Articles | Volume 14, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2217-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2217-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Jul 2020
Research article |
| 15 Jul 2020
| 15 Jul 2020
Aerogeophysical characterization of an active subglacial lake system in the David Glacier catchment, Antarctica
Laura E. Lindzey
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
now at: Department of Ocean Engineering, University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA
Lucas H. Beem
Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
Duncan A. Young
University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Enrica Quartini
University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
now at: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Donald D. Blankenship
University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
Choon-Ki Lee
Unit of Ice Sheet and Sea Level Changes, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
Won Sang Lee
Unit of Ice Sheet and Sea Level Changes, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
Jong Ik Lee
Division of Polar Earth-System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
Joohan Lee
Division of Polar Technology, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
Related authors
Xiangbin Cui, Hafeez Jeofry, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Jingxue Guo, Lin Li, Laura E. Lindzey, Feras A. Habbal, Wei Wei, Duncan A. Young, Neil Ross, Mathieu Morlighem, Lenneke M. Jong, Jason L. Roberts, Donald D. Blankenship, Sun Bo, and Martin J. Siegert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2765–2774, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2765-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2765-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a topographic digital elevation model (DEM) for Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL), East Antarctica. The DEM covers an area of approximately 900 000 km2 and was built from radio-echo sounding data collected in four campaigns since 2015. Previously, to generate the Bedmap2 topographic product, PEL’s bed was characterised from low-resolution satellite gravity data across an otherwise large (>200 km wide) data-free zone.
Robert G. Bingham, Julien A. Bodart, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Ailsa Chung, Rebecca J. Sanderson, Johannes C. R. Sutter, Olaf Eisen, Nanna B. Karlsson, Joseph A. MacGregor, Neil Ross, Duncan A. Young, David W. Ashmore, Andreas Born, Winnie Chu, Xiangbin Cui, Reinhard Drews, Steven Franke, Vikram Goel, John W. Goodge, A. Clara J. Henry, Antoine Hermant, Benjamin H. Hills, Nicholas Holschuh, Michelle R. Koutnik, Gwendolyn J.-M. C. Leysinger Vieli, Emma J. Mackie, Elisa Mantelli, Carlos Martín, Felix S. L. Ng, Falk M. Oraschewski, Felipe Napoleoni, Frédéric Parrenin, Sergey V. Popov, Therese Rieckh, Rebecca Schlegel, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Xueyuan Tang, Thomas O. Teisberg, Kate Winter, Shuai Yan, Harry Davis, Christine F. Dow, Tyler J. Fudge, Tom A. Jordan, Bernd Kulessa, Kenichi Matsuoka, Clara J. Nyqvist, Maryam Rahnemoonfar, Matthew R. Siegfried, Shivangini Singh, Verjan Višnjević, Rodrigo Zamora, and Alexandra Zuhr
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2593, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2593, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ice sheets covering Antarctica have built up over millenia through successive snowfall events which become buried and preserved as internal surfaces of equal age detectable with ice-penetrating radar. This paper describes an international initiative to work together on this archival data to build a comprehensive 3-D picture of how old the ice is everywhere across Antarctica, and how this will be used to reconstruct past and predict future ice and climate behaviour.
Chris Pierce, Christopher Gerekos, Mark Skidmore, Lucas Beem, Don Blankenship, Won Sang Lee, Ed Adams, Choon-Ki Lee, and Jamey Stutz
The Cryosphere, 18, 1495–1515, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water beneath glaciers in Antarctica can influence how the ice slides or melts. Airborne radar can detect this water, which looks bright in radar images. However, common techniques cannot identify the water's size or shape. We used a simulator to show how the radar image changes based on the bed material, size, and shape of the waterbody. This technique was applied to a suspected waterbody beneath Thwaites Glacier. We found it may be consistent with a series of wide, flat canals or a lake.
Christine F. Dow, Derek Mueller, Peter Wray, Drew Friedrichs, Alexander L. Forrest, Jasmin B. McInerney, Jamin Greenbaum, Donald D. Blankenship, Choon Ki Lee, and Won Sang Lee
The Cryosphere, 18, 1105–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1105-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1105-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice shelves are a key control on Antarctic contribution to sea level rise. We examine the Nansen Ice Shelf in East Antarctica using a combination of field-based and satellite data. We find the basal topography of the ice shelf is highly variable, only partially visible in satellite datasets. We also find that the thinnest region of the ice shelf is altered over time by ice flow rates and ocean melting. These processes can cause fractures to form that eventually result in large calving events.
Hyunjae Chung, Jikang Park, Mijin Park, Yejin Kim, Unyoung Chun, Sukyoung Yun, Won Sang Lee, Seung-Tae Yoon, and Won Young Lee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2757, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2757, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how marine animals adapt to spatial and temporal shifts in oceanographic conditions is of utmost importance. In this paper, we investigated the influence of changes in seawater properties on the seasonal behavior of Weddell seals in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Our findings could serve as a baseline and establish a foundational understanding for future research, particularly concerning the impact of marine environmental changes on the ecosystem of the Ross Sea Marine Protected Area.
Alice C. Frémand, Peter Fretwell, Julien A. Bodart, Hamish D. Pritchard, Alan Aitken, Jonathan L. Bamber, Robin Bell, Cesidio Bianchi, Robert G. Bingham, Donald D. Blankenship, Gino Casassa, Ginny Catania, Knut Christianson, Howard Conway, Hugh F. J. Corr, Xiangbin Cui, Detlef Damaske, Volkmar Damm, Reinhard Drews, Graeme Eagles, Olaf Eisen, Hannes Eisermann, Fausto Ferraccioli, Elena Field, René Forsberg, Steven Franke, Shuji Fujita, Yonggyu Gim, Vikram Goel, Siva Prasad Gogineni, Jamin Greenbaum, Benjamin Hills, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Andrew O. Hoffman, Per Holmlund, Nicholas Holschuh, John W. Holt, Annika N. Horlings, Angelika Humbert, Robert W. Jacobel, Daniela Jansen, Adrian Jenkins, Wilfried Jokat, Tom Jordan, Edward King, Jack Kohler, William Krabill, Mette Kusk Gillespie, Kirsty Langley, Joohan Lee, German Leitchenkov, Carlton Leuschen, Bruce Luyendyk, Joseph MacGregor, Emma MacKie, Kenichi Matsuoka, Mathieu Morlighem, Jérémie Mouginot, Frank O. Nitsche, Yoshifumi Nogi, Ole A. Nost, John Paden, Frank Pattyn, Sergey V. Popov, Eric Rignot, David M. Rippin, Andrés Rivera, Jason Roberts, Neil Ross, Anotonia Ruppel, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Andrew M. Smith, Daniel Steinhage, Michael Studinger, Bo Sun, Ignazio Tabacco, Kirsty Tinto, Stefano Urbini, David Vaughan, Brian C. Welch, Douglas S. Wilson, Duncan A. Young, and Achille Zirizzotti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2695–2710, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the release of over 60 years of ice thickness, bed elevation, and surface elevation data acquired over Antarctica by the international community. These data are a crucial component of the Antarctic Bedmap initiative which aims to produce a new map and datasets of Antarctic ice thickness and bed topography for the international glaciology and geophysical community.
Kristian Chan, Cyril Grima, Anja Rutishauser, Duncan A. Young, Riley Culberg, and Donald D. Blankenship
The Cryosphere, 17, 1839–1852, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate warming has led to more surface meltwater produced on glaciers that can refreeze in firn to form ice layers. Our work evaluates the use of dual-frequency ice-penetrating radar to characterize these ice layers on the Devon Ice Cap. Results indicate that they are meters thick and widespread, and thus capable of supporting lateral meltwater runoff from the top of ice layers. We find that some of this meltwater runoff could be routed through supraglacial rivers in the ablation zone.
