Articles | Volume 18, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4723-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4723-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Oct 2024
Research article |
| 18 Oct 2024
| 18 Oct 2024
Change in grounding line location on the Antarctic Peninsula measured using a tidal motion offset correlation method
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
Anna E. Hogg
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
Yikai Zhu
COMET, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
Chinese Antarctic Centre of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Andrew Hooper
COMET, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
Related authors
Yikai Zhu, Anna E. Hogg, Andrew Hooper, and Benjamin J. Wallis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-849, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the long- and short-term changes in the grounding line of the Amery Ice Shelf in East Antarctica, using satellite observations and a method called Differential Range Offset Tracking (DROT). Our findings show how the grounding line behaves in response to tides and other environmental factors, with implications for understanding ice shelf stability.
Katie Lowery, Pierre Dutrieux, Paul R. Holland, Anna E. Hogg, Noel Gourmelen, and Benjamin J. Wallis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-267, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-267, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use CryoSat-2 to observe monthly changes in Pine Island Glacier's ice shelf (PIG) surface at 250 m resolution. We show that melt is focused on the western walls of basal channels and highlight the role of channels in grounding pinning points. PIG’s main channel geometry is inherited from the ice-bed interface upstream of the grounding line. These results highlight the importance of channels on ice shelf stability and how this can change over time.
Benjamin J. Davison, Anna E. Hogg, Carlos Moffat, Michael P. Meredith, and Benjamin J. Wallis
The Cryosphere, 18, 3237–3251, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3237-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3237-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using a new dataset of ice motion, we observed glacier acceleration on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The speed-up began around January 2021, but some glaciers sped up earlier or later. Using a combination of ship-based ocean temperature observations and climate models, we show that the speed-up coincided with a period of unusually warm air and ocean temperatures in the region.
Trystan Surawy-Stepney, Anna E. Hogg, Stephen L. Cornford, Benjamin J. Wallis, Benjamin J. Davison, Heather L. Selley, Ross A. W. Slater, Elise K. Lie, Livia Jakob, Andrew Ridout, Noel Gourmelen, Bryony I. D. Freer, Sally F. Wilson, and Andrew Shepherd
The Cryosphere, 18, 977–993, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-977-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-977-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we use satellite observations and an ice flow model to quantify the impact of sea ice buttressing on ice streams on the Antarctic Peninsula. The evacuation of 11-year-old landfast sea ice in the Larsen B embayment on the East Antarctic Peninsula in January 2022 was closely followed by major changes in the calving behaviour and acceleration (30 %) of the ocean-terminating glaciers. Our results show that sea ice buttressing had a negligible direct role in the observed dynamic changes.
Jennifer Cocks, Alessandro Silvano, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Oana Dragomir, Noémie Schifano, Anna E. Hogg, and Alice Marzocchi
Ocean Sci., 21, 1609–1625, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1609-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1609-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Heat and freshwater fluxes in the Southern Ocean mediate global ocean circulation and abyssal ventilation. These fluxes manifest as changes in steric height: sea level anomalies from changes in ocean density. We compute the steric height anomaly of the Southern Ocean using satellite data and validate it against in situ observations. We analyse trends and variability in steric height, drawing links to climate variability, and discuss the effectiveness of the method, highlighting issues with its application.
Benjamin J. Davison, Anna E. Hogg, Thomas Slater, Richard Rigby, and Nicolaj Hansen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3259–3281, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3259-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3259-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Grounding line discharge is a measure of the amount of ice entering the ocean from an ice mass. This paper describes a dataset of grounding line discharge for the Antarctic Ice Sheet and each of its glaciers. The dataset shows that Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding line discharge has increased since 1996.
Heather L. Selley, Anna E. Hogg, Benjamin J. Davison, Pierre Dutrieux, and Thomas Slater
The Cryosphere, 19, 1725–1738, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1725-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1725-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used satellite observations to measure recent changes in ice speed and flow direction in the Pope, Smith, and Kohler region of West Antarctica (2005–2022). We found substantial speed-up on seven ice streams of up to 87 %. However, Kohler West Glacier has slowed by 10 %, due to the redirection of ice flow into its rapidly thinning neighbour. This process of “ice piracy” has not previously been directly observed on this rapid timescale and may influence future ice shelf and sheet mass changes.
