO) may oscillate during solar eclipses, whereas other researchers have not seen evidence of such fluctuations. Here, we try to resolve these contradictions by measuring variations in TCO during three solar eclipses. In all instances, the variability in TCO was within natural variability. We conclude that solar eclipses do not lead to measurable variations in TCO, drawing into question reports of much larger changes found in the past.
Jana Krause, Dustin Carroll, Juan Höfer, Jeremy Donaire, Eric P. Achterberg, Emilio Alarcón, Te Liu, Lorenz Meire, Kechen Zhu, and Mark J. Hopwood
The Cryosphere, 18, 5735–5752, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5735-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5735-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we analysed calved ice samples from both the Arctic and Antarctic to assess the variability in the composition of iceberg meltwater. Our results suggest that low concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in ice are primarily from the ice matrix, whereas sediment-rich layers impart a low concentration of silica and modest concentrations of iron and manganese. At a global scale, there are very limited differences in the nutrient composition of ice.
Gabriela Collao-Barrios, Ted A. Scambos, Christian T. Wild, Martin Truffer, Karen E. Alley, and Erin C. Pettit
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1895, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1895, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Destabilization of ice shelves frequently leads to significant acceleration and greater mass loss, affecting rates of sea level rise. Our results show a relation between tides, flow direction, and grounding-zone acceleration that result from changing stresses in the ice margins and around a nunatak in Dotson Ice Shelf. The study describes a new way tides can influence ice shelf dynamics, an effect that could become more common as ice shelves thin and weaken around Antarctica.
Naomi E. Ochwat, Ted A. Scambos, Alison F. Banwell, Robert S. Anderson, Michelle L. Maclennan, Ghislain Picard, Julia A. Shates, Sebastian Marinsek, Liliana Margonari, Martin Truffer, and Erin C. Pettit
The Cryosphere, 18, 1709–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1709-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
On the Antarctic Peninsula, there is a small bay that had sea ice fastened to the shoreline (
fast ice) for over a decade. The fast ice stabilized the glaciers that fed into the ocean. In January 2022, the fast ice broke away. Using satellite data we found that this was because of low sea ice concentrations and a high long-period ocean wave swell. We find that the glaciers have responded to this event by thinning, speeding up, and retreating by breaking off lots of icebergs at remarkable rates.
Raúl R. Cordero, Sarah Feron, Alessandro Damiani, Pedro J. Llanillo, Jorge Carrasco, Alia L. Khan, Richard Bintanja, Zutao Ouyang, and Gino Casassa
The Cryosphere, 17, 4995–5006, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4995-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4995-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the response of Antarctic sea ice to year-to-year changes in the tropospheric–stratospheric dynamics. Our findings suggest that, by affecting the tropospheric westerlies, the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex has played a major role in recent record-breaking anomalies in Antarctic sea ice.
Alia L. Khan, Peng Xian, and Joshua P. Schwarz
The Cryosphere, 17, 2909–2918, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2909-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2909-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice–albedo feedbacks in the ablation region of the Greenland Ice Sheet are difficult to constrain and model. Surface samples were collected across the 2014 summer melt season from different ice surface colors. On average, concentrations were higher in patches that were visibly dark, compared to medium patches and light patches, suggesting that black carbon aggregation contributed to snow aging, and vice versa. High concentrations are likely due to smoke transport from high-latitude wildfires.