Amy Jenson, Mark Skidmore, Lucas Beem, Martin Truffer, and Scott McCalla
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-792, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-792, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water in some glacier environments contains salt which increases the density of the fluid and decreases the freezing point of the fluid. As a result, hypersaline lakes can exist in places where freshwater cannot and can contain unique microbiological communities. We model the flow of saline fluid from a subglacial lake through a channel at the glacier bed. The results suggest that fluid with higher salinity reach higher discharge rates compared to fresh water due to increased fluid density.
Julien A. Bodart, Robert G. Bingham, Duncan A. Young, Joseph A. MacGregor, David W. Ashmore, Enrica Quartini, Andrew S. Hein, David G. Vaughan, and Donald D. Blankenship
The Cryosphere, 17, 1497–1512, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1497-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1497-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Estimating how West Antarctica will change in response to future climatic change depends on our understanding of past ice processes. Here, we use a reflector widely visible on airborne radar data across West Antarctica to estimate accumulation rates over the past 4700 years. By comparing our estimates with current atmospheric data, we find that accumulation rates were 18 % greater than modern rates. This has implications for our understanding of past ice processes in the region.
Sarah S. Thompson, Bernd Kulessa, Adrian Luckman, Jacqueline A. Halpin, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Tyler Pelle, Feras Habbal, Jingxue Guo, Lenneke M. Jong, Jason L. Roberts, Bo Sun, and Donald D. Blankenship
The Cryosphere, 17, 157–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-157-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-157-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use satellite imagery and ice penetrating radar to investigate the stability of the Shackleton system in East Antarctica. We find significant changes in surface structures across the system and observe a significant increase in ice flow speed (up to 50 %) on the floating part of Scott Glacier. We conclude that knowledge remains woefully insufficient to explain recent observed changes in the grounded and floating regions of the system.
Ji Sung Na, Taekyun Kim, Emilia Kyung Jin, Seung-Tae Yoon, Won Sang Lee, Sukyoung Yun, and Jiyeon Lee
The Cryosphere, 16, 3451–3468, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3451-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3451-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Beneath the Antarctic ice shelf, sub-ice-shelf plume flow that can cause turbulent mixing exists. In this study, we investigate how this flow affects ocean dynamics and ice melting near the ice front. Our results obtained by validated simulation show that higher turbulence intensity results in vigorous ice melting due to the high heat entrainment. Moreover, this flow with meltwater created by this flow highly affects the ocean overturning circulations near the ice front.
Anja Rutishauser, Donald D. Blankenship, Duncan A. Young, Natalie S. Wolfenbarger, Lucas H. Beem, Mark L. Skidmore, Ashley Dubnick, and Alison S. Criscitiello
The Cryosphere, 16, 379–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-379-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-379-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, a hypersaline subglacial lake complex was hypothesized to lie beneath Devon Ice Cap, Canadian Arctic. Here, we present results from a follow-on targeted aerogeophysical survey. Our results support the evidence for a hypersaline subglacial lake and reveal an extensive brine network, suggesting more complex subglacial hydrological conditions than previously inferred. This hypersaline system may host microbial habitats, making it a compelling analog for bines on other icy worlds.
Marie G. P. Cavitte, Duncan A. Young, Robert Mulvaney, Catherine Ritz, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Gregory Ng, Scott D. Kempf, Enrica Quartini, Gail R. Muldoon, John Paden, Massimo Frezzotti, Jason L. Roberts, Carly R. Tozer, Dustin M. Schroeder, and Donald D. Blankenship
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4759–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4759-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4759-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a data set consisting of ice-penetrating-radar internal stratigraphy: 26 internal reflecting horizons that cover the greater Dome C area, East Antarctica, the most extensive IRH data set to date in the region. This data set uses radar surveys collected over the span of 10 years, starting with an airborne international collaboration in 2008 to explore the region, up to the detailed ground-based surveys in support of the European Beyond EPICA – Oldest Ice (BE-OI) project.
Huw J. Horgan, Laurine van Haastrecht, Richard B. Alley, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Lucas H. Beem, Knut Christianson, Atsuhiro Muto, and Matthew R. Siegfried
The Cryosphere, 15, 1863–1880, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1863-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1863-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The grounding zone marks the transition from a grounded ice sheet to a floating ice shelf. Like Earth's coastlines, the grounding zone is home to interactions between the ocean, fresh water, and geology but also has added complexity and importance due to the overriding ice. Here we use seismic surveying – sending sound waves down through the ice – to image the grounding zone of Whillans Ice Stream in West Antarctica and learn more about the nature of this important transition zone.
Lucas H. Beem, Duncan A. Young, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Donald D. Blankenship, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Jingxue Guo, and Sun Bo
The Cryosphere, 15, 1719–1730, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Radar observation collected above Titan Dome of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is used to describe ice geometry and test a hypothesis that ice beneath the dome is older than 1 million years. An important climate transition occurred between 1.25 million and 700 thousand years ago, and if ice old enough to study this period can be removed as an ice core, new insights into climate dynamics are expected. The new observations suggest the ice is too young – more likely 300 to 800 thousand years old.
Xiangbin Cui, Hafeez Jeofry, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Jingxue Guo, Lin Li, Laura E. Lindzey, Feras A. Habbal, Wei Wei, Duncan A. Young, Neil Ross, Mathieu Morlighem, Lenneke M. Jong, Jason L. Roberts, Donald D. Blankenship, Sun Bo, and Martin J. Siegert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2765–2774, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2765-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2765-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a topographic digital elevation model (DEM) for Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL), East Antarctica. The DEM covers an area of approximately 900 000 km2 and was built from radio-echo sounding data collected in four campaigns since 2015. Previously, to generate the Bedmap2 topographic product, PEL’s bed was characterised from low-resolution satellite gravity data across an otherwise large (>200 km wide) data-free zone.
Wei Wei, Donald D. Blankenship, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Noel Gourmelen, Christine F. Dow, Thomas G. Richter, Chad A. Greene, Duncan A. Young, SangHoon Lee, Tae-Wan Kim, Won Sang Lee, and Karen M. Assmann
The Cryosphere, 14, 1399–1408, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1399-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1399-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Getz Ice Shelf is the largest meltwater source from Antarctica of the Southern Ocean. This study compares the relative importance of the meltwater production of Getz from both ocean and subglacial sources. We show that basal melt rates are elevated where bathymetric troughs provide pathways for warm Circumpolar Deep Water to enter the Getz Ice Shelf cavity. In particular, we find that subshelf melting is enhanced where subglacially discharged fresh water flows across the grounding line.
Seung-Tae Yoon, Won Sang Lee, Craig Stevens, Stefan Jendersie, SungHyun Nam, Sukyoung Yun, Chung Yeon Hwang, Gwang Il Jang, and Jiyeon Lee
Ocean Sci., 16, 373–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-373-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-373-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the variability in high-salinity shelf water (HSSW) formation in the Terra Nova Bay polynya using hydrographic data from instrumented moorings and vessel-based profiles. We show that HSSW can be formed in the upper water column of the eastern Terra Nova Bay via polynya activity and convective processes, as well as how the nature of circulation in Terra Nova Bay influences HSSW production. This article also discusses the present results in the context of previous analyses.
Chad A. Greene, Duncan A. Young, David E. Gwyther, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, and Donald D. Blankenship
The Cryosphere, 12, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2869-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2869-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We show that Totten Ice Shelf accelerates each spring in response to the breakup of seasonal landfast sea ice at the ice shelf calving front. The previously unreported seasonal flow variability may have aliased measurements in at least one previous study of Totten's response to ocean forcing on interannual timescales. The role of sea ice in buttressing the flow of the ice shelf implies that long-term changes in sea ice cover could have impacts on the mass balance of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Brice Van Liefferinge, Frank Pattyn, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Nanna B. Karlsson, Duncan A. Young, Johannes Sutter, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 12, 2773–2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2773-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2773-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper provides an important review of the state of knowledge for oldest-ice prospection, but also adds new basal geothermal heat flux constraints from recently acquired high-definition radar data sets. This is the first paper to contrast the two primary target regions for oldest ice: Dome C and Dome Fuji. Moreover, we provide statistical comparisons of all available data sets and a summary of the community's criteria for the retrieval of interpretable oldest ice since the 2013 effort.
