Articles | Volume 19, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-997-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-997-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Mar 2025
Research article |
| 06 Mar 2025
| 06 Mar 2025
Mapping subsea permafrost around Tuktoyaktuk Island (Northwest Territories, Canada) using electrical resistivity tomography
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Michael Angelopoulos
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Jens Tronicke
Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Scott R. Dallimore
Geological Survey of Canada, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
Dustin Whalen
Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada – Atlantic Division, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
Julia Boike
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Geography Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Pier Paul Overduin
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Annabeth McCall, Martin Hieronymi, P. Paul Overduin, Lisa Bröder, Julie Lattaud, Rüdiger Röttgers, Irina Overeem, Anne Morgenstern, Guido Grosse, and Bennet Juhls
Biogeosciences, 23, 5921–5942, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-5921-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-5921-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how carbon and sediments move from the Mackenzie River, through its delta, and into the Beaufort Sea. We use data from 2009–2024 and show that major changes in carbon concentrations unfold in low-salinity mixing zones. As the optical properties of the water also shift, satellite estimates of carbon will require more tailored methods. These findings will improve our understanding of Arctic carbon fluxes and influences on the greater Arctic Ocean carbon budget.
Johnny Rutherford, Nick Rutter, Leanne Wake, Georgina Wooley, Julia Boike, and Alex J. Cannon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3363, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3363, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for The Cryosphere (TC).
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is warming rapidly, threatening to release vast carbon stores from frozen soils. Climate models consistently misrepresent Arctic snow, causing soils to appear artificially cold. We used a random forest model to better predict winter snow density and fed these improved estimates into a widely used climate model which raised projected soil temperatures by up to 7 °C, suggesting current forecasts of soil temperature and carbon release are likely underestimated.
George Tanski, Michael Fritz, Jorien E. Vonk, Jens Strauss, Léo Chassiot, Vladislav Carnero-Bravo, Jade Falardeau, Kostantin Klein, Parick Lajeunesse, Hugues Lantuit, Niek J. Speetjens, Anne de Vernal, Dustin Whalen, and Anna M. Irrgang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2314, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2314, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
As the Arctic warms, permafrost coasts erode rapidly, flushing carbon from frozen ground into the sea. We studied a lagoon in the western Canadian Arctic, collecting sediments and analyzing organic carbon content, stable isotopes, and grain size, alongside satellite imagery. Carbon content fell by over 50 % from land to open ocean, while erosion rates quintupled since the 1950s. Arctic lagoons bury, degrade, and export terrestrial carbon, acting as coastal reactors whose role will grow.
Lutz Schirrmeister, Nikita Demidov, Vasily Demidov, Paul Overduin, Walter Schirrmeister, Diana Soloveva, Sergey Verkulich, and Sebastian Wetterich
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1377, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1377, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for The Cryosphere (TC).
Short summary
Short summary
Based on permafrost core and exposure data, three main stages of landscape dynamics could be identified for the study region in the coastal areas of Isfjord and Grønfjord, and the Grøndalen and Hollendardalen valleys. Our research indicates spatial and temporal changes in landscape dynamics and permafrost conditions driven by deglaciation, climate, and sea-level changes. The present study provides insights into the response of permafrost to Late Glacial and Holocene environmental changes.
Alexie Roy-Lafontaine, Rebecca Lee, Peter M. J. Douglas, Dustin Whalen, and André Pellerin
Biogeosciences, 23, 3777–3792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3777-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3777-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic coastlines are eroding and flooding as the climate warms, but their role in releasing methane, a potent greenhouse gas, is not well understood. We collected soil and sediment samples near Tuktoyaktuk, Canada, and tested methane production when exposed to seawater in laboratory incubations. We expected seawater to suppress methane production, but coastal soils instead produced more methane than inland sites. Arctic coasts may therefore be an overlooked source of methane to the atmosphere.