Yikai Zhu, Anna E. Hogg, Andrew Hooper, and Benjamin J. Wallis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-849, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-849, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the long- and short-term changes in the grounding line of the Amery Ice Shelf in East Antarctica, using satellite observations and a method called Differential Range Offset Tracking (DROT). Our findings show how the grounding line behaves in response to tides and other environmental factors, with implications for understanding ice shelf stability.
Katie Lowery, Pierre Dutrieux, Paul R. Holland, Anna E. Hogg, Noel Gourmelen, and Benjamin J. Wallis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-267, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-267, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We use CryoSat-2 to observe monthly changes in Pine Island Glacier's ice shelf (PIG) surface at 250 m resolution. We show that melt is focused on the western walls of basal channels and highlight the role of channels in grounding pinning points. PIG’s main channel geometry is inherited from the ice-bed interface upstream of the grounding line. These results highlight the importance of channels on ice shelf stability and how this can change over time.
Trystan Surawy-Stepney, Stephen L. Cornford, and Anna E. Hogg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2438, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2438, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The speed at which Antarctic ice flows is dependent on its viscosity and the sliperiness of the ice/bedrock interface. Often, these unknown variables are inferred from observations of ice speed. This article presents an attempt to make this difficult procedure easier by making use of additional information in the form of observations of crevasses, which make ice appear less viscous to numerical models. We find in some circumstances that this leads to more appealing solutions to this problem.
Benjamin J. Davison, Anna E. Hogg, Carlos Moffat, Michael P. Meredith, and Benjamin J. Wallis
The Cryosphere, 18, 3237–3251, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3237-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3237-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using a new dataset of ice motion, we observed glacier acceleration on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The speed-up began around January 2021, but some glaciers sped up earlier or later. Using a combination of ship-based ocean temperature observations and climate models, we show that the speed-up coincided with a period of unusually warm air and ocean temperatures in the region.
Trystan Surawy-Stepney, Anna E. Hogg, Stephen L. Cornford, Benjamin J. Wallis, Benjamin J. Davison, Heather L. Selley, Ross A. W. Slater, Elise K. Lie, Livia Jakob, Andrew Ridout, Noel Gourmelen, Bryony I. D. Freer, Sally F. Wilson, and Andrew Shepherd
The Cryosphere, 18, 977–993, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-977-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-977-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we use satellite observations and an ice flow model to quantify the impact of sea ice buttressing on ice streams on the Antarctic Peninsula. The evacuation of 11-year-old landfast sea ice in the Larsen B embayment on the East Antarctic Peninsula in January 2022 was closely followed by major changes in the calving behaviour and acceleration (30 %) of the ocean-terminating glaciers. Our results show that sea ice buttressing had a negligible direct role in the observed dynamic changes.
Trystan Surawy-Stepney, Anna E. Hogg, Stephen L. Cornford, and David C. Hogg
The Cryosphere, 17, 4421–4445, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4421-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The presence of crevasses in Antarctica influences how the ice sheet behaves. It is important, therefore, to collect data on the spatial distribution of crevasses and how they are changing. We present a method of mapping crevasses from satellite radar imagery and apply it to 7.5 years of images, covering Antarctica's floating and grounded ice. We develop a method of measuring change in the density of crevasses and quantify increased fracturing in important parts of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Bryony I. D. Freer, Oliver J. Marsh, Anna E. Hogg, Helen Amanda Fricker, and Laurie Padman
The Cryosphere, 17, 4079–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4079-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4079-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a method using ICESat-2 data to measure how Antarctic grounding lines (GLs) migrate across the tide cycle. At an ice plain on the Ronne Ice Shelf we observe 15 km of tidal GL migration, the largest reported distance in Antarctica, dominating any signal of long-term migration. We identify four distinct migration modes, which provide both observational support for models of tidal ice flexure and GL migration and insights into ice shelf–ocean–subglacial interactions in grounding zones.
