Articles | Volume 8, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1177-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1177-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Jul 2014
Research article |
| 11 Jul 2014
Thermokarst lake waters across the permafrost zones of western Siberia
R. M. Manasypov
Geoscience and Environnement Toulouse, UMR5563 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, France
Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, 36 Lenin av., Russia
O. S. Pokrovsky
Geoscience and Environnement Toulouse, UMR5563 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, France
Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, 36 Lenin av., Russia
S. N. Kirpotin
Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, 36 Lenin av., Russia
L. S. Shirokova
Geoscience and Environnement Toulouse, UMR5563 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, France
Institute of Ecological Problems of the North UroRAS, 163061, Arkhangelsk, Nab. Severnoj Dviny, 23, Russia
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Ivan V. Krickov, Artem G. Lim, Rinat M. Manasypov, Sergey V. Loiko, Liudmila S. Shirokova, Sergey N. Kirpotin, Jan Karlsson, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 15, 6867–6884, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6867-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6867-2018, 2018
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We tested the effect of climate, permafrost and physio-geographical landscape parameters on particulate C, N and P concentrations in small- and medium- sized rivers in the Western Siberian Lowland (WSL). We discovered a maximum of particulate C and N concentrations at the beginning of the permafrost appearance. A northward shift of permafrost boundaries may increase the particulate C and N export by WSL rivers to the Arctic Ocean by a factor of 2.
Vladimir P. Shevchenko, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Sergey N. Vorobyev, Ivan V. Krickov, Rinat M. Manasypov, Nadezhda V. Politova, Sergey G. Kopysov, Olga M. Dara, Yves Auda, Liudmila S. Shirokova, Larisa G. Kolesnichenko, Valery A. Zemtsov, and Sergey N. Kirpotin
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We used a coupled hydrological–hydrochemical approach to assess the impact of snow on river and lake water chemistry across a permafrost gradient in very poorly studied Western Siberia Lowland (WSL), encompassing > 1.5 million km2. The riverine springtime fluxes of major and trace element in WSL rivers might be strongly overestimated due to previously unknown input from the snow deposition.
Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Rinat M. Manasypov, Sergey V. Loiko, Ivan A. Krickov, Sergey G. Kopysov, Larisa G. Kolesnichenko, Sergey N. Vorobyev, and Sergey N. Kirpotin
Biogeosciences, 13, 1877–1900, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1877-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1877-2016, 2016
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Climate change in western Siberia and permafrost boundary migration will essentially affect the elements controlled by underground water feeding (DIC, alkaline earth elements (Ca, Sr), oxyanions (Mo, Sb, As) and U). The thickening of the active layer may increase the export of trivalent and tetravalent hydrolysates in the form of organo-ferric colloids.
O. S. Pokrovsky, R. M. Manasypov, S. Loiko, L. S. Shirokova, I. A. Krickov, B. G. Pokrovsky, L. G. Kolesnichenko, S. G. Kopysov, V. A. Zemtzov, S. P. Kulizhsky, S. N. Vorobyev, and S. N. Kirpotin
Biogeosciences, 12, 6301–6320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6301-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6301-2015, 2015
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The governing parameter of DOC and major element concentrations and fluxes in western Siberia is latitude. High fluxes in the continuous permafrost zone of frozen peat bogs stem from the fact that the underlining mineral layer is not reactive, protected by the permafrost so that the major part of the active layer is located within the organic (peat) matrix and not the mineral matrix. Possible changes in export fluxes of DOC and major river water components under permafrost thaw are quantified.
R. M. Manasypov, S. N. Vorobyev, S. V. Loiko, I. V. Kritzkov, L. S. Shirokova, V. P. Shevchenko, S. N. Kirpotin, S. P. Kulizhsky, L. G. Kolesnichenko, V. A. Zemtzov, V. V. Sinkinov, and O. S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 12, 3009–3028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3009-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3009-2015, 2015
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A year-around hydrochemical study (including full winter freezing and spring flood) of shallow thermokarst lakes from a discontinuous permafrost zone of western Siberia revealed conceptually new features of element concentration evolution over different seasons within a large scale of the lake size.