Inès N. Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Erik R. Ivins, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Charles Amory, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Martin Horwath, Ian Joughin, Michalea D. King, Gerhard Krinner, Sophie Nowicki, Anthony J. Payne, Eric Rignot, Ted Scambos, Karen M. Simon, Benjamin E. Smith, Louise S. Sørensen, Isabella Velicogna, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Geruo A, Cécile Agosta, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Alejandro Blazquez, William Colgan, Marcus E. Engdahl, Xavier Fettweis, Rene Forsberg, Hubert Gallée, Alex Gardner, Lin Gilbert, Noel Gourmelen, Andreas Groh, Brian C. Gunter, Christopher Harig, Veit Helm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Christoph Kittel, Hannes Konrad, Peter L. Langen, Benoit S. Lecavalier, Chia-Chun Liang, Bryant D. Loomis, Malcolm McMillan, Daniele Melini, Sebastian H. Mernild, Ruth Mottram, Jeremie Mouginot, Johan Nilsson, Brice Noël, Mark E. Pattle, William R. Peltier, Nadege Pie, Mònica Roca, Ingo Sasgen, Himanshu V. Save, Ki-Weon Seo, Bernd Scheuchl, Ernst J. O. Schrama, Ludwig Schröder, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Slater, Giorgio Spada, Tyler C. Sutterley, Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, Jan Melchior van Wessem, David Wiese, Wouter van der Wal, and Bert Wouters
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By measuring changes in the volume, gravitational attraction, and ice flow of Greenland and Antarctica from space, we can monitor their mass gain and loss over time. Here, we present a new record of the Earth’s polar ice sheet mass balance produced by aggregating 50 satellite-based estimates of ice sheet mass change. This new assessment shows that the ice sheets have lost (7.5 x 1012) t of ice between 1992 and 2020, contributing 21 mm to sea level rise.
Michelle L. Maclennan, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Christine A. Shields, Andrew O. Hoffman, Nander Wever, Megan Thompson-Munson, Andrew C. Winters, Erin C. Pettit, Theodore A. Scambos, and Jonathan D. Wille
The Cryosphere, 17, 865–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-865-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-865-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric rivers are air masses that transport large amounts of moisture and heat towards the poles. Here, we use a combination of weather observations and models to quantify the amount of snowfall caused by atmospheric rivers in West Antarctica which is about 10 % of the total snowfall each year. We then examine a unique event that occurred in early February 2020, when three atmospheric rivers made landfall over West Antarctica in rapid succession, leading to heavy snowfall and surface melt.
Alessandro Damiani, Hitoshi Irie, Dmitry A. Belikov, Shuei Kaizuka, Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, and Raul R. Cordero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12705–12726, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the variabilities in tropospheric gases and aerosols within the Greater Tokyo Area, Japan. Beyond highlighting air quality changes caused by the pandemic during the lockdown, we found that the degree of weekly cycling of most gases and aerosols was enhanced during the whole of 2020. The changes were unprecedented in recent years and potentially related to coincident reduced mobility in Japan, which, in contrast to other countries, was anomalously low on weekends in 2020.
Alexandre Castagna, Luz Amadei Martínez, Margarita Bogorad, Ilse Daveloose, Renaat Dasseville, Heidi Melita Dierssen, Matthew Beck, Jonas Mortelmans, Héloïse Lavigne, Ana Dogliotti, David Doxaran, Kevin Ruddick, Wim Vyverman, and Koen Sabbe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2697–2719, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2697-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2697-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here we describe a dataset of optical measurements paired with the concentration and composition of dissolved and particulate components of water systems in Belgium. Sampling was performed over eight lakes, a coastal lagoon, an estuary, and coastal waters, covering the period of 2017 to 2019. The data cover a broad range of conditions and can be useful for development and evaluation of hyperspectral methods in hydrology optics and remote sensing.
Christian T. Wild, Karen E. Alley, Atsuhiro Muto, Martin Truffer, Ted A. Scambos, and Erin C. Pettit
The Cryosphere, 16, 397–417, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-397-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-397-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Thwaites Glacier has the potential to significantly raise Antarctica's contribution to global sea-level rise by the end of this century. Here, we use satellite measurements of surface elevation to show that its floating part is close to losing contact with an underwater ridge that currently acts to stabilize. We then use computer models of ice flow to simulate the predicted unpinning, which show that accelerated ice discharge into the ocean follows the breakup of the floating part.