Olivier Passalacqua, Marie Cavitte, Olivier Gagliardini, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, Frédéric Parrenin, Catherine Ritz, and Duncan Young
The Cryosphere, 12, 2167–2174, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2167-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2167-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Locating a suitable drill site is a key step in the Antarctic oldest-ice challenge. Here we have conducted a 3-D ice flow simulation in the region of Dome C using a refined bedrock description. Five selection criteria are computed that together provide an objective overview on the local ice flow conditions. We delineate kilometer-scale favorable areas that overlap with the ones recently proposed by another group. We propose a few drill sites that should be surveyed during the next field seasons.
Marie G. P. Cavitte, Frédéric Parrenin, Catherine Ritz, Duncan A. Young, Brice Van Liefferinge, Donald D. Blankenship, Massimo Frezzotti, and Jason L. Roberts
The Cryosphere, 12, 1401–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1401-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1401-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct the pattern of surface accumulation in the region around Dome C, East Antarctica, over the last 73 kyr. We use internal isochrones interpreted from ice-penetrating radar surveys and a 1-D ice flow model to invert for time-averaged and paleo-accumulation rates. We observe that surface accumulation patterns are stable through the last 73 kyr, consistent with current observed regional precipitation gradients and consistent interactions between prevailing winds and surface slope.
Duncan A. Young, Jason L. Roberts, Catherine Ritz, Massimo Frezzotti, Enrica Quartini, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Carly R. Tozer, Daniel Steinhage, Stefano Urbini, Hugh F. J. Corr, Tas van Ommen, and Donald D. Blankenship
The Cryosphere, 11, 1897–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1897-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1897-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
To find records of the greenhouse gases found in key periods of climate transition, we need to find sites of unmelted old ice at the base of the Antarctic ice sheet for ice core retrieval. A joint US–Australian–EU team performed a high-resolution survey of such a site (1 km line spacing) near Concordia Station in East Antarctica, using airborne ice-penetrating radar. We found promising targets in rough subglacial terrain, surrounded by subglacial lakes restricted below a minimum hydraulic head.
Felicity S. Graham, Jason L. Roberts, Ben K. Galton-Fenzi, Duncan Young, Donald Blankenship, and Martin J. Siegert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 267–279, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-267-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-267-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic bed topography datasets are interpolated onto low-resolution grids because our observed topography data are sparsely sampled. This has implications for ice-sheet model simulations, especially in regions prone to instability, such as grounding lines, where detailed knowledge of the topography is required. Here, we constructed a high-resolution synthetic bed elevation dataset using observed covariance properties to assess the dependence of simulated ice-sheet dynamics on grid resolution.
Anna Winter, Daniel Steinhage, Emily J. Arnold, Donald D. Blankenship, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Hugh F. J. Corr, John D. Paden, Stefano Urbini, Duncan A. Young, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 11, 653–668, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-653-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-653-2017, 2017
Byeong-Hoon Kim, Choon-Ki Lee, Ki-Weon Seo, Won Sang Lee, and Ted Scambos
The Cryosphere, 10, 2971–2980, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2971-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2971-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Kamb Ice Stream (KIS) in Antarctica ceased rapid ice flow approximately 160 years ago, still influencing on the current mass balance of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. We identify two previously unknown subglacial lakes beneath the stagnated trunk of the KIS. Rapid fill-drain hydrologic events over several months indicate that the lakes are probably connected by a subglacial drainage network. Our findings support previously published conceptual models of the KIS shutdown.
Brad T. Gooch, Sasha P. Carter, Omar Ghattas, Duncan A. Young, and Donald D. Blankenship
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-141, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-141, 2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
Our work investigates the potential significance of groundwater flow underneath the interior of East Antarctica where the ice doesn't rapidly melt. We attempt to describe the relationship between two hydrologic systems (water under the ice and in the ground) and how they might interact along a flow path between lakes under the ice. We find that groundwater is significant in regional water transport for melt water under the ice in areas of low melting in East Antarctica.
Tessa R. Vance, Jason L. Roberts, Andrew D. Moy, Mark A. J. Curran, Carly R. Tozer, Ailie J. E. Gallant, Nerilie J. Abram, Tas D. van Ommen, Duncan A. Young, Cyril Grima, Don D. Blankenship, and Martin J. Siegert
Clim. Past, 12, 595–610, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-595-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-595-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study details a systematic approach to finding a new high-resolution East Antarctic ice core site. The study initially outlines seven criteria that a new site must fulfil, encompassing specific accumulation, ice dynamics and atmospheric circulation aspects. We then use numerous techniques including Antarctic surface mass balance syntheses, ground-truthing of satellite data by airborne radar surveys and reanalysis products to pinpoint promising regions.
H. Fischer, J. Severinghaus, E. Brook, E. Wolff, M. Albert, O. Alemany, R. Arthern, C. Bentley, D. Blankenship, J. Chappellaz, T. Creyts, D. Dahl-Jensen, M. Dinn, M. Frezzotti, S. Fujita, H. Gallee, R. Hindmarsh, D. Hudspeth, G. Jugie, K. Kawamura, V. Lipenkov, H. Miller, R. Mulvaney, F. Parrenin, F. Pattyn, C. Ritz, J. Schwander, D. Steinhage, T. van Ommen, and F. Wilhelms
Clim. Past, 9, 2489–2505, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2489-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2489-2013, 2013
P. Fretwell, H. D. Pritchard, D. G. Vaughan, J. L. Bamber, N. E. Barrand, R. Bell, C. Bianchi, R. G. Bingham, D. D. Blankenship, G. Casassa, G. Catania, D. Callens, H. Conway, A. J. Cook, H. F. J. Corr, D. Damaske, V. Damm, F. Ferraccioli, R. Forsberg, S. Fujita, Y. Gim, P. Gogineni, J. A. Griggs, R. C. A. Hindmarsh, P. Holmlund, J. W. Holt, R. W. Jacobel, A. Jenkins, W. Jokat, T. Jordan, E. C. King, J. Kohler, W. Krabill, M. Riger-Kusk, K. A. Langley, G. Leitchenkov, C. Leuschen, B. P. Luyendyk, K. Matsuoka, J. Mouginot, F. O. Nitsche, Y. Nogi, O. A. Nost, S. V. Popov, E. Rignot, D. M. Rippin, A. Rivera, J. Roberts, N. Ross, M. J. Siegert, A. M. Smith, D. Steinhage, M. Studinger, B. Sun, B. K. Tinto, B. C. Welch, D. Wilson, D. A. Young, C. Xiangbin, and A. Zirizzotti
The Cryosphere, 7, 375–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013, 2013
M. G. P. Cavitte, D. D. Blankenship, D. A. Young, M. J. Siegert, and E. Le Meur
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-321-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-321-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
Related subject area
Discipline: Ice sheets | Subject: Remote Sensing
AWI-ICENet1: a convolutional neural network retracker for ice altimetry
Sentinel-1 detection of ice slabs on the Greenland Ice Sheet
A Framework for Automated Supraglacial Lake Detection and Depth Retrieval in ICESat-2 Photon Data Across the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets
Change in grounding line location on the Antarctic Peninsula measured using a tidal motion offset correlation method
Mapping the extent of giant Antarctic icebergs with deep learning
Mapping Antarctic crevasses and their evolution with deep learning applied to satellite radar imagery
AutoTerm: an automated pipeline for glacier terminus extraction using machine learning and a “big data” repository of Greenland glacier termini
Recent changes in drainage route and outburst magnitude of the Russell Glacier ice-dammed lake, West Greenland
Grounding line retreat and tide-modulated ocean channels at Moscow University and Totten Glacier ice shelves, East Antarctica
Seasonal land-ice-flow variability in the Antarctic Peninsula
Empirical correction of systematic orthorectification error in Sentinel-2 velocity fields for Greenlandic outlet glaciers
A leading-edge-based method for correction of slope-induced errors in ice-sheet heights derived from radar altimetry
An empirical algorithm to map perennial firn aquifers and ice slabs within the Greenland Ice Sheet using satellite L-band microwave radiometry
Supraglacial lake bathymetry automatically derived from ICESat-2 constraining lake depth estimates from multi-source satellite imagery
Penetration of interferometric radar signals in Antarctic snow
Brief communication: Ice sheet elevation measurements from the Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B tandem phase
Using ICESat-2 and Operation IceBridge altimetry for supraglacial lake depth retrievals
Brief communication: Mapping Greenland's perennial firn aquifers using enhanced-resolution L-band brightness temperature image time series