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The Cryosphere, 18, 5865–5885, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5865-2024, 2024
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Permafrost (permanently frozen soil at depth) is thawing as a result of climate change. However, estimating its future degradation is particularly challenging due to the complex multi-physical processes involved. In this work, we designed and ran numerical simulations for months on a supercomputer to quantify the impact of climate change in a forested valley of central Siberia. There, climate change could increase the thickness of the seasonally thawed soil layer in summer by up to 65 % by 2100.
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In boreal (non-permafrost) humic (>15 mg DOC/L) waters of a forest lake and a bog, the experimentally measured rate of photodegradation is 4 times higher than that of biodegradation. However, given the shallow (0.5 m) light-penetrating layer versus the full depth of water column (2–10 m), the biodegradation may provide the largest contribution to CO2 emission from the water surfaces
Simon Cazaurang, Manuel Marcoux, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Sergey V. Loiko, Artem G. Lim, Stéphane Audry, Liudmila S. Shirokova, and Laurent Orgogozo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 431–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-431-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-431-2023, 2023
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Moss, lichen and peat samples are reconstructed using X-ray tomography. Most samples can be cut down to a representative volume based on porosity. However, only homogeneous samples could be reduced to a representative volume based on hydraulic conductivity. For heterogeneous samples, a devoted pore network model is computed. The studied samples are mostly highly porous and water-conductive. These results must be put into perspective with compressibility phenomena occurring in field tests.
Artem G. Lim, Ivan V. Krickov, Sergey N. Vorobyev, Mikhail A. Korets, Sergey Kopysov, Liudmila S. Shirokova, Jan Karlsson, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 19, 5859–5877, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5859-2022, 2022
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In order to quantify C transport and emission and main environmental factors controlling the C cycle in Siberian rivers, we investigated the largest tributary of the Ob River, the Ket River basin, by measuring spatial and seasonal variations in carbon CO2 and CH4 concentrations and emissions together with hydrochemical analyses. The obtained results are useful for large-scale modeling of C emission and export fluxes from permafrost-free boreal rivers of an underrepresented region of the world.
Sergey N. Vorobyev, Jan Karlsson, Yuri Y. Kolesnichenko, Mikhail A. Korets, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 18, 4919–4936, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4919-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4919-2021, 2021
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In order to quantify riverine carbon (C) exchange with the atmosphere in permafrost regions, we report a first assessment of CO2 and CH4 concentration and fluxes of the largest permafrost-affected river, the Lena River, during the peak of spring flow. The results allowed identification of environmental factors controlling GHG concentrations and emission in the Lena River watershed; this new knowledge can be used for foreseeing future changes in C balance in permafrost-affected Arctic rivers.
Artem G. Lim, Martin Jiskra, Jeroen E. Sonke, Sergey V. Loiko, Natalia Kosykh, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
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To better understand the mercury (Hg) content in northern soils, we measured Hg concentration in peat cores across a 1700 km permafrost gradient in Siberia. We demonstrated a northward increase in Hg concentration in peat and Hg pools in frozen peatlands. We revised the 0–30 cm northern soil Hg pool to be 72 Gg, which is 7 % of the global soil Hg pool of 1086 Gg. The results are important for understanding Hg exchange between soil, water, and the atmosphere under climate change in the Arctic.
Liudmila S. Shirokova, Artem V. Chupakov, Svetlana A. Zabelina, Natalia V. Neverova, Dahedrey Payandi-Rolland, Carole Causserand, Jan Karlsson, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
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Regardless of the size and landscape context of surface water in frozen peatland in NE Europe, the bio- and photo-degradability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) over a 1-month incubation across a range of temperatures was below 10 %. We challenge the paradigm of dominance of photolysis and biodegradation in DOM processing in surface waters from frozen peatland, and we hypothesize peat pore-water DOM degradation and respiration of sediments to be the main drivers of CO2 emission in this region.
Ivan V. Krickov, Artem G. Lim, Rinat M. Manasypov, Sergey V. Loiko, Liudmila S. Shirokova, Sergey N. Kirpotin, Jan Karlsson, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 15, 6867–6884, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6867-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6867-2018, 2018
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We tested the effect of climate, permafrost and physio-geographical landscape parameters on particulate C, N and P concentrations in small- and medium- sized rivers in the Western Siberian Lowland (WSL). We discovered a maximum of particulate C and N concentrations at the beginning of the permafrost appearance. A northward shift of permafrost boundaries may increase the particulate C and N export by WSL rivers to the Arctic Ocean by a factor of 2.