Karen E. Alley, Christian T. Wild, Adrian Luckman, Ted A. Scambos, Martin Truffer, Erin C. Pettit, Atsuhiro Muto, Bruce Wallin, Marin Klinger, Tyler Sutterley, Sarah F. Child, Cyrus Hulen, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Michelle Maclennan, Eric Keenan, and Devon Dunmire
The Cryosphere, 15, 5187–5203, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5187-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5187-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 20-year, satellite-based record of velocity and thickness change on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS), the largest remaining floating extension of Thwaites Glacier (TG). TG holds the single greatest control on sea-level rise over the next few centuries, so it is important to understand changes on the TEIS, which controls much of TG's flow into the ocean. Our results suggest that the TEIS is progressively destabilizing and is likely to disintegrate over the next few decades.
Cited articles
Amesbury, M. J., Roland, T. P., Royles, J., Hodgson, D. A., Convey, P.,
Griffiths, H. and Charman, D. J.: Widespread Biological Response to Rapid
Warming on the Antarctic Peninsula, Curr. Biol., 21, 1–7,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.034, 2017.
Benning, L. G., Anesio, A. M., Lutz, S., and Tranter, M.: Biological impact
on Greenland's albedo, Nat. Geosci., 7, 691–691, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2260,
2014.
Bidigare, R. R., Ondrusek, M. E., Kennicutt II, M. C., Iturriaga, R., Harvey, H. R., Hoham, R. W., and Macko, S. A.: Evidence a photoprotective for
secondary carotenoids of snow algae, J. Phycol., 29, 427–434, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1993.tb00143.x, 1993.
Booth, C. R., Lucas, T. B., Morrow, J. H., Weiler, C. S., and Penhale, P. A.: The United States National Science Foundation's polar network for monitoring ultraviolet radiation, Antarc. Res. Ser., edited by: Weiler, C. S. and Penhale, P. A., 62, 17–37, 1994.
Bryant, A. C., Painter, T. H., Deems, J. S., and Bender, S. M.: Impact of
dust radiative forcing in snow on accuracy of operational runoff prediction
in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3945–3949,
https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50773, 2013.
Castagna, A., Johnson, B. C., Voss, K., Dierssen, H. M., Patrick, H., Germer, T. A., Sabbe, K., and Vyverman, W.: Uncertainty in global downwelling plane irradiance estimates from sintered polytetrafluoroethylene plaque radiance measurements, Appl. Optics, 58, 4497–4511, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.004497, 2019.
Cohen, J.: Snow cover and climate, Weather, 49, 150–156,
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1994.tb05997.x, 1994.
Cook, J. M., Hodson, A. J., Gardner, A. S., Flanner, M., Tedstone, A. J., Williamson, C., Irvine-Fynn, T. D. L., Nilsson, J., Bryant, R., and Tranter, M.: Quantifying bioalbedo: a new physically based model and discussion of empirical methods for characterising biological influence on ice and snow albedo, The Cryosphere, 11, 2611–2632, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2611-2017, 2017.
Cordero, R. R., Damiani, A., Ferrer, J., Jorquera, J., Tobar, M., Labbe, F.,
Carrasco, J., and Laroze, D.: UV irradiance and albedo at Union Glacier Camp
(Antarctica): A case study, PLoS One, 9, 3,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090705, 2014.
Davey, M. P., Norman, L., Sterk, P., Huete-Ortega, M., Bunbury, F., Loh, B.
K. W., Stockton, S., Peck, L. S., Convey, P., Newsham, K. K., and Smith, A.
G.: Snow algae communities in Antarctica: metabolic and taxonomic
composition, New Phytol., 222, 1242–1255, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15701, 2019.
Dial, R. J., Ganey, G. Q., and Skiles, S. M. K.: What color should glacier
algae be? An ecological role for red carbon in the cryosphere, FEMS
Microbiol. Ecol., 94, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy007, 2018.
Dierssen, H. M. and Randolph, K.: Remote Sensing of Ocean Color. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 25 pp., available at: http://www.springerreference.com/index/chapterdbid/310809 (last access: 10 June 2020), 2013.
Dierssen, H. M., Vernet, M., and Smith, R. C.: Optimizing models for remotely
estimating primary production in Antarctic coastal waters, Antarct. Sci.,
12, 20–32, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102000000043, 2000.
Dierssen, H. M., Smith, R. C., and Vernet, M.: Glacial meltwater dynamics in
coastal waters west of the Antarctic peninsula, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 1790–1795, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.032206999, 2002.