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Isabel Wargowsky, Judith Vogt, McKenzie A. Kuhn, Simran Madaan, Richard O'Keefe, Tiffany Windholz, Kyle A. Arndt, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kelcy Kent, Mathias Göckede, David Olefeldt, Gerard Rocher-Ros, Edward A. G. Schuur, David Bastviken, Kristoffer Aalstad, Kelly Aho, Joonatan Ala-Könni, Haley Alcock, Inge Althuizen, Christopher D. Arp, Jun Asanuma, Katrin Attermeyer, Mika Aurela, Sivakiruthika Balathandayuthabani, Alan Barr, Maialen Barret, Ochirbat Batkhishig, Christina Biasi, Mats P. Björkman, Andrew Black, Elena Blanc-Betes, Pascal Bodmer, Julia Boike, Abdullah Bolek, Frédéric Bouchard, Ingeborg Bussmann, Lea Cabrol, Eleonora Canfora, Sean Carey, Karel Castro-Morales, Namyi Chae, Andres Christen, Torben R. Christensen, Casper T. Christiansen, Housen Chu, Graham Clark, Francois Clayer, Patrick Crill, Christopher Cunada, Scott J. Davidson, Joshua F. Dean, Sigrid Dengel, Matteo Detto, Catherine Dieleman, Florent Domine, Egor Dyukarev, Colin Edgar, Bo Elberling, Craig A. Emmerton, Eugenie Euskirchen, Grant Falvo, Thomas Friborg, Michelle Garneau, Mariasilvia Giamberini, Mikhail V. Glagolev, Miquel A. Gonzalez-Meler, Gustaf Granath, Jón Guðmundsson, Konsta Happonen, Yoshinobu Harazono, Lorna Harris, Josh Hashemi, Nicholas Hasson, Janna Heerah, Liam Heffernan, Manuel Helbig, Warren Helgason, Michal Heliasz, Greg Henry, Geert Hensgens, Tetsuya Hiyama, Macall Hock, David Holl, Beth Holmes, Jutta Holst, Thomas Holst, Gabriel Hould-Gosselin, Elyn Humphreys, Jacqueline Hung, Jussi Huotari, Hiroki Ikawa, Danil V. Ilyasov, Mamoru Ishikawa, Go Iwahana, Hiroki Iwata, Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski, Joachim Jansen, Järvi Järveoja, Vincent E. J. Jassey, Rasmus Jensen, Katharina Jentzsch, Robert G. Jespersen, Carl-Fredrik Johannesson, Chersity P. Jones, Anders Jonsson, Ji Young Jung, Sari Juutinen, Evan Kane, Jan Karlsson, Sergey Karsanaev, Kuno Kasak, Julia Kelly, Kasha Kempton, Marcus Klaus, George W. Kling, Natacha Kljun, Jacqueline Knutson, Hideki Kobayashi, John Kochendorfer, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Pasi Kolari, Mika Korkiakoski, Aino Korrensalo, Pirkko Kortelainen, Egle Koster, Kajar Koster, Ayumi Kotani, Praveena Krishnan, Juliya Kurbatova, Lars Kutzbach, Min Jung Kwon, Ethan D. Kyzivat, Jessica Lagroix, Theodore Langhorst, Elena Lapshina, Tuula Larmola, Klaus S. Larsen, Isabelle Laurion, Justin Ledman, Hanna Lee, A. Joshua Leffler, Lance Lesack, Anders Lindroth, David Lipson, Annalea Lohila, Efrén López-Blanco, Vincent L. St. Louis, Erik Lundin, Misha Luoto, Takashi Machimura, Marta Magnani, Avni Malhotra, Marja Maljanen, Ivan Mammarella, Elisa Männistö, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Phil Marsh, Pertti J. Martkainen, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Alex Mavrovic, Trofim Maximov, Christina Minions, Marco Montemayor, Tomoaki Morishita, Patrick Murphy, Daniel F. Nadeau, Erin Nicholls, Mats B. Nilsson, Anastasia Niyazova, Jenni Nordén, Koffi Dodji Noumonvi, Hannu Nykanen, Walter Oechel, Anne Ojala, Tomohiro Okadera, Sujan Pal, Alexey V. Panov, Tim Papakyriakou, Dario Papale, Sang-Jong Park, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Gilberto Pastorello, Mike Peacock, Matthias Peichl, Roman Petrov, Kyra St. Pierre, Norbert Pirk, Jessica Plein, Vilmantas Preskienis, Anatoly Prokushkin, Jukka Pumpanen, Hilary A. Rains, Niklas Rakos, Aleski Räsänen, Helena Rautakoski, Riika Rinnan, Janne Rinne, Adrian Rocha, Nigel Roulet, Alexandre Roy, Anna Rutgersson, Aleksandr F. Sabrekov, Torsten Sachs, Erik Sahlée, Alejandro Salazar, Henrique Oliveira Sawakuchi, Christopher Schulze, Roger Seco, Armando Sepulveda-Jauregui, Svetlana Serikova, Abbey Serrone, Hanna M. Silvennoinen, Sofie Sjogersten, June Skeeter, Jo Snöälv, Sebastian Sobek, Oliver Sonnentag, Emily H. Stanley, Maria Strack, Lena Strom, Patrick Sullivan, Ryan Sullivan, Anna Sytiuk, Torbern Tagesson, Pierre Taillardat, Julie Talbot, Suzanne E. Tank, Mario Tenuta, Irina Terenteva, Frederic Thalasso, Antoine Thiboult, Halldor Thorgeirsson, Fenix Garcia Tigreros, Margaret Torn, Amy Townsend-Small, Claire Treat, Alain Tremblay, Carlo Trotta, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Merritt Turetsky, Masahito Ueyama, Muhammad Umair, Aki Vähä, Lona van Delden, Maarten van Hardenbroek, Andrej Varlagin, Ruth K. Varner, Elena Veretennikova, Timo Vesala, Tarmo Virtanen, Carolina Voigt, Jorien E. Vonk, Robert Wagner, Katey Walter Anthony, Qinxue Wang, Masataka Watanabe, Hailey Webb, Jeffrey M. Welker, Andreas Westergaard-Nielsen, Sebastian Westermann, Jeffrey R. White, Christian Wille, Scott N. Williamson, Scott Zolkos, Donatella Zona, and Susan M. Natali
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-585, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-585, 2025
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset includes monthly measurements of carbon dioxide and methane exchange between land, water, and the atmosphere from over 1,000 sites in Arctic and boreal regions. It combines measurements from a variety of ecosystems, including wetlands, forests, tundra, lakes, and rivers, gathered by over 260 researchers from 1984–2024. This dataset can be used to improve and reduce uncertainty in carbon budgets in order to strengthen our understanding of climate feedbacks in a warming world.