Vladimir P. Shevchenko, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Sergey N. Vorobyev, Ivan V. Krickov, Rinat M. Manasypov, Nadezhda V. Politova, Sergey G. Kopysov, Olga M. Dara, Yves Auda, Liudmila S. Shirokova, Larisa G. Kolesnichenko, Valery A. Zemtsov, and Sergey N. Kirpotin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5725–5746, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5725-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5725-2017, 2017
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We used a coupled hydrological–hydrochemical approach to assess the impact of snow on river and lake water chemistry across a permafrost gradient in very poorly studied Western Siberia Lowland (WSL), encompassing > 1.5 million km2. The riverine springtime fluxes of major and trace element in WSL rivers might be strongly overestimated due to previously unknown input from the snow deposition.
Aleksandr F. Sabrekov, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Mikhail V. Glagolev, Irina E. Terentieva, Victor M. Stepanenko, Oleg R. Kotsyurbenko, Shamil S. Maksyutov, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 14, 3715–3742, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3715-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3715-2017, 2017
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Boreal lakes and wetland ponds have pronounced impacts on the global methane cycle. During field campaigns to West Siberian lakes, strong variations in the methane flux on both local and regional scales were observed, with significant emissions from southern taiga lakes. A newly constructed process-based model helps reveal what controls this variability and on what spatial scales. Our results provide insights into the emissions and possible ways to significantly improve global carbon models.
Tatiana V. Raudina, Sergey V. Loiko, Artyom G. Lim, Ivan V. Krickov, Liudmila S. Shirokova, Georgy I. Istigechev, Daria M. Kuzmina, Sergey P. Kulizhsky, Sergey N. Vorobyev, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 14, 3561–3584, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3561-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3561-2017, 2017
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We collected peat porewaters across a 640 km latitudinal transect of sporadic to continuous permafrost zone and analyzed organic carbon and trace metals. There was no distinct decrease in concentration along the latitudinal transect from 62.2° N to 67.4° N. The northward migration of the permafrost boundary or the change of hydrological regime is unlikely to modify chemical composition of peat porewater fluids larger than their natural variation within different micro-landscapes.
Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Rinat M. Manasypov, Sergey V. Loiko, Ivan A. Krickov, Sergey G. Kopysov, Larisa G. Kolesnichenko, Sergey N. Vorobyev, and Sergey N. Kirpotin
Biogeosciences, 13, 1877–1900, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1877-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1877-2016, 2016
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Climate change in western Siberia and permafrost boundary migration will essentially affect the elements controlled by underground water feeding (DIC, alkaline earth elements (Ca, Sr), oxyanions (Mo, Sb, As) and U). The thickening of the active layer may increase the export of trivalent and tetravalent hydrolysates in the form of organo-ferric colloids.
O. S. Pokrovsky, R. M. Manasypov, S. Loiko, L. S. Shirokova, I. A. Krickov, B. G. Pokrovsky, L. G. Kolesnichenko, S. G. Kopysov, V. A. Zemtzov, S. P. Kulizhsky, S. N. Vorobyev, and S. N. Kirpotin
Biogeosciences, 12, 6301–6320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6301-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6301-2015, 2015
Short summary
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The governing parameter of DOC and major element concentrations and fluxes in western Siberia is latitude. High fluxes in the continuous permafrost zone of frozen peat bogs stem from the fact that the underlining mineral layer is not reactive, protected by the permafrost so that the major part of the active layer is located within the organic (peat) matrix and not the mineral matrix. Possible changes in export fluxes of DOC and major river water components under permafrost thaw are quantified.
R. M. Manasypov, S. N. Vorobyev, S. V. Loiko, I. V. Kritzkov, L. S. Shirokova, V. P. Shevchenko, S. N. Kirpotin, S. P. Kulizhsky, L. G. Kolesnichenko, V. A. Zemtzov, V. V. Sinkinov, and O. S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 12, 3009–3028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3009-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3009-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A year-around hydrochemical study (including full winter freezing and spring flood) of shallow thermokarst lakes from a discontinuous permafrost zone of western Siberia revealed conceptually new features of element concentration evolution over different seasons within a large scale of the lake size.