European Space Agency: Spectral Response Function Technical Document, available at: https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/technical-guides/sentinel-3-olci/olci-instrument/spectral-response-function-data (last access: 10 June 2020), 2017.
Flanner, M. G., Zender, C. S., Randerson, J. T., and Rasch, P. J.:
Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow, J.
Geophys. Res., 112, D11202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD008003, 2007.
Fretwell, P. T., Convey, P., Fleming, A. H., Peat, H. J., and Hughes, K. A.:
Detecting and mapping vegetation distribution on the Antarctic Peninsula
from remote sensing data, Polar Biol., 34, 273–281,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0880-2, 2011.
Ganey, G. Q., Loso, M. G., Burgess, A. B., and Dial, R. J.: The role of
microbes in snowmelt and radiative forcing on an Alaskan icefield, Nat.
Geosci., 10, 754–759, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO3027, 2017.
Gautier, C. and Landsfeld, M.: Surface solar radiation flux and cloud
radiative forcing for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern
Great Plains (SGP): A satellite, surface observations, and radiative
transfer model study, J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1289–1307,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<1289:SSRFAC>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Gorton, H. L., Williams, W. E., and Vogelmann, T. C.: The Light Environment
and Cellular Optics of the Snow Alga Chlamydomonas nivalis (Bauer)
Wille, Photochem. Photobiol., 73, 611–620,
https://doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655, 2001.
Gray, A., Krolikowski, M., Fretwell, P., Convey, P., Peck, L. S., Mendelova,
M., Smith, A. G., and Davey, M. P.: Remote sensing reveals Antarctic green
snow algae as important terrestrial carbon sink, Nat. Commun., 11, 2527,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16018-w, 2020.
Grinde, B.: Vertical distribution of the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis
(Chlorophyta, Volvocales), Polar Biol., 2, 159–162,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00448965, 1983.
Gutt, J., Isla, E., Bertler, A. N., Bodeker, G. E., Bracegirdle, T. J.,
Cavanagh, R. D., Comiso, J. C., Convey, P., Cummings, V., De Conto, R., De
Master, D., di Prisco, G., d'Ovidio, F., Griffiths, H. J., Khan, A. L.,
López-Martínez, J., Murray, A. E., Nielsen, U. N., Ott, S., Post,
A., Ropert-Coudert, Y., Saucède, T., Scherer, R., Schiaparelli, S.,
Schloss, I. R., Smith, C. R., Stefels, J., Stevens, C., Strugnell, J. M.,
Trimborn, S., Verde, C., Verleyen, E., Wall, D. H., Wilson, N. G., and
Xavier, J. C.: Cross-disciplinarity in the advance of Antarctic ecosystem
research, Mar. Genomics, 37, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margen.2017.09.006,
2018.
Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., and Lo, K.: Global surface temperature
change, Rev. Geophys., 48, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010RG000345, 2010.
Hisakawa, N., Quistad, S. D., Hester, E. R., Martynova, D., Maughan, H.,
Sala, E., Gavrilo, M. V., and Rohwer, F.: Metagenomic and satellite analyses
of red snow in the Russian Arctic, PeerJ, 3, e1491, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1491,
2015.
Hodson, A.: Biogeochemistry of snowmelt in an Antarctic glacial ecosystem,
Water Resour. Res., 42, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004311, 2006.
Hodson, A. J., Nowak, A., Cook, J., Sabacka, M., Wharfe, E. S., Pearce, D.
A., Convey, P., and Vieira, G.: Microbes influence the biogeochemical and
optical properties of maritime Antarctic snow, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 122, 1456–1470, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003694, 2017.
Hoham, R. W. and Remias, D.: Snow and Glacial Algae: A Review1, J. Phycol.,
56, 264–282, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12952, 2020.
Hueni, A., Damm, A., Kneubuehler, M., Schläpfer, D., and Schaepman, M. E.: Field and airborne spectroscopy
cross validation – Some considerations, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens., 10, 1117–1135, 2016.