C. Scott Watson, John R. Elliott, Susanna K. Ebmeier, Juliet Biggs, Fabien Albino, Sarah K. Brown, Helen Burns, Andrew Hooper, Milan Lazecky, Yasser Maghsoudi, Richard Rigby, and Tim J. Wright
Geosci. Commun., 6, 75–96, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-6-75-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-6-75-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the communication and open data processing of satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data, which measures ground deformation. We discuss the unique interpretation challenges and the use of automatic data processing and web tools to broaden accessibility. We link these tools with an analysis of InSAR communication through Twitter in which applications to earthquakes and volcanoes prevailed. We discuss future integration with disaster risk-reduction strategies.
Julia R. Andreasen, Anna E. Hogg, and Heather L. Selley
The Cryosphere, 17, 2059–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2059-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2059-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There are few long-term, high spatial resolution observations of ice shelf change in Antarctica over the past 3 decades. In this study, we use high spatial resolution observations to map the annual calving front location on 34 ice shelves around Antarctica from 2009 to 2019 using satellite data. The results provide a comprehensive assessment of ice front migration across Antarctica over the last decade.
Martin Horwath, Benjamin D. Gutknecht, Anny Cazenave, Hindumathi Kulaiappan Palanisamy, Florence Marti, Ben Marzeion, Frank Paul, Raymond Le Bris, Anna E. Hogg, Inès Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Petra Döll, Denise Cáceres, Hannes Müller Schmied, Johnny A. Johannessen, Jan Even Øie Nilsen, Roshin P. Raj, René Forsberg, Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Valentina R. Barletta, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Per Knudsen, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Heidi Ranndal, Stine K. Rose, Christopher J. Merchant, Claire R. Macintosh, Karina von Schuckmann, Kristin Novotny, Andreas Groh, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 411–447, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global mean sea-level change observed from 1993 to 2016 (mean rate of 3.05 mm yr−1) matches the combined effect of changes in water density (thermal expansion) and ocean mass. Ocean-mass change has been assessed through the contributions from glaciers, ice sheets, and land water storage or directly from satellite data since 2003. Our budget assessments of linear trends and monthly anomalies utilise new datasets and uncertainty characterisations developed within ESA's Climate Change Initiative.
Cited articles
Bamber, J. and Bentley, C. R.: A comparison of satellite-altimetry and ice-thickness measurements of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 20, 375–364, https://doi.org/10.3189/1994AoG20-1-357-364, 1994.
Barrand, N. E., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., Arthern, R. J., Williams, C. R., Mouginot, J., Scheuchl, B., Rignot, E., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Broeke, M. R. V. D., Edwards, T. L., Cook, A. J., and Simonsen, S. B.: Computing the volume response of the Antarctic Peninsula ice sheet to warming scenarios to 2200, J. Glaciol., 59, 397–409, https://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG12J139, 2013.
Bindschadler, R., Vornberger, P., Fleming, A., Fox, A., Mullins, J., Binnie, D., Paulsen, S. J., Granneman, B., and Gorodetzky, D.: The Landsat image mosaic of Antarctica, Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 4214–4226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.006, 2008.
Bindschadler, R., Choi, H., Wichlacz, A., Bingham, R., Bohlander, J., Brunt, K., Corr, H., Drews, R., Fricker, H., Hall, M., Hindmarsh, R., Kohler, J., Padman, L., Rack, W., Rotschky, G., Urbini, S., Vornberger, P., and Young, N.: Getting around Antarctica: new high-resolution mappings of the grounded and freely-floating boundaries of the Antarctic ice sheet created for the International Polar Year, The Cryosphere, 5, 569–588, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-569-2011, 2011.
Bojinski, S., Verstraete, M., Peterson, T. C., Richter, C., Simmons, A., and Zemp, M.: The Concept of Essential Climate Variables in Support of Climate Research, Applications, and Policy, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 95, 1431–1443, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00047.1, 2014.
Boxall, K., Christie, F. D. W., Willis, I. C., Wuite, J., and Nagler, T.: Seasonal land-ice-flow variability in the Antarctic Peninsula, The Cryosphere, 16, 3907–3932, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3907-2022, 2022.