O. S. Pokrovsky, L. S. Shirokova, J. Viers, V. V. Gordeev, V. P. Shevchenko, A. V. Chupakov, T. Y. Vorobieva, F. Candaudap, C. Causserand, A. Lanzanova, and C. Zouiten
Ocean Sci., 10, 107–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-107-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-107-2014, 2014
O. S. Pokrovsky, L. S. Shirokova, S. N. Kirpotin, S. P. Kulizhsky, and S. N. Vorobiev
Biogeosciences, 10, 5349–5365, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5349-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5349-2013, 2013
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Biogeochemistry/Biology
Review article: Terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in northern permafrost
Environmental controls on observed spatial variability of soil pore water geochemistry in small headwater catchments underlain with permafrost
Responses of dissolved organic carbon to freeze–thaw cycles associated with the changes in microbial activity and soil structure
Biogeochemical evolution of ponded meltwater in a High Arctic subglacial tunnel
Variation in bacterial composition, diversity, and activity across different subglacial basal ice types
Variability in sea ice carbonate chemistry: a case study comparing the importance of ikaite precipitation, bottom-ice algae, and currents across an invisible polynya
Molecular biomarkers in Batagay megaslump permafrost deposits reveal clear differences in organic matter preservation between glacial and interglacial periods
High nitrate variability on an Alaskan permafrost hillslope dominated by alder shrubs
Improved ELMv1-ECA simulations of zero-curtain periods and cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions at Alaskan Arctic tundra sites
Methane cycling within sea ice: results from drifting ice during late spring, north of Svalbard
Heterogeneous CO2 and CH4 content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes
The role of vadose zone physics in the ecohydrological response of a Tibetan meadow to freeze–thaw cycles
Permafrost thawing exhibits a greater influence on bacterial richness and community structure than permafrost age in Arctic permafrost soils
Physically based model of the contribution of red snow algal cells to temporal changes in albedo in northwest Greenland
Large carbon cycle sensitivities to climate across a permafrost thaw gradient in subarctic Sweden
Microbial processes in the weathering crust aquifer of a temperate glacier
Carbonaceous material export from Siberian permafrost tracked across the Arctic Shelf using Raman spectroscopy
Consumption of atmospheric methane by the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau alpine steppe ecosystem
Landform partitioning and estimates of deep storage of soil organic matter in Zackenberg, Greenland
Impact of icebergs on net primary productivity in the Southern Ocean
Macromolecular composition of terrestrial and marine organic matter in sediments across the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
Estimates of ikaite export from sea ice to the underlying seawater in a sea ice–seawater mesocosm
Liam Heffernan, Dolly N. Kothawala, and Lars J. Tranvik
The Cryosphere, 18, 1443–1465, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1443-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1443-2024, 2024
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The northern permafrost region stores half the world's soil carbon. As the region warms, permafrost thaws and releases dissolved organic carbon, which leads to decomposition of this carbon pool or export into aquatic ecosystems. In this study we developed a new database of 2276 dissolved organic carbon concentrations in eight different ecosystems from 111 studies published over 22 years. This study highlights that coastal areas may play an important role in future high-latitude carbon cycling.
Nathan Alec Conroy, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Emma Lathrop, Dea Musa, Brent D. Newman, Chonggang Xu, Rachael E. McCaully, Carli A. Arendt, Verity G. Salmon, Amy Breen, Vladimir Romanovsky, Katrina E. Bennett, Cathy J. Wilson, and Stan D. Wullschleger
The Cryosphere, 17, 3987–4006, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3987-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3987-2023, 2023
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This study combines field observations, non-parametric statistical analyses, and thermodynamic modeling to characterize the environmental causes of the spatial variability in soil pore water solute concentrations across two Arctic catchments with varying extents of permafrost. Vegetation type, soil moisture and redox conditions, weathering and hydrologic transport, and mineral solubility were all found to be the primary drivers of the existing spatial variability of some soil pore water solutes.