Quantifying spatiotemporal variability of glacier algal blooms and the impact on surface albedo in southwestern Greenland
Measuring the location and width of the Antarctic grounding zone using CryoSat-2
Brief Communication: Update on the GPS reflection technique for measuring snow accumulation in Greenland
Improved GNSS-R bi-static altimetry and independent digital elevation models of Greenland and Antarctica from TechDemoSat-1
Melt in Antarctica derived from Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations at L band
Sentinel-3 Delay-Doppler altimetry over Antarctica
The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica
Assessment of altimetry using ground-based GPS data from the 88S Traverse, Antarctica, in support of ICESat-2
Dual-satellite (Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8) remote sensing of supraglacial lakes in Greenland
Coherent large beamwidth processing of radio-echo sounding data
Multi-channel and multi-polarization radar measurements around the NEEM site
Seasonal variations of the backscattering coefficient measured by radar altimeters over the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Recent dynamic changes on Fleming Glacier after the disintegration of Wordie Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
Veit Helm, Alireza Dehghanpour, Ronny Hänsch, Erik Loebel, Martin Horwath, and Angelika Humbert
The Cryosphere, 18, 3933–3970, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3933-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3933-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new approach (AWI-ICENet1), based on a deep convolutional neural network, for analysing satellite radar altimeter measurements to accurately determine the surface height of ice sheets. Surface height estimates obtained with AWI-ICENet1 (along with related products, such as ice sheet height change and volume change) show improved and unbiased results compared to other products. This is important for the long-term monitoring of ice sheet mass loss and its impact on sea level rise.
Riley Culberg, Roger J. Michaelides, and Julie Z. Miller
The Cryosphere, 18, 2531–2555, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2531-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice slabs enhance meltwater runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Therefore, it is important to understand their extent and change in extent over time. We present a new method for detecting ice slabs in satellite radar data, which we use to map ice slabs at 500 m resolution across the entire ice sheet in winter 2016–2017. Our results provide better spatial coverage and resolution than previous maps from airborne radar and lay the groundwork for long-term monitoring of ice slabs from space.
Philipp Sebastian Arndt and Helen Amanda Fricker
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1156, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1156, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a method for ice-sheet-scale retrieval of supraglacial meltwater depths using ICESat-2 photon data. We report results for two drainage basins in Greenland and Antarctica during two contrasting melt seasons, where our method reveals a total of 1249 lakes up to 25 m deep. The large volume and wide variety of accurate depth data that our method provides enables the development of data-driven models of meltwater volumes in satellite imagery.
Benjamin J. Wallis, Anna E. Hogg, Yikai Zhu, and Andrew Hooper
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2874, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2874, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The grounding line, where ice begins to float, is an essential variable to understand ice dynamics, but in some locations it can be difficult to measure. Using satellite data and a new method, Wallis et al. measure the grounding line position of glaciers and ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula and find retreats of up to 16.3 km have occurred since the last time measurements were made in 1990s.
Anne Braakmann-Folgmann, Andrew Shepherd, David Hogg, and Ella Redmond
The Cryosphere, 17, 4675–4690, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4675-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4675-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we propose a deep neural network to map the extent of giant Antarctic icebergs in Sentinel-1 images automatically. While each manual delineation requires several minutes, our U-net takes less than 0.01 s. In terms of accuracy, we find that U-net outperforms two standard segmentation techniques (Otsu, k-means) in most metrics and is more robust to challenging scenes with sea ice, coast and other icebergs. The absolute median deviation in iceberg area across 191 images is 4.1 %.
Trystan Surawy-Stepney, Anna E. Hogg, Stephen L. Cornford, and David C. Hogg
The Cryosphere, 17, 4421–4445, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4421-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The presence of crevasses in Antarctica influences how the ice sheet behaves. It is important, therefore, to collect data on the spatial distribution of crevasses and how they are changing. We present a method of mapping crevasses from satellite radar imagery and apply it to 7.5 years of images, covering Antarctica's floating and grounded ice. We develop a method of measuring change in the density of crevasses and quantify increased fracturing in important parts of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Enze Zhang, Ginny Catania, and Daniel T. Trugman
The Cryosphere, 17, 3485–3503, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier termini are essential for studying why glaciers retreat, but they need to be mapped automatically due to the volume of satellite images. Existing automated mapping methods have been limited due to limited automation, lack of quality control, and inadequacy in highly diverse terminus environments. We design a fully automated, deep-learning-based method to produce termini with quality control. We produced 278 239 termini in Greenland and provided a way to deliver new termini regularly.
Mads Dømgaard, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Flora Huiban, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Shfaqat A. Khan, and Anders A. Bjørk
The Cryosphere, 17, 1373–1387, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1373-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1373-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sudden releases of meltwater from glacier-dammed lakes can influence ice flow, cause flooding hazards and landscape changes. This study presents a record of 14 drainages from 2007–2021 from a lake in west Greenland. The time series reveals how the lake fluctuates between releasing large and small amounts of drainage water which is caused by a weakening of the damming glacier following the large events. We also find a shift in the water drainage route which increases the risk of flooding hazards.
Tian Li, Geoffrey J. Dawson, Stephen J. Chuter, and Jonathan L. Bamber
The Cryosphere, 17, 1003–1022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Totten and Moscow University glaciers in East Antarctica have the potential to make a significant contribution to future sea-level rise. We used a combination of different satellite measurements to show that the grounding lines have been retreating along the fast-flowing ice streams across these two glaciers. We also found two tide-modulated ocean channels that might open new pathways for the warm ocean water to enter the ice shelf cavity.
Karla Boxall, Frazer D. W. Christie, Ian C. Willis, Jan Wuite, and Thomas Nagler
The Cryosphere, 16, 3907–3932, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3907-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3907-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using high-spatial- and high-temporal-resolution satellite imagery, we provide the first evidence for seasonal flow variability of land ice draining to George VI Ice Shelf (GVIIS), Antarctica. Ultimately, our findings imply that other glaciers in Antarctica may be susceptible to – and/or currently undergoing – similar ice-flow seasonality, including at the highly vulnerable and rapidly retreating Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers.
Thomas R. Chudley, Ian M. Howat, Bidhyananda Yadav, and Myoung-Jong Noh
The Cryosphere, 16, 2629–2642, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2629-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2629-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Sentinel-2 images are subject to distortion due to orthorectification error, which makes it difficult to extract reliable glacier velocity fields from images from different orbits. Here, we use a complete record of velocity fields at four Greenlandic outlet glaciers to empirically estimate the systematic error, allowing us to correct cross-track glacier velocity fields to a comparable accuracy to other medium-resolution satellite datasets.
Weiran Li, Cornelis Slobbe, and Stef Lhermitte
The Cryosphere, 16, 2225–2243, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2225-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2225-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a new method for correcting the slope-induced errors in satellite radar altimetry. The slope-induced errors can significantly affect the height estimations of ice sheets if left uncorrected. This study applies the method to radar altimetry data (CryoSat-2) and compares the performance with two existing methods. The performance is assessed by comparison with independent height measurements from ICESat-2. The assessment shows that the method performs promisingly.