Huovinen, P., Ramírez, J., and Gómez, I.: Remote sensing of
albedo-reducing snow algae and impurities in the Maritime Antarctica, ISPRS
J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 146, 507–517,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.10.015, 2018.
Huss, M. and Farinotti, D.: A high-resolution bedrock map for the Antarctic Peninsula, The Cryosphere, 8, 1261–1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1261-2014, 2014.
Khan, A.: Red and Green Snow Algae Surface Spectra, U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP) Data Center, https://doi.org/10.15784/601412, 2020.
Khan, A. L., Dierssen, H., Schwarz, J. P., Schmitt, C., Chlus, A., Hermanson, M., Painter, T. H., and McKnight, D. M.: Impacts of coal dust from an active mine on the spectral reflectance of arctic surface snow in Svalbard, Norway, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 1767–1778, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025757, 2017.
Khan, A. L., Klein, A. G., Katich, J. M., and Xian, P.: Local Emissions and
Regional Wildfires Influence Refractory Black Carbon Observations Near
Palmer Station, Antarctica, Front. Earth Sci., 7, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00049, 2019.
Kirk, D. L.: Seeking the ultimate and proximate causes of Volvox
multicellularity and cellular differentiation, Integr. Comp. Biol., 43,
247–253, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/43.2.247, 1991.
Lee, J. R., Raymond, B., Bracegirdle, T. J., Chadès, I., Fuller, R. A.,
Shaw, J. D., and Terauds, A.: Climate change drives expansion of Antarctic
ice-free habitat, Nature, 547, 49–54, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22996, 2017.
Ling, H. U. and Seppelt, R. D.: Snow algae of the Windmill Islands,
continental Antarctica. Mesotaenium berggrenii (Zygnematales, Chlorophyta)
the alga of grey snow, Antarct. Sci., 2, 143–148,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102090000189, 1993.
Lutz, S., Anesio, A. M., Raiswell, R., Edwards, A., Newton, R. J., Gill, F.,
and Benning, L. G.: The biogeography of red snow microbiomes and their role
in melting arctic glaciers, Nat. Commun., 7, 11968,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11968, 2016.
Mauro, B. Di, Fava, F., Ferrero, L., Garzonio, R., Baccolo, G., Delmonte, B.,
and Colombo, R.: Mineral dust impact on snow radiative properties in the European Alps combining ground, UAV, and satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 175, 238, https://doi.org/10.1038/175238c0, 2015.
Mobley, C. D.: Estimation of the remote-sensing reflectance from
above-surface measurements, Appl. Optics, 38, 7442–7455, 1999.
Myers-Smith, I. H., Kerby, J. T., Phoenix, G. K., Bjerke, J. W., Epstein, H.
E., Assmann, J. J., John, C., Andreu-Hayles, L., Angers-Blondin, S., Beck,
P. S. A., Berner, L. T., Bhatt, U. S., Bjorkman, A. D., Blok, D., Bryn, A.,
Christiansen, C. T., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Cunliffe, A. M., Elmendorf, S.
C., Forbes, B. C., Goetz, S. J., Hollister, R. D., de Jong, R., Loranty, M.
M., Macias-Fauria, M., Maseyk, K., Normand, S., Olofsson, J., Parker, T. C.,
Parmentier, F. J. W., Post, E., Schaepman-Strub, G., Stordal, F., Sullivan,
P. F., Thomas, H. J. D., Tømmervik, H., Treharne, R., Tweedie, C. E.,
Walker, D. A., Wilmking, M., and Wipf, S.: Complexity revealed in the
greening of the Arctic, Nat. Clim. Chang., 10, 106–117,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0688-1, 2020.
Myhre, G., Shindell, D., Bréon, F.-M., Collins, W., Fuglestvedt, J., Huang, J., Koch, D., Lamarque, J.-F., Lee, D., Mendoza, B., Nakajima, T., Robock, A., Stephens, G., Takemura, T., and Zhang, H.: Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Doschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 659–740, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.018, 2013.