You Jin Kim, Jinhyun Kim, and Ji Young Jung
The Cryosphere, 17, 3101–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3101-2023, 2023
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This study demonstrated the response of organic soils in the Arctic tundra to freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs), focusing on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The highlights found in this study are as follows: (i) FTCs altered DOC properties without decreasing soil microbial activities, and (ii) soil aggregate distribution influenced by FTCs changed DOC characteristics by enhancing microbial activities and altering specific-sized soil pore proportion.
Ashley J. Dubnick, Rachel L. Spietz, Brad D. Danielson, Mark L. Skidmore, Eric S. Boyd, Dave Burgess, Charvanaa Dhoonmoon, and Martin Sharp
The Cryosphere, 17, 2993–3012, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2993-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2993-2023, 2023
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At the end of an Arctic winter, we found ponded water 500 m under a glacier. We explored the chemistry and microbiology of this unique, dark, and cold aquatic habitat to better understand ecology beneath glaciers. The water was occupied by cold-loving and cold-tolerant microbes with versatile metabolisms and broad habitat ranges and was depleted in compounds commonly used by microbes. These results show that microbes can become established beneath glaciers and deplete nutrients within months.
Shawn M. Doyle and Brent C. Christner
The Cryosphere, 16, 4033–4051, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4033-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4033-2022, 2022
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Here we examine the diversity and activity of microbes inhabiting different types of basal ice. We combine this with a meta-analysis to provide a broad overview of the specific microbial lineages enriched in a diverse range of frozen environments. Our results indicate debris-rich basal ice horizons harbor microbes that actively conduct biogeochemical cycling at subzero temperatures and reveal similarities between the microbiomes of basal ice and other permanently frozen environments.
Brent G. T. Else, Araleigh Cranch, Richard P. Sims, Samantha Jones, Laura A. Dalman, Christopher J. Mundy, Rebecca A. Segal, Randall K. Scharien, and Tania Guha
The Cryosphere, 16, 3685–3701, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3685-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3685-2022, 2022
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Sea ice helps control how much carbon dioxide polar oceans absorb. We compared ice cores from two sites to look for differences in carbon chemistry: one site had thin ice due to strong ocean currents and thick snow; the other site had thick ice, thin snow, and weak currents. We did find some differences in small layers near the top and the bottom of the cores, but for most of the ice volume the chemistry was the same. This result will help build better models of the carbon sink in polar oceans.
Loeka L. Jongejans, Kai Mangelsdorf, Cornelia Karger, Thomas Opel, Sebastian Wetterich, Jérémy Courtin, Hanno Meyer, Alexander I. Kizyakov, Guido Grosse, Andrei G. Shepelev, Igor I. Syromyatnikov, Alexander N. Fedorov, and Jens Strauss
The Cryosphere, 16, 3601–3617, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3601-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3601-2022, 2022
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Large parts of Arctic Siberia are underlain by permafrost. Climate warming leads to permafrost thaw. At the Batagay megaslump, permafrost sediments up to ~ 650 kyr old are exposed. We took sediment samples and analysed the organic matter (e.g. plant remains). We found distinct differences in the biomarker distributions between the glacial and interglacial deposits with generally stronger microbial activity during interglacial periods. Further permafrost thaw enhances greenhouse gas emissions.
Rachael E. McCaully, Carli A. Arendt, Brent D. Newman, Verity G. Salmon, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Cathy J. Wilson, Sanna Sevanto, Nathan A. Wales, George B. Perkins, Oana C. Marina, and Stan D. Wullschleger
The Cryosphere, 16, 1889–1901, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1889-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1889-2022, 2022
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Degrading permafrost and shrub expansion are critically important to tundra biogeochemistry. We observed significant variability in soil pore water NO3-N in an alder-dominated permafrost hillslope in Alaska. Proximity to alder shrubs and the presence or absence of topographic gradients and precipitation events strongly influence NO3-N availability and mobility. The highly dynamic nature of labile N on small spatiotemporal scales has implications for nutrient responses to a warming Arctic.