Izabella A. Baisheva, Birgit Heim, Jorge García Molinos, Amelie Stieg, Hanno Meyer, Ramesh Glückler, Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring, Antje Eulenburg, Pier Paul Overduin, Evgenii S. Zakharov, Aital V. Egorov, Paraskovya V. Davydova, Lena A. Ushnitskaya, Sardana N. Levina, Ruslan M. Gorodnichev, Robert Jackisch, Antonie Haas, Stefan Kruse, Luidmila A. Pestryakova, and Ulrike Herzschuh
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4114, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4114, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study provides a new comprehensive assessment of the limnological state of 66 lakes in the Central Yakutian alaas landscapes and the Verkhoyansk mountain range. Our analyses suggest that specific lake-type properties within the thermokarst lake sequence seem to drive inorganic, organic, and isotopic lake hydrochemistry. Future warming may lead to less diversification within lake macrophyte assemblages in old alaas lakes.
Mehriban Aliyeva, Michael Angelopoulos, Julia Boike, Moritz Langer, Frederieke Miesner, Scott Dallimore, Dustin Whalen, Lukas U. Arenson, and Pier Paul Overduin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2675, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2675, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the ongoing transformation of terrestrial permafrost into subsea permafrost on a rapidly eroding Arctic island using electrical resistivity tomography and numerical modelling. We draw on 60 years of shoreline data to support our findings. This work is important for understanding permafrost loss in Arctic coastal areas and for guiding future efforts to protect vulnerable shorelines.
Maren Jenrich, Juliane Wolter, Susanne Liebner, Christian Knoblauch, Guido Grosse, Fiona Giebeler, Dustin Whalen, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 22, 2069–2086, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2069-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2069-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Climate warming in the Arctic is causing the erosion of permafrost coasts and the transformation of permafrost lakes into lagoons. To understand how this affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, we studied carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) production in lagoons with varying sea connections. Younger lagoons produce more CH₄, while CO₂ increases under more marine conditions. Flooding of permafrost lowlands due to rising sea levels may lead to higher GHG emissions from Arctic coasts in future.
Bennet Juhls, Anne Morgenstern, Jens Hölemann, Antje Eulenburg, Birgit Heim, Frederieke Miesner, Hendrik Grotheer, Gesine Mollenhauer, Hanno Meyer, Ephraim Erkens, Felica Yara Gehde, Sofia Antonova, Sergey Chalov, Maria Tereshina, Oxana Erina, Evgeniya Fingert, Ekaterina Abramova, Tina Sanders, Liudmila Lebedeva, Nikolai Torgovkin, Georgii Maksimov, Vasily Povazhnyi, Rafael Gonçalves-Araujo, Urban Wünsch, Antonina Chetverova, Sophie Opfergelt, and Pier Paul Overduin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Siberian Arctic is warming fast: permafrost is thawing, river chemistry is changing, and coastal ecosystems are affected. We aimed to understand changes in the Lena River, a major Arctic river flowing to the Arctic Ocean, by collecting 4.5 years of detailed water data, including temperature and carbon and nutrient contents. This dataset records current conditions and helps us to detect future changes. Explore it at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.913197 and https://lena-monitoring.awi.de/.
Tabea Rettelbach, Ingmar Nitze, Inge Grünberg, Jennika Hammar, Simon Schäffler, Daniel Hein, Matthias Gessner, Tilman Bucher, Jörg Brauchle, Jörg Hartmann, Torsten Sachs, Julia Boike, and Guido Grosse
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5767–5798, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5767-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5767-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost landscapes in the Arctic are rapidly changing due to climate warming. Here, we publish aerial images and elevation models with very high spatial detail that help study these landscapes in northwestern Canada and Alaska. The images were collected using the Modular Aerial Camera System (MACS). This dataset has significant implications for understanding permafrost landscape dynamics in response to climate change. It is publicly available for further research.
Soraya Kaiser, Julia Boike, Guido Grosse, and Moritz Langer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3719–3753, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3719-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3719-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic warming, leading to permafrost degradation, poses primary threats to infrastructure and secondary ecological hazards from possible infrastructure failure. Our study created a comprehensive Alaska inventory combining various data sources with which we improved infrastructure classification and data on contaminated sites. This resource is presented as a GeoPackage allowing planning of infrastructure damage and possible implications for Arctic communities facing permafrost challenges.
Frederieke Miesner, William Lambert Cable, Pier Paul Overduin, and Julia Boike
The Cryosphere, 18, 2603–2611, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2603-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2603-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The temperature in the sediment below Arctic lakes determines the stability of the permafrost and microbial activity. However, measurements are scarce because of the remoteness. We present a robust and portable device to fill this gap. Test campaigns have demonstrated its utility in a range of environments during winter and summer. The measured temperatures show a great variability within and across locations. The data can be used to validate models and estimate potential emissions.
Victoria R. Dutch, Nick Rutter, Leanne Wake, Oliver Sonnentag, Gabriel Hould Gosselin, Melody Sandells, Chris Derksen, Branden Walker, Gesa Meyer, Richard Essery, Richard Kelly, Phillip Marsh, Julia Boike, and Matteo Detto
Biogeosciences, 21, 825–841, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-825-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-825-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We undertake a sensitivity study of three different parameters on the simulation of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during the snow-covered non-growing season at an Arctic tundra site. Simulations are compared to eddy covariance measurements, with near-zero NEE simulated despite observed CO2 release. We then consider how to parameterise the model better in Arctic tundra environments on both sub-seasonal timescales and cumulatively throughout the snow-covered non-growing season.