Brunt, K. M., Fricker, H. A., Padman, L., Scambos, T. A., and O'Neel, S.: Mapping the grounding zone of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, using ICESat laser altimetry, Ann. Glaciol., 51, 71–79, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756410791392790, 2010.
Brunt, K. M., Fricker, H. A., and Padman, L.: Analysis of ice plains of the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, using ICESat laser altimetry, J. Glaciol., 57, 965–975, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311798043753, 2011.
Cook, A. J. and Vaughan, D. G.: Overview of areal changes of the ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past 50 years, The Cryosphere, 4, 77–98, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-77-2010, 2010.
Cook, A. J., Holland, P. R., Meredith, M. P., Murray, T., Luckman, A., and Vaughan, D. G.: Ocean forcing of glacier retreat in the western Antarctic Peninsula, Science, 353, 283–286, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aae0017, 2016.
Cornford, S. L., Seroussi, H., Asay-Davis, X. S., Gudmundsson, G. H., Arthern, R., Borstad, C., Christmann, J., Dias dos Santos, T., Feldmann, J., Goldberg, D., Hoffman, M. J., Humbert, A., Kleiner, T., Leguy, G., Lipscomb, W. H., Merino, N., Durand, G., Morlighem, M., Pollard, D., Rückamp, M., Williams, C. R., and Yu, H.: Results of the third Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (MISMIP+), The Cryosphere, 14, 2283–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2283-2020, 2020.
Corr, H. F. J., Doake, C. S. M., Jenkins, A., and Vaughan, D. G.: Investigations of an “ice plain” in the mouth of Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 47, 51–57, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756501781832395, 2001.
Das, A., Kumar, R., and Rosen, P.: Nisar Mission Overview and Updates on ISRO Science Plan, 2021 IEEE International India Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (InGARSS), Ahmedabad, India, 2021, 269–272, https://doi.org/10.1109/InGARSS51564.2021.9791979, 2022.
Davidson, M., Gebert, N., and Giulicchi, L.: ROSE-L – The L-band SAR Mission for Copernicus, in: EUSAR 2021; 13th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, EUSAR 2021, 1–2, ISBN 978-3-8007-5457-1, 2021.
Davison, B. J., Hogg, A. E., Rigby, R., Veldhuijsen, S., van Wessem, J. M., van den Broeke, M. R., Holland, P. R., Selley, H. L., and Dutrieux, P.: Sea level rise from West Antarctic mass loss significantly modified by large snowfall anomalies, Nat. Commun., 14, 1479, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36990-3, 2023.
Dawson, G. J. and Bamber, J. L.: Antarctic Grounding Line Mapping From CryoSat-2 Radar Altimetry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 11,886-11,893, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075589, 2017.
Dawson, G. J. and Bamber, J. L.: Measuring the location and width of the Antarctic grounding zone using CryoSat-2, The Cryosphere, 14, 2071–2086, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2071-2020, 2020.
Edwards, T. L., Brandon, M. A., Durand, G., Edwards, N. R., Golledge, N. R., Holden, P. B., Nias, I. J., Payne, A. J., Ritz, C., and Wernecke, A.: Revisiting Antarctic ice loss due to marine ice-cliff instability, Nature, 566, 58–64, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0901-4, 2019.
Floricioiu, D., Krieger, L., Chowdhury, T. A., and Bässler, M.: ESA Antarctic Ice Sheet Climate Change Initiative (Antarctic_Ice_Sheet_cci): Grounding line location for key glaciers, Antarctica, 1994–2020, v2.0, NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis [data set], https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/7b3bddd5af4945c2ac508a6d25537f0a/ (last access: 1 August 2023), 2021.
Freer, B. I. D., Marsh, O. J., Hogg, A. E., Fricker, H. A., and Padman, L.: Modes of Antarctic tidal grounding line migration revealed by Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) laser altimetry, The Cryosphere, 17, 4079–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4079-2023, 2023.