Jing Tao, Qing Zhu, William J. Riley, and Rebecca B. Neumann
The Cryosphere, 15, 5281–5307, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5281-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5281-2021, 2021
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We improved the DOE's E3SM land model (ELMv1-ECA) simulations of soil temperature, zero-curtain period durations, cold-season CH4, and CO2 emissions at several Alaskan Arctic tundra sites. We demonstrated that simulated CH4 emissions during zero-curtain periods accounted for more than 50 % of total emissions throughout the entire cold season (Sep to May). We also found that cold-season CO2 emissions largely offset warm-season net uptake currently and showed increasing trends from 1950 to 2017.
Josefa Verdugo, Ellen Damm, and Anna Nikolopoulos
The Cryosphere, 15, 2701–2717, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2701-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2701-2021, 2021
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We show that the ice structures determine the fate of methane during the early melt season and that sea ice may act as a sink of methane when methane oxidation occurs in specific layers of thick and complex sea ice. In spring, when ice melt starts, sea ice methane released into the ocean is the favored pathway. We suggest that changes in ice cover are thus likely to change the methane pathways in the Arctic Ocean and sea ice as a potential source of methane supersaturation in surface waters.
Andrea J. Pain, Jonathan B. Martin, Ellen E. Martin, Åsa K. Rennermalm, and Shaily Rahman
The Cryosphere, 15, 1627–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021, 2021
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The greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane and carbon dioxide can be produced or consumed by geochemical processes under the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Chemical signatures and concentrations of GHGs in GrIS discharge show that organic matter remineralization produces GHGs in some locations, but mineral weathering dominates and consumes CO2 in other locations. Local processes will therefore determine whether melting of the GrIS is a positive or negative feedback on climate change driven by GHG forcing.
Lianyu Yu, Simone Fatichi, Yijian Zeng, and Zhongbo Su
The Cryosphere, 14, 4653–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4653-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4653-2020, 2020
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The role of soil water and heat transfer physics in portraying the function of a cold region ecosystem was investigated. We found that explicitly considering the frozen soil physics and coupled water and heat transfer is important in mimicking soil hydrothermal dynamics. The presence of soil ice can alter the vegetation leaf onset date and deep leakage. Different complexity in representing vadose zone physics does not considerably affect interannual energy, water, and carbon fluxes.
Mukan Ji, Weidong Kong, Chao Liang, Tianqi Zhou, Hongzeng Jia, and Xiaobin Dong
The Cryosphere, 14, 3907–3916, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3907-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3907-2020, 2020
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Old permafrost soil usually has more carbohydrates, while younger soil contains more aliphatic carbons, which substantially impacts soil bacterial communities. However, little is known about how permafrost age and thawing drive microbial communities. We found that permafrost thawing significantly increased bacterial richness in young permafrost and changed soil bacterial compositions at all ages. This suggests that thawing results in distinct bacterial species and alters soil carbon degradation.
Yukihiko Onuma, Nozomu Takeuchi, Sota Tanaka, Naoko Nagatsuka, Masashi Niwano, and Teruo Aoki
The Cryosphere, 14, 2087–2101, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2087-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2087-2020, 2020
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Surface snow albedo is substantially reduced by organic impurities, such as microbes that live in the snow. We present the temporal changes of surface albedo, snow grain size, and inorganic and organic impurities observed on a snowpack in northwest Greenland during summer and our attempt to reproduce the changes in albedo with a physically based snow albedo model coupled with a snow algae model. To our knowledge, this is the first report proposing such a coupled albedo model in Greenland.
Kuang-Yu Chang, William J. Riley, Patrick M. Crill, Robert F. Grant, Virginia I. Rich, and Scott R. Saleska
The Cryosphere, 13, 647–663, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-647-2019, 2019
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Permafrost peatlands store large amounts of carbon potentially vulnerable to decomposition under changing climate. We estimated effects of climate forcing biases on carbon cycling at a thawing permafrost peatland in subarctic Sweden. Our results indicate that many climate reanalysis products are cold and wet biased in our study region, leading to erroneous active layer depth and carbon budget estimates. Future studies should recognize the effects of climate forcing uncertainty on carbon cycling.