Jennika Hammar, Inge Grünberg, Steven V. Kokelj, Jurjen van der Sluijs, and Julia Boike
The Cryosphere, 17, 5357–5372, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5357-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5357-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Roads on permafrost have significant environmental effects. This study assessed the Inuvik to Tuktoyaktuk Highway (ITH) in Canada and its impact on snow accumulation, albedo and snowmelt timing. Our findings revealed that snow accumulation increased by up to 36 m from the road, 12-day earlier snowmelt within 100 m due to reduced albedo, and altered snowmelt patterns in seemingly undisturbed areas. Remote sensing aids in understanding road impacts on permafrost.
Juditha Aga, Julia Boike, Moritz Langer, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, and Sebastian Westermann
The Cryosphere, 17, 4179–4206, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4179-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4179-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new model scheme for simulating ice segregation and thaw consolidation in permafrost environments, depending on ground properties and climatic forcing. It is embedded in the CryoGrid community model, a land surface model for the terrestrial cryosphere. We describe the model physics and functionalities, followed by a model validation and a sensitivity study of controlling factors.
Brian Groenke, Moritz Langer, Jan Nitzbon, Sebastian Westermann, Guillermo Gallego, and Julia Boike
The Cryosphere, 17, 3505–3533, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is now well known from long-term temperature measurements that Arctic permafrost, i.e., ground that remains continuously frozen for at least 2 years, is warming in response to climate change. Temperature, however, only tells half of the story. In this study, we use computer modeling to better understand how the thawing and freezing of water in the ground affects the way permafrost responds to climate change and what temperature trends can and cannot tell us about how permafrost is changing.
Sebastian Westermann, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, Johanna Scheer, Kristoffer Aalstad, Juditha Aga, Nitin Chaudhary, Bernd Etzelmüller, Simon Filhol, Andreas Kääb, Cas Renette, Louise Steffensen Schmidt, Thomas Vikhamar Schuler, Robin B. Zweigel, Léo Martin, Sarah Morard, Matan Ben-Asher, Michael Angelopoulos, Julia Boike, Brian Groenke, Frederieke Miesner, Jan Nitzbon, Paul Overduin, Simone M. Stuenzi, and Moritz Langer
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2607–2647, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2607-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2607-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The CryoGrid community model is a new tool for simulating ground temperatures and the water and ice balance in cold regions. It is a modular design, which makes it possible to test different schemes to simulate, for example, permafrost ground in an efficient way. The model contains tools to simulate frozen and unfrozen ground, snow, glaciers, and other massive ice bodies, as well as water bodies.
Martine Lizotte, Bennet Juhls, Atsushi Matsuoka, Philippe Massicotte, Gaëlle Mével, David Obie James Anikina, Sofia Antonova, Guislain Bécu, Marine Béguin, Simon Bélanger, Thomas Bossé-Demers, Lisa Bröder, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwénaëlle Chaillou, Jérôme Comte, Raoul-Marie Couture, Emmanuel Devred, Gabrièle Deslongchamps, Thibaud Dezutter, Miles Dillon, David Doxaran, Aude Flamand, Frank Fell, Joannie Ferland, Marie-Hélène Forget, Michael Fritz, Thomas J. Gordon, Caroline Guilmette, Andrea Hilborn, Rachel Hussherr, Charlotte Irish, Fabien Joux, Lauren Kipp, Audrey Laberge-Carignan, Hugues Lantuit, Edouard Leymarie, Antonio Mannino, Juliette Maury, Paul Overduin, Laurent Oziel, Colin Stedmon, Crystal Thomas, Lucas Tisserand, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Jorien Vonk, Dustin Whalen, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1617–1653, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw in the Mackenzie Delta region results in the release of organic matter into the coastal marine environment. What happens to this carbon-rich organic matter as it transits along the fresh to salty aquatic environments is still underdocumented. Four expeditions were conducted from April to September 2019 in the coastal area of the Beaufort Sea to study the fate of organic matter. This paper describes a rich set of data characterizing the composition and sources of organic matter.
Ngai-Ham Chan, Moritz Langer, Bennet Juhls, Tabea Rettelbach, Paul Overduin, Kimberly Huppert, and Jean Braun
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 259–285, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic river deltas influence how nutrients and soil organic carbon, carried by sediments from the Arctic landscape, are retained or released into the Arctic Ocean. Under climate change, the deltas themselves and their ecosystems are becoming more vulnerable. We build upon previous models to reproduce for the first time an important feature ubiquitous to Arctic deltas and simulate its future under climate warming. This can impact the future of Arctic deltas and the carbon release they moderate.
Mauricio Arboleda-Zapata, Michael Angelopoulos, Pier Paul Overduin, Guido Grosse, Benjamin M. Jones, and Jens Tronicke
The Cryosphere, 16, 4423–4445, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4423-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4423-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate how we can reliably estimate the thawed–frozen permafrost interface with its associated uncertainties in subsea permafrost environments using 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data. In addition, we show how further analyses considering 1D inversion and sensitivity assessments can help quantify and better understand 2D ERT inversion results. Our results illustrate the capabilities of the ERT method to get insights into the development of the subsea permafrost.
Victoria R. Dutch, Nick Rutter, Leanne Wake, Melody Sandells, Chris Derksen, Branden Walker, Gabriel Hould Gosselin, Oliver Sonnentag, Richard Essery, Richard Kelly, Phillip Marsh, Joshua King, and Julia Boike
The Cryosphere, 16, 4201–4222, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of the properties of the snow and soil were compared to simulations of the Community Land Model to see how well the model represents snow insulation. Simulations underestimated snow thermal conductivity and wintertime soil temperatures. We test two approaches to reduce the transfer of heat through the snowpack and bring simulated soil temperatures closer to measurements, with an alternative parameterisation of snow thermal conductivity being more appropriate.