Julie Z. Miller, Riley Culberg, David G. Long, Christopher A. Shuman, Dustin M. Schroeder, and Mary J. Brodzik
The Cryosphere, 16, 103–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use L-band brightness temperature imagery from NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite to map the extent of perennial firn aquifer and ice slab areas within the Greenland Ice Sheet. As Greenland's climate continues to warm and seasonal surface melting increases in extent, intensity, and duration, quantifying the possible rapid expansion of perennial firn aquifers and ice slab areas has significant implications for understanding the stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Rajashree Tri Datta and Bert Wouters
The Cryosphere, 15, 5115–5132, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5115-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5115-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The ICESat-2 laser altimeter can detect the surface and bottom of a supraglacial lake. We introduce the Watta algorithm, automatically calculating lake surface, corrected bottom, and (sub-)surface ice at high resolution adapting to signal strength. ICESat-2 depths constrain full lake depths of 46 lakes over Jakobshavn glacier using multiple sources of imagery, including very high-resolution Planet imagery, used for the first time to extract supraglacial lake depths empirically using ICESat-2.
Helmut Rott, Stefan Scheiblauer, Jan Wuite, Lukas Krieger, Dana Floricioiu, Paola Rizzoli, Ludivine Libert, and Thomas Nagler
The Cryosphere, 15, 4399–4419, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4399-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4399-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We studied relations between interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) signals and snow–firn properties and tested procedures for correcting the penetration bias of InSAR digital elevation models at Union Glacier, Antarctica. The work is based on SAR data of the TanDEM-X mission, topographic data from optical sensors and field measurements. We provide new insights on radar signal interactions with polar snow and show the performance of penetration bias retrievals using InSAR coherence.
Malcolm McMillan, Alan Muir, and Craig Donlon
The Cryosphere, 15, 3129–3134, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3129-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3129-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the consistency of ice sheet elevation measurements made by two satellites: Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B. We analysed data from the unique
tandemphase of the mission, where the two satellites flew 30 s apart to provide near-instantaneous measurements of Earth's surface. Analysing these data over Antarctica, we find no significant difference between the satellites, which is important for demonstrating that they can be used interchangeably for long-term ice sheet monitoring.
Zachary Fair, Mark Flanner, Kelly M. Brunt, Helen Amanda Fricker, and Alex Gardner
The Cryosphere, 14, 4253–4263, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4253-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4253-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ice on glaciers and ice sheets may melt and pond on ice surfaces in summer months. Detection and observation of these meltwater ponds is important for understanding glaciers and ice sheets, and satellite imagery has been used in previous work. However, image-based methods struggle with deep water, so we used data from the Ice, Clouds, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) and the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) to demonstrate the potential for lidar depth monitoring.
Julie Z. Miller, David G. Long, Kenneth C. Jezek, Joel T. Johnson, Mary J. Brodzik, Christopher A. Shuman, Lora S. Koenig, and Ted A. Scambos
The Cryosphere, 14, 2809–2817, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2809-2020, 2020
Shujie Wang, Marco Tedesco, Patrick Alexander, Min Xu, and Xavier Fettweis
The Cryosphere, 14, 2687–2713, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2687-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2687-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial algal blooms play a significant role in darkening the Greenland Ice Sheet during summertime. The dark pigments generated by glacial algae could substantially reduce the bare ice albedo and thereby enhance surface melt. We used satellite data to map the spatial distribution of glacial algae and characterized the seasonal growth pattern and interannual trends of glacial algae in southwestern Greenland. Our study is important for bridging microbial activities with ice sheet mass balance.
Geoffrey J. Dawson and Jonathan L. Bamber
The Cryosphere, 14, 2071–2086, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2071-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2071-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The grounding zone is where grounded ice begins to float and is the boundary at which the ocean has the most significant influence on the inland ice sheet. Here, we present the results of mapping the grounding zone of Antarctic ice shelves from CryoSat-2 radar altimetry. We found good agreement with previous methods that mapped the grounding zone. We also managed to map areas of Support Force Glacier and the Doake Ice Rumples (Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf), which were previously incompletely mapped.
Kristine M. Larson, Michael MacFerrin, and Thomas Nylen
The Cryosphere, 14, 1985–1988, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1985-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1985-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Reflected GPS signals can be used to measure snow accumulation. The GPS method is accurate and has a footprint that is larger than that of many other methods. This short note makes available 9 years of daily snow accumulation measurements from Greenland that were derived from reflected GPS signals. It also provides information about open-source software that the cryosphere community can use to analyze other datasets.
Jessica Cartwright, Christopher J. Banks, and Meric Srokosz
The Cryosphere, 14, 1909–1917, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1909-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1909-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses reflected GPS signals to measure ice at the South Pole itself for the first time. These measurements are essential to understand the interaction of the ice with the Earth’s physical systems. Orbital constraints mean that satellites are usually unable to measure in the vicinity of the South Pole itself. This is overcome here by using data obtained by UK TechDemoSat-1. Data are processed to obtain the height of glacial ice across the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.
Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Ghislain Picard, Giovanni Macelloni, Arnaud Mialon, and Yann H. Kerr
The Cryosphere, 14, 539–548, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-539-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-539-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To study the coast and ice shelves affected by melt in Antarctica during the austral summer, we exploited the 1.4 GHz radiometric satellite observations. We showed that this frequency provides additional information on melt occurrence and on the location of the water in the snowpack compared to the 19 GHz observations. This opens an avenue for improving the melting season monitoring with a combination of both frequencies and exploring the possibility of deep-water detection in the snowpack.
Malcolm McMillan, Alan Muir, Andrew Shepherd, Roger Escolà, Mònica Roca, Jérémie Aublanc, Pierre Thibaut, Marco Restano, Américo Ambrozio, and Jérôme Benveniste
The Cryosphere, 13, 709–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-709-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-709-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets is one of the main causes of current sea level rise. Understanding ice sheet change requires large-scale systematic satellite monitoring programmes. This study provides the first assessment of a new long-term source of measurements, from Sentinel-3 satellite altimetry. We estimate the accuracy of Sentinel-3 across Antarctica, show that the satellite can detect regions that are rapidly losing ice, and identify signs of subglacial lake activity.
Ian M. Howat, Claire Porter, Benjamin E. Smith, Myoung-Jong Noh, and Paul Morin
The Cryosphere, 13, 665–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-665-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-665-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) is the first continental-scale terrain map at less than 10 m resolution, and the first with a time stamp, enabling measurements of elevation change. REMA is constructed from over 300 000 individual stereoscopic elevation models (DEMs) extracted from submeter-resolution satellite imagery. REMA is vertically registered to satellite altimetry, resulting in errors of less than 1 m over most of its area and relative uncertainties of decimeters.
Kelly M. Brunt, Thomas A. Neumann, and Christopher F. Larsen
The Cryosphere, 13, 579–590, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-579-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-579-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an assessment of new GPS elevation data collected near the South Pole, Antarctica, that will ultimately be used for ICESat-2 satellite elevation data validation. Further, using the new ground-based GPS data, this paper provides an assessment of airborne lidar elevation data collected between 2014 and 2017, which will also be used for ICESat-2 data validation.
Andrew G. Williamson, Alison F. Banwell, Ian C. Willis, and Neil S. Arnold
The Cryosphere, 12, 3045–3065, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3045-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3045-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach is presented for automatically monitoring changes to area and volume of surface lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite data. The dual-satellite record improves on previous work since it tracks changes to more lakes (including small ones), identifies more lake-drainage events, and has higher precision. The results also show that small lakes are important in ice-sheet hydrology as they route more surface run-off into the ice sheet than large lakes.
