Articles | Volume 14, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-131-2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-131-2020
Research article
 | 
17 Jan 2020
Research article |  | 17 Jan 2020

Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 2: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks

Philipp L. Rosendahl and Philipp Weißgraeber

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Cited articles

2phi: Weak layer anticrack nucleation model, available at: https://github.com/2phi/weac, last access: 6 January 2020. a, b
Anderson, T. L.: Fracture Mechanics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 4th edn., https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315370293, 2017. a
ASTM Standard D3433-99: Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Metal Joints, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, https://doi.org/10.1520/D3433-99R12, 2012. a
ASTM Standard E399-17: Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KIc of Metallic Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, https://doi.org/10.1520/E0399-17, 2017. a
Bader, H. and Salm, B.: On the mechanics of snow slab release, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 17, 287–300, 1990. a
Short summary
Dry-snow slab avalanche release is preceded by a fracture process within the snowpack. Recognizing weak layer collapse as an integral part of the fracture process is crucial and explains phenomena such as whumpf sounds and remote triggering of avalanches from low-angle terrain. In this second part of the two-part work we propose a novel mixed-mode coupled stress and energy failure criterion for nucleation of weak layer failure due to external loading of the snowpack.