Jan Nitzbon, Damir Gadylyaev, Steffen Schlüter, John Maximilian Köhne, Guido Grosse, and Julia Boike
The Cryosphere, 16, 3507–3515, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The microstructure of permafrost soils contains clues to its formation and its preconditioning to future change. We used X-ray computed tomography (CT) to measure the composition of a permafrost drill core from Siberia. By combining CT with laboratory measurements, we determined the the proportions of pore ice, excess ice, minerals, organic matter, and gas contained in the core at an unprecedented resolution. Our work demonstrates the potential of CT to study permafrost properties and processes.
Lutz Beckebanze, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Josefine Walz, Christian Wille, David Holl, Manuel Helbig, Julia Boike, Torsten Sachs, and Lars Kutzbach
Biogeosciences, 19, 3863–3876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3863-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3863-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present observations of lateral and vertical carbon fluxes from a permafrost-affected study site in the Russian Arctic. From this dataset we estimate the net ecosystem carbon balance for this study site. We show that lateral carbon export has a low impact on the net ecosystem carbon balance during the complete study period (3 months). Nevertheless, our results also show that lateral carbon export can exceed vertical carbon uptake at the beginning of the growing season.
Matthias Fuchs, Juri Palmtag, Bennet Juhls, Pier Paul Overduin, Guido Grosse, Ahmed Abdelwahab, Michael Bedington, Tina Sanders, Olga Ogneva, Irina V. Fedorova, Nikita S. Zimov, Paul J. Mann, and Jens Strauss
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2279–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2279-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We created digital, high-resolution bathymetry data sets for the Lena Delta and Kolyma Gulf regions in northeastern Siberia. Based on nautical charts, we digitized depth points and isobath lines, which serve as an input for a 50 m bathymetry model. The benefit of this data set is the accurate mapping of near-shore areas as well as the offshore continuation of the main deep river channels. This will improve the estimation of river outflow and the nutrient flux output into the coastal zone.
Noah D. Smith, Eleanor J. Burke, Kjetil Schanke Aas, Inge H. J. Althuizen, Julia Boike, Casper Tai Christiansen, Bernd Etzelmüller, Thomas Friborg, Hanna Lee, Heather Rumbold, Rachael H. Turton, Sebastian Westermann, and Sarah E. Chadburn
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3603–3639, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3603-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3603-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic has large areas of small mounds that are caused by ice lifting up the soil. Snow blown by wind gathers in hollows next to these mounds, insulating them in winter. The hollows tend to be wetter, and thus the soil absorbs more heat in summer. The warm wet soil in the hollows decomposes, releasing methane. We have made a model of this, and we have tested how it behaves and whether it looks like sites in Scandinavia and Siberia. Sometimes we get more methane than a model without mounds.
Charlotte Haugk, Loeka L. Jongejans, Kai Mangelsdorf, Matthias Fuchs, Olga Ogneva, Juri Palmtag, Gesine Mollenhauer, Paul J. Mann, P. Paul Overduin, Guido Grosse, Tina Sanders, Robyn E. Tuerena, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Wetterich, Alexander Kizyakov, Cornelia Karger, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 19, 2079–2094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Buried animal and plant remains (carbon) from the last ice age were freeze-locked in permafrost. At an extremely fast eroding permafrost cliff in the Lena Delta (Siberia), we found this formerly frozen carbon well preserved. Our results show that ongoing degradation releases substantial amounts of this carbon, making it available for future carbon emissions. This mobilisation at the studied cliff and also similarly eroding sites bear the potential to affect rivers and oceans negatively.
Stiig Wilkenskjeld, Frederieke Miesner, Paul P. Overduin, Matteo Puglini, and Victor Brovkin
The Cryosphere, 16, 1057–1069, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1057-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1057-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Thawing permafrost releases carbon to the atmosphere, enhancing global warming. Part of the permafrost soils have been flooded by rising sea levels since the last ice age, becoming subsea permafrost (SSPF). The SSPF is less studied than the part on land. In this study we use a global model to obtain rates of thawing of SSPF under different future climate scenarios until the year 3000. After the year 2100 the scenarios strongly diverge, closely connected to the eventual disappearance of sea ice.
Stefan Kruse, Simone M. Stuenzi, Julia Boike, Moritz Langer, Josias Gloy, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2395–2422, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2395-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2395-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We coupled established models for boreal forest (LAVESI) and permafrost dynamics (CryoGrid) in Siberia to investigate interactions of the diverse vegetation layer with permafrost soils. Our tests showed improved active layer depth estimations and newly included species growth according to their species-specific limits. We conclude that the new model system can be applied to simulate boreal forest dynamics and transitions under global warming and disturbances, expanding our knowledge.
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Susan M. Natali, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Darcy Peter, Christina Minions, Julia Nojeim, Roisin Commane, Craig A. Emmerton, Mathias Goeckede, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi, Pasi Kolari, Efrén López-Blanco, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Lutz Merbold, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Torsten Sachs, Oliver Sonnentag, Masahito Ueyama, Carolina Voigt, Mika Aurela, Julia Boike, Gerardo Celis, Namyi Chae, Torben R. Christensen, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Sigrid Dengel, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Eugenie Euskirchen, Achim Grelle, Juha Hatakka, Elyn Humphreys, Järvi Järveoja, Ayumi Kotani, Lars Kutzbach, Tuomas Laurila, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Yojiro Matsuura, Gesa Meyer, Mats B. Nilsson, Steven F. Oberbauer, Sang-Jong Park, Roman Petrov, Anatoly S. Prokushkin, Christopher Schulze, Vincent L. St. Louis, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, William Quinton, Andrej Varlagin, Donatella Zona, and Viacheslav I. Zyryanov
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 179–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effects of climate warming on carbon cycling across the Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) remain poorly understood due to the relatively limited distribution of ABZ flux sites. Fortunately, this flux network is constantly increasing, but new measurements are published in various platforms, making it challenging to understand the ABZ carbon cycle as a whole. Here, we compiled a new database of Arctic–boreal CO2 fluxes to help facilitate large-scale assessments of the ABZ carbon cycle.