Brent C. Christner, Heather F. Lavender, Christina L. Davis, Erin E. Oliver, Sarah U. Neuhaus, Krista F. Myers, Birgit Hagedorn, Slawek M. Tulaczyk, Peter T. Doran, and William C. Stone
The Cryosphere, 12, 3653–3669, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3653-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3653-2018, 2018
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Solar radiation that penetrates into the glacier heats the ice to produce nutrient-containing meltwater and provides light that fuels an ecosystem within the ice. Our analysis documents a near-surface photic zone in a glacier that functions as a liquid water oasis in the ice over half the annual cycle. Since microbial growth on glacier surfaces reduces the amount of solar radiation reflected, microbial processes at depths below the surface may also darken ice and accelerate meltwater production.
Robert B. Sparkes, Melissa Maher, Jerome Blewett, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor P. Semiletov, and Bart E. van Dongen
The Cryosphere, 12, 3293–3309, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018, 2018
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Ongoing climate change in the Siberian Arctic region has the potential to release large amounts of carbon, currently stored in permafrost, to the Arctic Shelf. Degradation can release this to the atmosphere as greenhouse gas. We used Raman spectroscopy to analyse a fraction of this carbon, carbonaceous material, a group that includes coal, lignite and graphite. We were able to trace this carbon from the river mouths and coastal erosion sites across the Arctic shelf for hundreds of kilometres.
Hanbo Yun, Qingbai Wu, Qianlai Zhuang, Anping Chen, Tong Yu, Zhou Lyu, Yuzhong Yang, Huijun Jin, Guojun Liu, Yang Qu, and Licheng Liu
The Cryosphere, 12, 2803–2819, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2803-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2803-2018, 2018
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Here we reported the QTP permafrost region was a CH4 sink of −0.86 ± 0.23 g CH4-C m−2 yr−1 over 2012–2016, soil temperature and soil water content were dominant factors controlling CH4 fluxes, and their correlations changed with soil depth due to cryoturbation dynamics. This region was a net CH4 sink in autumn, but a net source in spring, despite both seasons experiencing similar top soil thawing and freezing dynamics.
Juri Palmtag, Stefanie Cable, Hanne H. Christiansen, Gustaf Hugelius, and Peter Kuhry
The Cryosphere, 12, 1735–1744, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1735-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1735-2018, 2018
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This study aims to improve the previous soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage estimates for the Zackenberg area (NE Greenland) that were based on a land cover classification approach, by using geomorphological upscaling. The landform-based approach more correctly constrains the depositional areas in alluvial fans and deltas with high SOC and TN storage. This research emphasises the need to consider geomorphology when assessing SOC pools in mountain permafrost landscapes.
Shuang-Ye Wu and Shugui Hou
The Cryosphere, 11, 707–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-707-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-707-2017, 2017
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The primary productivity in the Southern Ocean (SO) is limited by the amount of iron available for biological activities. Recent studies show that icebergs could be a main source of iron to the SO. Based on remote sensing data, our study shows that iceberg presence is associated with elevated levels of ocean productivity, particularly in iron-deficient regions. This impact could serve as a negative feedback to the climate system.
Robert B. Sparkes, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor P. Semiletov, Negar Haghipour, Lukas Wacker, Timothy I. Eglinton, Helen M. Talbot, and Bart E. van Dongen
The Cryosphere, 10, 2485–2500, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, 2016
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The permafrost in eastern Siberia contains large amounts of carbon frozen in soils and sediments. Continuing global warming is thawing the permafrost and releasing carbon to the Arctic Ocean. We used pyrolysis-GCMS, a chemical fingerprinting technique, to study the types of carbon being deposited on the continental shelf. We found large amounts of permafrost-sourced carbon being deposited up to 200 km offshore.
Nicolas-Xavier Geilfus, Ryan J. Galley, Brent G. T. Else, Karley Campbell, Tim Papakyriakou, Odile Crabeck, Marcos Lemes, Bruno Delille, and Søren Rysgaard
The Cryosphere, 10, 2173–2189, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2173-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2173-2016, 2016
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The fate of ikaite precipitation within sea ice is poorly understood. In this study, we estimated ikaite precipitation of up to 167 µmol kg-1 within sea ice, while its export and dissolution into the underlying seawater was responsible for a TA increase of 64–66 μmol kg-1. We estimated that more than half of the total ikaite precipitated was still contained in the ice when sea ice began to melt. The dissolution of the ikaite crystals in the water column kept the seawater pCO2 undersaturated.
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