Painter, T. H., Duval, B., Thomas, W. H., Mendez, M., Heintzelman, S., and
Dozier, J.: Detection and Quantification of Snow Algae with an Airborne
Imaging Spectrometer, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 5267–5272,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.11.5267-5272.2001, 2001.
Painter, T. H., Skiles, S. M. K., Deems, J. S., Bryant, A. C., and Landry, C.
C.: Dust radiative forcing in snow of the Upper Colorado River Basin: 1. A 6
year record of energy balance, radiation, and dust concentrations, Water
Resour. Res., 48, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR011985, 2012.
Parsons, T. R., Maita, Y., and Lalli, C. M.: 4.1 – Determination of
Chlorophylls and Total Carotenoids: Spectrophotometric Method, in: A Manual
of Chemical & Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis, edited by:
Parsons, T. R., Maita, Y., and Lalli, C. M., pp. 101–104, Pergamon, Amsterdam,
1984.
Remias, D., Lütz-Meindl, U., and Lütz, C.: Photosynthesis, pigments and ultrastructure of the alpine snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis, Eur. J. Phycol., 40, 259–268, https://doi.org/10.1080/09670260500202148, 2005.
Rivas, C., Navarro, N., Huovinen, P., and Gómez, I.: Photosynthetic UV
stress tolerance of the Antarctic snow alga Chlorella sp. modified by
enhanced temperature?, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 89, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-016-0050-1, 2016.
Robinson, S. A., Klekociuk, A. R., King, D. H., Pizarro Rojas, M.,
Zúñiga, G. E., and Bergstrom, D. M.: The 2019/2020 summer of
Antarctic heatwaves, Glob. Chang. Biol., 26, 3178–3180,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15083, 2020.
Rowe, P. M., Cordero, R. R., Warren, S. G., Stewart, E., Doherty, S. J.,
Pankow, A., Schrempf, M., Casassa, G., Carrasco, J., Pizarro, J., MacDonell,
S., Damiani, A., Lambert, F., Rondanelli, R., Huneeus, N., Fernandoy, F., and
Neshyba, S.: Black carbon and other light-absorbing impurities in snow in
the Chilean Andes, Sci. Rep.-UK, 9, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39312-0,
2019.
Segawa, T., Matsuzaki, R., Takeuchi, N., Akiyoshi, A., Navarro, F.,
Sugiyama, S., Yonezawa, T., and Mori, H.: Bipolar dispersal of red-snow
algae, Nat. Commun., 9, 3094, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05521-w, 2018.
Skiles, S. M. and Painter, T. H.: Toward Understanding Direct Absorption and
Grain Size Feedbacks by Dust Radiative Forcing in Snow With Coupled Snow
Physical and Radiative Transfer Modeling, Water Resour. Res., 55,
7362–7378, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018wr024573, 2019.
Skiles, S. M. K., Flanner, M., Cook, J. M., Dumont, M., and Painter, T. H.:
Radiative forcing by light-absorbing particles in snow, Nat. Clim. Chang.,
8, 964–971, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0296-5, 2018.
Stamnes, K., Li, W., Eide, H., Aoki, T., Hori, M., and Storvold, R.:
ADEOS-II/GLI snow/ice products – Part I: Scientific basis, Remote Sens.
Environ., 111, 258–273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.023,
2007.
Steig, E. J., Schneider, D. P., Rutherford, S. D., Mann, M. E., Comiso, J.
C., and Shindell, D. T.: Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the
1957 International Geophysical Year, Nature, 457, 459–462,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07669, 2009.
Stibal, M., Box, J. E., Cameron, K. A., Langen, P. L., Yallop, M. L., M.,
H., R., Khan, A. L., Molotch, N. P., Chrismas, N. A. M., Quaglia, F. C.,
Remias, D., Paul, C. J. P., Van den Broeke, M., Ryan, J., Hubbard, A.,
Tranter, M., van As, D., and Ahlstrøm, A.: Algae Drive Enhanced
Darkening of Bare Ice on the Greenland Ice Sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44,
463–471, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075958, 2017.