Katharina Jentzsch, Julia Boike, and Thomas Foken
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7291–7296, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7291-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7291-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Very small CO2 fluxes are measured at night in Arctic regions. If the sensible heat flux is not close to zero under these conditions, the WPL correction will take values on the order of the flux. A special quality control is proposed for these cases.
Cited articles
Angelopoulos, M.: Mapping subsea permafrost with electrical resistivity surveys, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 3, 6, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00258-5, 2022. a
Angelopoulos, M., Westermann, S., Overduin, P., Faguet, A., Olenchenko, V., Grosse, G., and Grigoriev, M. N.: Heat and salt flow in subsea permafrost modeled with CryoGRID2, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 124, 920–937, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jf004823, 2019. a, b, c
Angelopoulos, M., Overduin, P. P., Miesner, F., Grigoriev, M. N., and Vasiliev, A. A.: Recent advances in the study of Arctic submarine permafrost, Permafrost Periglac., 31, 442–453, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2061, 2020. a, b, c
Angelopoulos, M., Overduin, P. P., Jenrich, M., Nitze, I., Günther, F., Strauss, J., Westermann, S., Schirrmeister, L., Kholodov, A., Krautblatter, M., Grigoriev, M. N., and Grosse G.: Onshore thermokarst primes subsea permafrost degradation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL093881, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl093881, 2021. a
Arboleda-Zapata, M., Angelopoulos, M., Overduin, P. P., Grosse, G., Jones, B. M., and Tronicke, J.: Exploring the capabilities of electrical resistivity tomography to study subsea permafrost, The Cryosphere, 16, 4423–4445, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4423-2022, 2022. a, b, c, d
Auken, E., Christiansen, A. V., Jacobsen, B. H., Foged, N., and Sørensen, K. I.: Piecewise 1D laterally constrained inversion of resistivity data, Geophys. Prospect., 53, 497–506, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2005.00486.x, 2005. a
Baird: Tuktoyaktuk Coastal Erosion Study: Data Review, Modelling, Mapping and Erosion Assessment, Tech. Rep., W. F. Baird & Associates Coastal Engineers Ltd., 2019a. a
Baird: Tuktoyaktuk Coastal Erosion Study: Erosion Mitigation Plan, Tech. Rep., W. F. Baird & Associates Coastal Engineers Ltd., 2019b. a
Baird: Tuktoyaktuk Shoreline Protection Project, Tech. Rep., W. F. Baird & Associates Coastal Engineers Ltd., 2020. a
Berry, H. B., Whalen, D., and Lim, M.: Long-term ice-rich permafrost coast sensitivity to air temperatures and storm influence: lessons from Pullen Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, Arctic Science, 7, 723–745, https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0003, 2021. a
Brothers, L. L., Hart, P. E., and Ruppel, C. D.: Minimum distribution of subsea ice-bearing permafrost on the US Beaufort Sea continental shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052222, 2012. a
Cable, W. L. and Boike, J.: Offshore Tuktoyaktuk Island (long version), YouTube [video], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzqSZB0raSU, last access: 10 Feburary 2025. a
Dallimore, S. R., Wolfe, S. A., and Solomon, S. M.: Influence of ground ice and permafrost on coastal evolution, Richards Island, Beaufort Sea coast, N.W.T., Can. J. Earth Sci., 33, 664–675, https://doi.org/10.1139/e96-050, 1996. a
Fediuk, A., Wilken, D., Thorwart, M., Wunderlich, T., Erkul, E., and Rabbel, W.: The applicability of an inverse schlumberger array for near-surface targets in shallow water environments, Remote Sensing, 12, 2132, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132132, 2020. a
Fortier, R., Allard, M., and Seguin, M.-K.: Effect of physical properties of frozen ground on electrical resistivity logging, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 22, 361–384, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232x(94)90021-3, 1994. a
GRID-Arendal: Executive Summary, Rapid Response Assessment of Coastal and Offshore Permafrost, https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/9155a51e8aec41838702c8c5ef3382e3 (last access: 10 February 2025), 2020. a
Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., and Lo, K.: Global surface temperature change, Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010rg000345, 2010. a
Harrison, W. and Osterkamp, T. E.: Heat and mass transport processes in subsea permafrost 1. An analysis of molecular diffusion and its consequences, J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 83, 4707–4712, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC083iC09p04707, 1978. a
Hu, K., Issler, D. R., Chen, Z., and Brent, T. A.: Permafrost investigation by well logs, and seismic velocity and repeated shallow temperature surveys, Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin. Geol. Surv. of Can., Open File, 6956, 33, https://doi.org/10.4095/293120, 2013. a
Hutter, K. and Straughan, B.: Penetrative convection in thawing subsea permafrost, Continuum Mech. Therm., 9, 259–272, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001610050070, 1997. a
Hutter, K. and Straughan, B.: Models for convection in thawing porous media in support for the subsea permafrost equations, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 104, 29249–29260, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900288, 1999. a