Anton Heister and Rolf Scheiber
The Cryosphere, 12, 2969–2979, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2969-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2969-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a method based on Fourier analysis of coherent radio-echo sounding data for analyzing angular back-scattering characteristics of the ice sheet and bed. The characteristics can be used for the bed roughness estimation and detection of subglacial water. The method also offers improved estimation of the internal layers' tilt. The research is motivated by a need for a tool for training dictionaries for model-based tomographic focusing of multichannel coherent radio-echo sounders.
Jilu Li, Jose A. Vélez González, Carl Leuschen, Ayyangar Harish, Prasad Gogineni, Maurine Montagnat, Ilka Weikusat, Fernando Rodriguez-Morales, and John Paden
The Cryosphere, 12, 2689–2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2689-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2689-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ice properties inferred from multi-polarization measurements can provide insight into ice strain, viscosity, and ice flow. The Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets used a ground-based radar for multi-channel and multi-polarization measurements at the NEEM site. This paper describes the radar system, antenna configurations, data collection, and processing and analysis of this data set. Comparisons between the radar observations, simulations, and ice core fabric data are in very good agreement.
Fifi Ibrahime Adodo, Frédérique Remy, and Ghislain Picard
The Cryosphere, 12, 1767–1778, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1767-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1767-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In Antarctica, the seasonal cycle of the backscatter behaves differently at high and low frequencies, peaking in winter and in summer, respectively. At the intermediate frequency, some areas behave analogously to low frequency in terms of the seasonal cycle, but other areas behave analogously to high frequency. This calls into question the empirical relationships often used to correct elevation changes from radar penetration into the snowpack using backscatter.
Peter Friedl, Thorsten C. Seehaus, Anja Wendt, Matthias H. Braun, and Kathrin Höppner
The Cryosphere, 12, 1347–1365, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1347-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1347-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Fleming Glacier is the biggest tributary glacier of the former Wordie Ice Shelf. Radar satellite data and airborne ice elevation measurements show that the glacier accelerated by ~27 % between 2008–2011 and that ice thinning increased by ~70 %. This was likely a response to a two-phase ungrounding of the glacier tongue between 2008 and 2011, which was mainly triggered by increased basal melt during two strong upwelling events of warm circumpolar deep water.
Cited articles
An, M., Wiens, D. A., Zhao, Y., Nyblade, A. A., Kanao, M., Li, Y., Maggi, A., and Leveque, J.-J.: Temperature, lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, and heat flux beneath the Antarctic Plate inferred from seismic velocities, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Earth, 120, 8720–5742, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011917, 2015. a
Bindschadler, R., Choi, H., Wichlacz, A., Bingham, R., Bohlander, J., Brunt, K., Corr, H., Drews, R., Fricker, H., Hall, M., Hindmarsh, R., Kohler, J., Padman, L., Rack, W., Rotschky, G., Urbini, S., Vornberger, P., and Young, N.: Getting around Antarctica: new high-resolution mappings of the grounded and freely-floating boundaries of the Antarctic ice sheet created for the International Polar Year, The Cryosphere, 5, 569–588, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-569-2011, 2011. a
Blankenship, D. D., Morse, D. L., Finn, C. A., Bell, R. E., Peters, M. E.,
Kempf, S. D., Hodge, S. M., Studinger, M., Behrendt, J. C., and Brozena,
J. M.: Geologic controls on the initiation of rapid basal motion for West
Antarctic ice streams: A geophysical perspective including new airborne radar
sounding and laser altimetry results, The West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Behavior
and Environment, Ant. Res. Ser., 77, 105–121, https://doi.org/10.1029/AR077p0105, 2001. a
Blankenship, D. D., Kempf, S. D., Young, D. A., Richter, T. G., Schroeder, D. M., Greenbaum, J. S., van Ommen, T. D., Warner, R. C., Roberts, J. L., Young, N. W., Lemeur, E., Siegert, M. J., and Holt, J. W.: IceBridge HiCARS 1 L1B Time-Tagged Echo Strength Profiles, Version 1, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, https://doi.org/10.5067/W2KXX0MYNJ9G, 2017a. a
Blankenship, D. D., Kempf, S. D., Young, D. A., Richter, T. G., Schroeder, D. M., Ng, G., Greenbaum, J. S., van Ommen, T. D., Warner, R. C., Roberts, J. L., Young, N. W., Lemeur, E., and Siegert, M. J.: IceBridge HiCARS 2 L1B Time-Tagged Echo Strength Profiles, Version 1, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, Boulder, Colorado USA, https://doi.org/10.5067/0I7PFBVQOGO5, 2017b. a
Carter, S. P., Blankenship, D. D., Young, D. A., and Holt, J. W.: Using
radar-sounding data to identify the distribution and sources of subglacial
water: application to Dome C, East Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 55,
1025–1040, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309790794931, 2009. a, b
Carter, S. P., Fricker, H. A., and Siegfried, M. R.: Antarctic subglacial lakes drain through sediment-floored canals: theory and model testing on real and idealized domains, The Cryosphere, 11, 381–405, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-381-2017, 2017. a
Castelletti, D., Schroeder, D. M., Hensley, S., Grima, C., Ng, G., Young,
D. A., Gim, Y., Bruzzone, L., Moussessian, A., and Blankenship, D. D.: An
Interferometric Approach to Cross-Track Clutter Detection in Two Channel VHF
Radar Sounders, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 55,
6128–6140, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2721433, 2017. a
Christianson, K., Jacobel, R. W., Horgan, H. J., Anandakrishnan, S., and Alley,
R. B.: Subglacial Lake Whillans – Ice-penetrating radar and GPS
observations of a shallow active reservoir beneath a West Antarctic ice
stream, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 331–332, 237–245,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.03.013, 2012. a
Christianson, K., Jacobel, R. W., Horgan, H. J., Alley, R. B., Anandakrishnan, S., Holland, D. M., and Dallasanta, K. J.: Earth Surface Basal conditions at the grounding zone of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica, from ice-penetrating radar, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 121, 1954–1983, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003806, 2016. a
Chu, W., Schroeder, D. M., and Seroussi, H.: Extensive winter subglacial water
storage beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43,
12484–12492, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071538, 2016. a
Cuffey, K. M. and Patterson, W. S. B.: The Physics of Glaciers, Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 978-0-12-369461-4, 2010. a
Dow, C. F., Werder, M. A., Nowicki, S., and Walker, R. T.: Modeling Antarctic subglacial lake filling and drainage cycles, The Cryosphere, 10, 1381–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1381-2016, 2016. a, b
Engelhardt, H. and Kamb, B.: Basal hydraulic system of a West Antartic ice
stream: constraints from borehole observations, J. Glaciol., 43,
207–230, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000003166, 1997. a
Fretwell, P., Pritchard, H. D., Vaughan, D. G., Bamber, J. L., Barrand, N. E., Bell, R., Bianchi, C., Bingham, R. G., Blankenship, D. D., Casassa, G., Catania, G., Callens, D., Conway, H., Cook, A. J., Corr, H. F. J., Damaske, D., Damm, V., Ferraccioli, F., Forsberg, R., Fujita, S., Gim, Y., Gogineni, P., Griggs, J. A., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., Holmlund, P., Holt, J. W., Jacobel, R. W., Jenkins, A., Jokat, W., Jordan, T., King, E. C., Kohler, J., Krabill, W., Riger-Kusk, M., Langley, K. A., Leitchenkov, G., Leuschen, C., Luyendyk, B. P., Matsuoka, K., Mouginot, J., Nitsche, F. O., Nogi, Y., Nost, O. A., Popov, S. V., Rignot, E., Rippin, D. M., Rivera, A., Roberts, J., Ross, N., Siegert, M. J., Smith, A. M., Steinhage, D., Studinger, M., Sun, B., Tinto, B. K., Welch, B. C., Wilson, D., Young, D. A., Xiangbin, C., and Zirizzotti, A.: Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 7, 375–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013, 2013. a
Fricker, H. A. and Scambos, T. A.: Connected subglacial lake activity on lower
Mercer and Whillans Ice Streams, West Antarctica, 2003–2008, J.