Fretwell, P., Pritchard, H. D., Vaughan, D. G., Bamber, J. L., Barrand, N. E., Bell, R., Bianchi, C., Bingham, R. G., Blankenship, D. D., Casassa, G., Catania, G., Callens, D., Conway, H., Cook, A. J., Corr, H. F. J., Damaske, D., Damm, V., Ferraccioli, F., Forsberg, R., Fujita, S., Gim, Y., Gogineni, P., Griggs, J. A., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., Holmlund, P., Holt, J. W., Jacobel, R. W., Jenkins, A., Jokat, W., Jordan, T., King, E. C., Kohler, J., Krabill, W., Riger-Kusk, M., Langley, K. A., Leitchenkov, G., Leuschen, C., Luyendyk, B. P., Matsuoka, K., Mouginot, J., Nitsche, F. O., Nogi, Y., Nost, O. A., Popov, S. V., Rignot, E., Rippin, D. M., Rivera, A., Roberts, J., Ross, N., Siegert, M. J., Smith, A. M., Steinhage, D., Studinger, M., Sun, B., Tinto, B. K., Welch, B. C., Wilson, D., Young, D. A., Xiangbin, C., and Zirizzotti, A.: Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 7, 375–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013, 2013.
Fricker, H. A. and Padman, L.: Ice shelf grounding zone structure from ICESat laser altimetry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026907, 2006.
Fricker, H. A., Hyland, G., Coleman, R., and Young, N. W.: Digital elevation models for the Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf system, East Antarctica, from ERS-1 satellite radar altimetry, J. Glaciol., 46, 553–560, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756500781832639, 2000.
Fricker, H. A., Coleman, R., Padman, L., Scambos, T. A., Bohlander, J., and Brunt, K. M.: Mapping the grounding zone of the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica using InSAR, MODIS and ICESat, Antarct. Sci., 21, 515–532, https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200999023X, 2009.
Friedl, P., Seehaus, T. C., Wendt, A., Braun, M. H., and Höppner, K.: Recent dynamic changes on Fleming Glacier after the disintegration of Wordie Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, The Cryosphere, 12, 1347–1365, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1347-2018, 2018.
Friedl, P., Weiser, F., Fluhrer, A., and Braun, M. H.: Remote sensing of glacier and ice sheet grounding lines: A review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 201, 102948, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102948, 2020.
Gardner, A. S., Moholdt, G., Scambos, T., Fahnstock, M., Ligtenberg, S., van den Broeke, M., and Nilsson, J.: Increased West Antarctic and unchanged East Antarctic ice discharge over the last 7 years, The Cryosphere, 12, 521–547, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-521-2018, 2018.
Gerrish, L.: High resolution vector polygon seamask for areas south of 60S (7.2), UK Polar Data Centre [data set], Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation, https://doi.org/10.5285/8295498A-0A14-4C62-AAFF-9D7C8648F9A5, 2020.
Goldstein, R. M., Engelhardt, H., Kamb, B., and Frolich, R. M.: Satellite radar interferometry for monitoring ice sheet motion: Application to an Antarctic ice stream, Science, 262, 1525–1530, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.262.5139.1525, 1993.
Gourmelen, N., Goldberg, D. N., Snow, K., Henley, S. F., Bingham, R. G., Kimura, S., Hogg, A. E., Shepherd, A., Mouginot, J., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., and van de Berg, W. J.: Channelized Melting Drives Thinning Under a Rapidly Melting Antarctic Ice Shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 9796–9804, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074929, 2017.
Gray, L., Short, N., Bindschadler, R., Joughin, I., Padman, L., Vornberger, P., and Khananian, A.: RADARSAT interferometry for Antarctic grounding-zone mapping, Ann. Glaciol., 34, 269–276, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817879, 2002.
Greene, C. A., Gardner, A. S., Schlegel, N.-J., and Fraser, A. D.: Antarctic calving loss rivals ice-shelf thinning, Nature, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05037-w, 2022.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., and Thépaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47, 2023.
Herzfeld, U. C., Lingle, C. S., and Lee, L.-H.: Recent advance of the grounding line of Lambert Glacier, Antarctica, deduced from satellite-radar altimetry, Ann. Glaciol., 20, 43–47, https://doi.org/10.3189/1994AoG20-1-43-47, 1994.