Hynes, S., Solomon, S., and Whalen, D.: GIS compilation of coastline variability spanning 60 years in the Mackenzie Delta and Tuktoyaktuk in the Beaufort Sea, Natural Resources Canada [data set], https://doi.org/10.4095/295579, 2014. a, b, c, d
Irrgang, A. M., Lantuit, H., Gordon, R. R., Piskor, A., and Manson, G. K.: Impacts of past and future coastal changes on the Yukon coast – threats for cultural sites, infrastructure, and travel routes, Arctic Science, 5, 107–126, https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2017-0041, 2019. a
Kitover, D., Van Balen, R., Vandenberghe, J., Roche, D. M., and Renssen, H.: LGM permafrost thickness and extent in the Northern Hemisphere derived from the Earth System Model iLOVECLIM, Permafrost Periglac., 27, 31–42, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1861, 2016. a
Kokelj, S. V., Lantz, T. C., Solomon, S., Pisaric, M. F., Keith, D., Morse, P., Thienpont, J. R., Smol, J. P., and Esagok, D.: Using multiple sources of knowledge to investigate northern environmental change: regional ecological impacts of a storm surge in the outer Mackenzie Delta, NWT, Arctic, 65, 257–272, 2012. a
Koshurnikov, A., Tumskoy, V., Shakhova, N., Sergienko, V., Dudarev, O., Gunar, A. Y., Pushkarev, P. Y., Semiletov, I., and Koshurnikov, A.: The first ever application of electromagnetic sounding for mapping the submarine permafrost table on the Laptev Sea shelf, in: Doklady Earth Sciences, vol. 469, 860–863, Springer, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X16080110, 2016. a
Lapham, L. L., Dallimore, S. R., Magen, C., Henderson, L. C., Powers, L. C., Gonsior, M., Clark, B., Côté, M., Fraser, P., and Orcutt, B. N.: Microbial greenhouse gas dynamics associated with warming coastal permafrost, Western Canadian Arctic, Front. Earth Sci., 8, 582103, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.582103, 2020. a, b, c
Lenssen, N. J., Schmidt, G. A., Hansen, J. E., Menne, M. J., Persin, A., Ruedy, R., and Zyss, D.: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 6307–6326, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029522, 2019. a, b
Loke, M.: Tutorial: 2-D and 3-D Electrical Imaging Surveys, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264739285_Tutorial_2-D_and_3-D_Electrical_Imaging_Surveys (last access: 10 February 2025), 2001. a
Manson, G. K. and Solomon, S. M.: Past and future forcing of Beaufort Sea coastal change, Atmos. Ocean, 45, 107–122, https://doi.org/10.3137/ao.450204, 2007. a
Miesner, F., Erkens, E., Boike, J., and Overduin, P. P.: CTD measurements acquired in the region of Tuktoyaktuk Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949258, 2022. a
Miesner, F., Overduin, P., Grosse, G., Strauss, J., Langer, M., Westermann, S., Schneider von Deimling, T., Brovkin, V., and Arndt, S.: Subsea permafrost organic carbon stocks are large and of dominantly low reactivity, Sci. Rep.-UK, 13, 9425, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36471-z, 2023. a
Obu, J., Westermann, S., Bartsch, A., Berdnikov, N., Christiansen, H. H., Dashtseren, A., Delaloye, R., Elberling, B., Etzelmüller, B., Kholodov, A., Khomutov, A., Kääb, A., Leibman, M. O., Lewkowicz, A. G., Panda, S. K., Romanovsky, V., Way, R. G., Westergaard-Nielsen, A., Wu, T., Yamkhin, J., and Zou, D.: Northern Hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modelling for 2000–2016 at 1 km2 scale, Earth-Sci. Rev., 193, 299–316, 2019. a
Osterkamp, T., Baker, G., Harrison, W., and Matava, T.: Characteristics of the active layer and shallow subsea permafrost, J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 94, 16227–16236, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC094iC11p16227, 1989. a, b, c, d
Overduin, P. P., Westermann, S., Yoshikawa, K., Haberlau, T., Romanovsky, V., and Wetterich, S.: Geoelectric observations of the degradation of nearshore submarine permafrost at Barrow (Alaskan Beaufort Sea), J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 117, F02004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jf002088, 2012. a, b, c, d
Overduin, P. P., Haberland, C., Ryberg, T., Kneier, F., Jacobi, T., Grigoriev, M. N., and Ohrnberger, M.: Submarine permafrost depth from ambient seismic noise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 7581–7588, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065409, 2015. a
Overduin, P. P., Wetterich, S., Günther, F., Grigoriev, M. N., Grosse, G., Schirrmeister, L., Hubberten, H.-W., and Makarov, A.: Coastal dynamics and submarine permafrost in shallow water of the central Laptev Sea, East Siberia, The Cryosphere, 10, 1449–1462, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1449-2016, 2016. a, b, c
Overduin, P., Schneider von Deimling, T., Miesner, F., Grigoriev, M., Ruppel, C., Vasiliev, A., Lantuit, H., Juhls, B., and Westermann, S.: Submarine permafrost map in the Arctic modeled using 1-D transient heat flux (supermap), J. Geophys. Res-Oceans, 124, 3490–3507, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014675, 2019. a, b
Overduin, P. P., Ryberg, T., Haberland, C., and Erkens, E.: Marine ERT surveys acquired in the region of Tuktoyaktuk Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949499, 2022. a
Parsekian, A. D., Claes, N., Singha, K., Minsley, B. J., Carr, B., Voytek, E., Harmon, R., Kass, A., Carey, A., Thayer, D., and Flinchum, B.: Comparing measurement response and inverted results of electrical resistivity tomography instruments, J. Environ. Eng. Geoph., 22, 249–266, https://doi.org/10.2113/jeeg22.3.249, 2017. a