Takeuchi, N., Dial, R., Kohshima, S., Segawa, T., and Uetake, J.: Spatial
distribution and abundance of red snow algae on the Harding Icefield ,
Alaska derived from a satellite image, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33,
1–6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027819, 2006.
Tedesco, M., Doherty, S., Fettweis, X., Alexander, P., Jeyaratnam, J., and Stroeve, J.: The darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: trends, drivers, and projections (1981–2100), The Cryosphere, 10, 477–496, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-477-2016, 2016.
Thomas, W. H.: OBSERVATIONS ON SNOW ALGAE IN CALIFORNIA1, 2, J. Phycol., 8, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1972.tb03994.x, 1972.
Turner, J., Colwell, S. R., Marshall, G. J., Lachlan-Cope, T. A., Carleton,
A. M., Jones, P. D., Lagun, V., Reid, P. A., and Iagovkina, S.: Antarctic
climate change during the last 50 years, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 279–294,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1130, 2005.
Turner, J., Comiso, J. C., Marshall, G. J., Lachlan-Cope, T. A.,
Bracegirdle, T., Maksym, T., Meredith, M. P., Wang, Z., and Orr, A.:
Non-annular atmospheric circulation change induced by stratospheric ozone
depletion and its role in the recent increase of Antarctic sea ice extent,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037524, 2009.
Turner, J., Barrand, N. E., Bracegirdle, T. J., Convey, P., Hodgson, D. A.,
Jarvis, M., Jenkins, A., Marshall, G., Meredith, M. P., Roscoe, H.,
Shanklin, J., French, J., Goosse, H., Guglielmin, M., Gutt, J., Jacobs, S.,
Kennicutt, M. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Mayewski, P., Navarro, F., Robinson,
S., Scambos, T., Sparrow, M., Summerhayes, C., Speer, K., and Klepikov, A.:
Antarctic climate change and the environment: an update, Polar Rec. (Gr.
Brit)., 50, 237–259, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247413000296, 2014.
Turner, J., Lu, H., White, I., King, J. C., Phillips, T., Hosking, J. S.,
Bracegirdle, T. J., Marshall, G. J., Mulvaney, R., and Deb, P.: Absence of
21st century warming on Antarctic Peninsula consistent with natural
variability, Nature, 535, 411–415, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18645, 2016.
Vaughan, D. G., Marshall, G. J., Connolley, W. M., Parkinson, C., Mulvaney,
R., Hodgson, D. A., King, J. C., Pudsey, C. J., and Turner, J.: Recent rapid
regional climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula, Clim. Change, 60,
243–274, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026021217991, 2003.
Vernet, M. and Lorenzen, C. J.: The presence of chlorophyll b and the
estimation of phaeopigments in marine phytoplankton, J. Plankton Res., 9,
255–265, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/9.2.255, 1987.
Wang, S., Tedesco, M., Xu, M., and Alexander, P. M.: Mapping ice algal blooms in southwest Greenland from space, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 11779–11788, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080455, 2018.
Warren, S. G.: Can black carbon in snow be detected by remote sensing?, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 779–786, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018476, 2013.
Warren, S. G. and Wiscombe, W. J.: A Model for the Spectral Albedo of Snow. I:
Pure Snow, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2712–2733, 1980.
Williams, M. W. and Melack, J. M.: Solute chemistry of snowmelt and runoff
in an Alpine Basin, Sierra Nevada, Water Resour. Res., 27, 1575–1588,
https://doi.org/10.1029/90WR02774, 1991.
Zimmerman, R. C.: A biooptical model of irradiance distribution and
photosynthesis in seagrass canopies, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48, 568–585,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.1_part_2.0568, 2003.
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(1771 KB) - Full-text XML
Short summary
We present radiative forcing (RF) estimates by snow algae in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region from multi-year measurements of solar radiation and ground-based hyperspectral characterization of red and green snow algae collected during a brief field expedition in austral summer 2018. Mean daily RF was double for green (~26 W m−2) vs. red (~13 W m−2) snow algae during the peak growing season, which is on par with midlatitude dust attributions capable of advancing snowmelt.
We present radiative forcing (RF) estimates by snow algae in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region...