Glaciol., 55, 303–315, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309788608813, 2009. a
Fricker, H. A., Scambos, T. A., Bindschadler, R. A., and Padman, L.: An active
subglacial water system in West Antarctica mapped from space, Science, 315,
1544–1548, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1136897, 2007. a
Fricker, H. A., Carter, S. P., Bell, R. E., and Scambos, T. A.: Active lakes
of Recovery Ice Stream, East Antarctica: A bedrock-controlled subglacial
hydrological system, J. Glaciol., 60, 1015–1030,
https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG14J063,
2014.
Gray, L., Joughin, I., Tulaczyk, S., Spikes, V. B., Bindschadler, R. A., and
Jezek, K.: Evidence for subglacial water transport in the West Antarctic Ice
Sheet through three-dimensional satellite radar interferometry, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 32, L03501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021387, 2005. a
Holt, J. W., Blankenship, D. D., Morse, D. L., Young, D. A., Peters, M. E.,
Kempf, S. D., Richter, T. G., Vaughan, D. G., and Corr, H. F. J.: New
boundary conditions for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: Subglacial topography
of the Thwaites and Smith glacier catchments, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
33, L09502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025561, 2006. a
Hunter, J. D.: Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment, Comput. Sci.
Eng., 9, 90–95, https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55, 2007. a
Jacobel, R. W., Welch, B. C., Osterhouse, D., Petttersson, R., and MacGregor,
J. A.: Spatial variation of radar-derived basal conditions on Kamb Ice
Stream, West Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 50, 10–16,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409789097504, 2009. a
Jamieson, S. S. R., Ross, N., Greenbaum, J. S., Young, D. A., Aitken, A. R. A.,
Roberts, J. L., Blankenship, D. D., and Siegert, M. J.: An extensive subglacial lake and canyon system in Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica,
Geology, 44, 87–90, https://doi.org/10.1130/G37220.1, 2016. a
Kapitsa, A. P., Ridley, J. K., Robin, G. d. Q., Siegert, M. J., and Zotikov,
I. A.: A large deep freshwater lake beneath the ice of central East
Antarctica, Nature, 381, 684–686, https://doi.org/10.1038/381684a0, 1996. a
Lee, W. S., Lee, J. I., Lindzey, L. E., Beem, L. H., Young, D. A., Quartini, E., Blankenship, D. D., Lee, C.-K., Lee, J., and Kempf, S. D.: Radar observations of an active subglacial lake system in the David Glacier catchment, Antarctica, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3874655, 2020a. a
Lee, W. S., Lee, J. I., Lindzey, L. E., Beem, L. H., Young, D. A., Quartini, E., Blankenship, D. D., Lee, C.-K., Lee, J., and Kempf, S. D.: Aerogeophysical characterization of an active subglacial lake system in the David Glacier catchment, Antarctica (Version 1.0.0), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3778452, 2020b. a
MacGregor, J. A., Winebrenner, D. P., Conway, H., Matsuoka, K., Mayewski,
P. A., and Clow, G. D.: Modeling englacial radar attenuation at Siple Dome,
West Antarctica, using ice chemistry and temperature data, J.
Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 112, F03008,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000717, 2007. a
MacGregor, J. A., Anandakrishnan, S., Catania, G. A., and Winebrenner, D. P.: The grounding zone of the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, from ice-penetrating radar, J. Glaciol., 57, 917–928, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311798043780, 2011. a
Matsuoka, K.: Pitfalls in radar diagnosis of ice-sheet bed conditions: Lessons
from englacial attenuation models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38,
L05505, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046205, 2011. a
Matsuoka, K., MacGregor, J. A., and Pattyn, F.: Predicting radar attenuation
within the Antarctic ice sheet, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,
359–360, 173–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.018, 2012. a, b, c, d
Matsuoka, K., Skoglund, A., and Roth, G.: Quantarctica, Norwegian Polar Institute,
https://doi.org/10.21334/npolar.2018.8516e961, 2018. a
Moussessian, A., Jordan, R. L., Rodriguez, E., Safaeinili, A., Atkins, T. L.,
Edelstein, W. N., Kim, Y., and Gogineni, S. P.: A New Coherent Radar for Ice
Sounding in Greenland, in: Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 484–486, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2000.861604, 2000. a
Oswald, G. K. A. and Robin, G. d. Q.: Lakes beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet,
Nature, 245, 251–254, https://doi.org/10.1038/245251a0, 1973. a, b
Paterson, W. S. B.: Physics of Glaciers, Pergamon Press, 3rd edn., 1994. a
Pattyn, F.: Antarctic subglacial conditions inferred from a hybrid ice sheet/ice stream model, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 295, 451–461, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.025, 2010. a
Peters, M. E., Blankenship, D. D., Carter, S. P., Kempf, S. D., Young, D. A.,
and Holt, J. W.: Along-track focusing of airborne radar sounding data from
West Antarctica for improving basal reflection analysis and layer detection, IEEE Trans.
Geosci. Remote Sens., 45, 2725–2736, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2007.897416,
2007a. a, b, c
Peters, M. E., Blankenship, D. D., Smith, D. E., Holt, J. W., and Kempf, S. D.:
The distribution and classification of bottom crevasses from radar sounding
of a large tabular iceberg, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., 4,
142–146, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2006.887057, 2007b. a
QGIS.org: QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project, available at: http://qgis.osgeo.org, last access: 2016. a
Rignot, E.: Mass balance of East Antarctic glaciers and ice shelves from
satellite data, Ann. Glaciol., 34, 217–227, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817419, 2002. a
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: Antarctic grounding line mapping
from differential satellite radar interferometry, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 38, L10504, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047109, 2011a. a
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: Ice flow of the Antarctic ice
sheet, Science, 333, 1427–1430, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1208336,
2011b. a
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: MEaSUREs InSAR-Based Antarctica Ice Velocity Map, Version 2, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, https://doi.org/10.5067/D7GK8F5J8M8R, 2017. a
Robin, G. d. Q., Evans, S., and Bailey, J. T.: Interpretation of radio echo
sounding in polar ice sheets, Philos. Trans. Roy.
Soc. London A, 265,
437–505, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1969.0063, 1969. a, b
Robin, G. de Q.: Ice Movement and Temperature Distribution in Glaciers and Ice Sheets, J. Glaciol., 2, 523–532, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214355793702028, 1955. a
Scambos, T. A., Haran, T. M., Fahnestock, M. A., Painter, T. H., and Bohlander,
J.: MODIS-based Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) data sets: Continent-wide surface
morphology and snow grain size, Remote Sens. Environ., 111,
242–257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.12.020,
2007. a
Scambos, T. A., Berthier, E., and Shuman, C. A.: The triggering of subglacial
lake drainage during rapid glacier drawdown: Crane Glacier, Antarctic
Peninsula, Ann. Glaciol., 52, 74–82,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756411799096204, 2011. a
Schroeder, D. M., Blankenship, D. D., and Young, D. A.: Evidence for a water
system transition beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 12225–12228, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302828110, 2013. a, b, c
Schroeder, D. M., Blankenship, D. D., Raney, R. K., and Grima, C.: Estimating
subglacial water geometry using radar bed echo specularity: Application to
Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens.