Prins, C., Thuro, K., Krautblatter, M., and Schulz, R.: Testing the effectiveness of an inverse Wenner-Schlumberger array for geoelectrical karst void reconnaissance, on the Swabian Alb high plain, new line Wendlingen–Ulm, southwestern Germany, Eng. Geol., 249, 71–76, 2019. a
Ramage, J., Jungsberg, L., Wang, S., Westermann, S., Lantuit, H., and Heleniak, T.: Population living on permafrost in the Arctic, Popul. Environ., 43, 22–38, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-020-00370-6, 2021. a
Rantanen, M., Karpechko, A. Y., Lipponen, A., Nordling, K., Hyvärinen, O., Ruosteenoja, K., Vihma, T., and Laaksonen, A.: The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, Communications Earth & Environment, 3, 168, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3, 2022. a
Rücker, C., Günther, T., and Wagner, F. M.: pyGIMLi: An open-source library for modelling and inversion in geophysics, Comput. Geosci., 109, 106–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.07.011, 2017. a
Schuur, E. A., McGuire, A. D., Schädel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J. W., Hayes, D. J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C. D., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D. M., Natali, S. M., Olefeldt, D., Romanovsky, V. E., Schaefer, K., Turetsky, M. R., Treat, C. C., and Vonk, J. E.: Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback, Nature, 520, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338, 2015. a
Sellmann, P. V., Delaney, A. J., and Arcone, S. A.: Coastal subsea permafrost and bedrock observations using dc resisitivity, Tech. Rep., Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (US), https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA210784.pdf (last access: 14 February 2025), 1989. a
Shakhova, N., Semiletov, I., Gustafsson, O., Sergienko, V., Lobkovsky, L., Dudarev, O., Tumskoy, V., Grigoriev, M., Mazurov, A., Salyuk, A., Ananiev, R., Koshurnikov, A., Kosmach, D., Charkin, A., Dmitrevsky, N., Karnaukh, V., Gunar, A., Meluzov, A., and Chernykh, D.: Current rates and mechanisms of subsea permafrost degradation in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf, Nat. Commun., 8, 15872, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15872, 2017. a
Sherman, D. and Constable, S.: Permafrost Extent on the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf From Surface-Towed Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Surveys, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 123, 7253–7265, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015859, 2018. a
Solomon, S. M.: Spatial and temporal variability of shoreline change in the Beaufort-Mackenzie region, Northwest Territories, Canada, Geo-Mar. Lett., 25, 127–137, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-004-0194-x, 2005. a
Solomon, S. M., Taylor, A. E., and Stevens, C. W.: Nearshore ground temperatures, seasonal ice bonding, and permafrost formation within the bottom-fast ice zone, Mackenzie Delta, NWT, in: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, vol. 29, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1675–1680, https://www.permafrost.org/wp-content/uploads/ConferenceMaterials/9th-International-Conference-on-Permafrost-Vol-2.pdf (last access: 14 February 2025), 2008. a, b
Stevens, C. W., Moorman, B. J., Solomon, S. M., and Hugenholtz, C. H.: Mapping subsurface conditions within the near-shore zone of an Arctic delta using ground penetrating radar, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 56, 30–38, 2009. a
Taylor, A. E., Dallimore, S. R., and Outcalt, S.: Late Quaternary history of the Mackenzie–Beaufort region, Arctic Canada, from modelling of permafrost temperatures. 1. The onshore–offshore transition, Can. J. Earth Sci., 33, 52–61, https://doi.org/10.1139/e96-006, 1996. a
Taylor, A. E., Dallimore, S., Hill, P., Issler, D., Blasco, S., and Wright, F.: Numerical model of the geothermal regime on the Beaufort Shelf, arctic Canada since the Last Interglacial, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 118, 2365–2379, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002859, 2013. a
Vest Christiansen, A. and Auken, E.: A global measure for depth of investigation, Geophysics, 77, WB171–WB177, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0393.1, 2012. a
Whalen, D., Forbes, D. L., Kostylev, V., Lim, M., Fraser, P., Nedimović, M. R., and Stuckey, S.: Mechanisms, volumetric assessment, and prognosis for rapid coastal erosion of Tuktoyaktuk Island, an important natural barrier for the harbour and community, Can. J. Earth Sci., 59, 945–960, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2021-0101, 2022. a, b, c
Wilkenskjeld, S., Miesner, F., Overduin, P. P., Puglini, M., and Brovkin, V.: Strong increase in thawing of subsea permafrost in the 22nd century caused by anthropogenic climate change, The Cryosphere, 16, 1057–1069, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1057-2022, 2022. a
Short summary
We investigate the depth of subsea permafrost formed by inundation of terrestrial permafrost due to marine transgression around the rapidly disappearing, permafrost-cored Tuktoyaktuk Island (Beaufort Sea, NWT, Canada). We use geoelectrical surveys with floating electrodes to identify the boundary between unfrozen and frozen sediment. Our findings indicate that permafrost thaw depths beneath the seabed can be explained by coastal erosion rates and landscape features before inundation.
We investigate the depth of subsea permafrost formed by inundation of terrestrial permafrost due...