Lett., 12, 443–447, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2014.2337878,
2015. a, b, c
Schroeder, D. M., Seroussi, H., Chu, W., and Young, D. A.: Adaptively
constraining radar attenuation and temperature across the Thwaites Glacier
catchment using bed echoes, J. Glaciol., 62, 1075–1082,
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.100, 2016a. a
Schroeder, D. M., Grima, C., and Blankenship, D. D.: Evidence for variable grounding-zone and shear-margin basal conditions across Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, Geophysics, 81, WA35–WA43, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0122.1, 2016. a
Sergienko, O. V., MacAyeal, D. R., and Bindschadler, R. A.:
Causes of sudden, short-term changes in ice-stream surface elevation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031775, 2007. a
Siegert, M. J., Dowdeswell, J. A., Gorman, M. R., and Mcintyre, N. F.: An
inventory of Antarctic sub-glacial lakes, Antarct. Sci., 8, 281–286, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102096000405,
1996. a, b, c
Siegert, M. J., Carter, S., Tabacco, I., Popov, S., Blankenship, D. D., John,
A., and Jackson, K. G.: A revised inventory of Antarctic subglacial lakes,
Antarct. Sci., 17, 453–460, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102005002889, 2005. a
Siegert, M. J., Ross, N., Corr, H., Smith, B., Jordan, T., Bingham, R. G., Ferraccioli, F., Rippin, D. M., and Le Brocq, A.: Boundary conditions of an active West Antarctic subglacial lake: implications for storage of water beneath the ice sheet, The Cryosphere, 8, 15–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-15-2014, 2014. a, b
Siegfried, M. R. and Fricker, H. A.: Thirteen years of subglacial lake
activity in Antarctica from multi-mission satellite altimetry, Ann.
Glaciol., 59, 42–55, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.36, 2018. a, b
Siegfried, M. R., Fricker, H. A., Carter, S. P., and Tulaczyk, S.: Episodic
ice velocity fluctuations triggered by a subglacial flood in West
Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 2640–2648,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL067758, 2016. a
Skou, N. and Søndergaard, F.: Radioglaciology. A 60 MHz ice sounder
system., Tech. rep., Technical University of Denmark, 1976. a
Smith, B. E., Gourmelen, N., Huth, A., and Joughin, I.: Connected subglacial lake drainage beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 11, 451–467, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-451-2017, 2017. a, b
Stearns, L. A., Smith, B. E., and Hamilton, G. S.: Increased flow speed on a
large East Antarctic outlet glacier caused by subglacial floods, Nat.
Geosci., 1, 827–831, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo356,
2008. a, b
Tulaczyk, S., Mikucki, J. A., Siegfried, M. R., Priscu, J. C., Barcheck, C. G.,
Beem, L. H., Behar, A., Burnett, J., Christner, B. C., Fisher, A. T.,
Fricker, H. A., Mankoff, K. D., Powell, R. D., Rack, F., Sampson, D.,
Scherer, R. P., Schwartz, S. Y., Wissard, T. H. E., and Team, S.: WISSARD at
Subglacial Lake Whillans, West Antarctica: scientific operations and
initial observations, Ann. Glaciol., 55, 51–58,
https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG65A009, 2014. a
Van Liefferinge, B., Pattyn, F., Cavitte, M. G. P., Karlsson, N. B., Young, D. A., Sutter, J., and Eisen, O.: Promising Oldest Ice sites in East Antarctica based on thermodynamical modelling, The Cryosphere, 12, 2773–2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2773-2018, 2018. a
van Wessem, J. M., Reijmer, C. H., Lenaerts, J. T. M., van de Berg, W. J., van den Broeke, M. R., and van Meijgaard, E.: Updated cloud physics in a regional atmospheric climate model improves the modelled surface energy balance of Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 8, 125–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-125-2014, 2014. a
van Wessem, J. M., Reijmer, C. H., Morlighem, M.. Mouginot, J.. Rignot, E., Medley, B., Joughin, I., Wouters, B., Depoorter, M. A., Bamber, J. L., Lenaerts, J. T. M., van de Berg, W. J., van den Broeke, M. R., and van Meijgaard, E.: Improved representation of East Antarctic surface mass balance in a regional atmospheric climate model, J. Glaciol., 60, 761–770, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG14J051, 2014b. a
Welch, B. C., Jacobel, R. W., and Arcone, S. A.: First results from radar
profiles collected along the US-ITASE traverse from Taylor Dome to South Pole
(2006–2008), Ann. Glaciol., 50, 35–41,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756409789097496, 2009. a, b, c, d
Werder, M. A., Hewitt, I. J., Schoof, C. G., and Flowers, G. E.: Modeling
channelized and distributed subglacial drainage in two dimensions, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 118, 2140–2158,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20146, 2013. a
Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F.: Free software helps map and display data, Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys.
Union, 72, 441–446, https://doi.org/10.1029/90EO00319, 1991. a
Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F.: New, Improved Version of Generic Mapping Tools
Released, Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 79, 579 p., 1998. a
Wingham, D. J., Siegert, M. J., Shepherd, A. P., and Muir, A. S.: Rapid
discharge connects Antarctic subglacial lakes, Nature, 440, 1033–1036, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04660,
2006. a, b, c
Wright, A. P., Young, D. A., Roberts, J. L., Schroeder, D. M., Bamber, J. L., Dowdeswell, J. A., Young, N. W., Le Brocq, A. M., Warner, R. C., Payne, A. J., Blankenship, D. D.., van Ommen, T. D., and Siegert, M. J.: Evidence of a hydrological connection between the ice
divide and ice sheet margin in the Aurora Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 117, F01033, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002066, 2012. a, b, c
Wright, A. P., Young, D. A., Bamber, J. L., Dowdeswell, J. A., Payne, a. J.,
Blankenship, D. D., and Siegert, M. J.: Subglacial hydrological connectivity
within the Byrd Glacier catchment, East Antarctica, J. Glaciol.,
60, 345–352, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG13J014, 2014. a, b, c
Young, D. A., Kempf, S. D., Blankenship, D. D., Holt, J. W., and Morse, D. L.:
New airborne laser altimetry over the Thwaites Glacier catchment, West
Antarctica, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q06006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GC001935, 2008. a
Young, D. A., Wright, A. P., Roberts, J. L., Warner, R. C., Young, N. W., Greenbaum, J. S., Schroeder, D. M., Holt, J. W., Sugden, D. E., Blankenship, D. D., van Ommen, T. D., and Siegert, M. J.: A dynamic early East Antarctic Ice Sheet suggested by
ice-covered fjord landscapes, Nature, 474, 72–75, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10114, 2011.
Young, D. A., Lindzey, L. E., Blankenship, D. D., Greenbaum, J. S., de Gorordo,
A. G., Kempf, S. D., Roberts, J. L., Warner, R. C., van Ommen, T., Siegert,
M. J., and le Meur, E.: Land-ice elevation changes from photon counting
swath altimetry: First applications over the Antarctic ice sheet, J.
Glaciol., 61, 17–28, https://doi.org/10.3189/2015JoG14J048, 2015. a
Young, D. A., Schroeder, D. M., Blankenship, D. D., Kempf, S. D., and Quartini,
E.: The distribution of basal water between Antarctic subglacial lakes from
radar sounding, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A, 374, 20140297,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0297, 2016. a, b
Young, D. A., Roberts, J. L., Ritz, C., Frezzotti, M., Quartini, E., Cavitte, M. G. P., Tozer, C. R., Steinhage, D., Urbini, S., Corr, H. F. J., van Ommen, T., and Blankenship, D. D.: High-resolution boundary conditions of an old ice target near Dome C, Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 11, 1897–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1897-2017, 2017. a
Zwally, H. J., Schutz, B., Abdalati, W., Abshire, J., Bentley, C. R., Brenner, A., Bufton, J., Dezio, J., Hancock, D., Harding, D., Herring, T., Minster, B., Quinn, K., Palmi, S., Spinhirne, J., and Thomas, R.: ICESat's
laser measurements of polar ice, atmosphere, ocean, and land, J. Geodynam., 34, 405–445, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(02)00042-X, 2002. a
Short summary
An extensive aerogeophysical survey including two active subglacial lakes was conducted over David Glacier, Antarctica. Laser altimetry shows that the lakes were at a highstand, while ice-penetrating radar has no unique signature for the lakes when compared to the broader basal environment. This suggests that active subglacial lakes are more likely to be part of a distributed subglacial hydrological system than to be discrete reservoirs, which has implications for future surveys and drilling.
An extensive aerogeophysical survey including two active subglacial lakes was conducted over...