Herzfeld, U. C., McBride, P. J., Zwally, H. J., and Dimarzio, J.: Elevation changes in Pine Island Glacier, Walgreen Coast, Antarctica, based on GLAS (2003) and ERS-1 (1995) altimeter data analyses and glaciological implications, Int. J. Remote Sens., 29, 5533–5553, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802020510, 2008.
Hogg, A. E.: Locating Ice Sheet Grounding Lines Using Satellite Radar Interferometry and Altimetry, PhD, University of Leeds, 152 pp., https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11356/ (last access: 11 February 2023), 2015.
Hogg, A. E., Shepherd, A., Gilbert, L., Muir, A., and Drinkwater, M. R.: Mapping ice sheet grounding lines with CryoSat-2, Adv. Space Res., 62, 1191–1202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.03.008, 2018.
Howard, S. L., Erofeeva, S., and Padman, L.: CATS2008: Circum-Antarctic Tidal Simulation version 2008, U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP) Data Center [code], https://doi.org/10.15784/601235, 2019.
Howat, I., Porter, C., Noh, M.-J., Husby, E., Khuvis, S., Danish, E., Tomko, K., Gardiner, J., Negrete, A., Yadav, B., Klassen, J., Kelleher, C., Cloutier, M., Bakker, J., Enos, J., Arnold, G., Bauer, G., and Morin, P.: The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica – Mosaics, Version 2, Harvard Dataverse, V1 [data set], https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/EBW8UC, 2022.
Howat, I. M., Porter, C., Smith, B. E., Noh, M.-J., and Morin, P.: The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 13, 665–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-665-2019, 2019.
Huss, M. and Farinotti, D.: A high-resolution bedrock map for the Antarctic Peninsula, The Cryosphere, 8, 1261–1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1261-2014, 2014.
Joughin, I., Smith, B. E., and Abdalati, W.: Glaciological advances made with interferometric synthetic aperture radar, J. Glaciol., 56, 1026–1042, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796406158, 2010a.
Joughin, I., Smith, B. E., and Holland, D. M.: Sensitivity of 21st century sea level to ocean-induced thinning of Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044819, 2010b.
Joughin, I., Alley, R. B., and Holland, D. M.: Ice-Sheet Response to Oceanic Forcing, Science, 338, 1172–1176, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1226481, 2012.
Joughin, I., Shean, D. E., Smith, B. E., and Dutrieux, P.: Grounding line variability and subglacial lake drainage on Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 9093–9102, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070259, 2016.
Li, T., Dawson, G. J., Chuter, S. J., and Bamber, J. L.: Mapping the grounding zone of Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica, from ICESat-2 laser altimetry, The Cryosphere, 14, 3629–3643, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3629-2020, 2020.
Li, T., Dawson, G. J., Chuter, S. J., and Bamber, J. L.: A high-resolution Antarctic grounding zone product from ICESat-2 laser altimetry, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 535–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-535-2022, 2022.
Marsh, O. J., Rack, W., Floricioiu, D., Golledge, N. R., and Lawson, W.: Tidally induced velocity variations of the Beardmore Glacier, Antarctica, and their representation in satellite measurements of ice velocity, The Cryosphere, 7, 1375–1384, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1375-2013, 2013.
Meredith, M., Sommerkorn, M., Cassotta, S., Derksen, C., Ekaykin, A., Hollowed, A., Kofinas, G., Mackintosh, A., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Muelbert, M. M. C., Ottersen, G., Pritchard, H., and Schuur, E. A. G.: Polar Regions, in: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, edited by: Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K., Alegría, A., Nicolai, M., Okem, A., Petzold, J., Rama, B., and Weyer, N. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 203–320, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964.005, 2019.
Miles, B. W. J. and Bingham, R. G.: Progressive unanchoring of Antarctic ice shelves since 1973, Nature, 626, 785–791, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07049-0, 2024.
Milillo, P., Rignot, E., Rizzoli, P., Scheuchl, B., Mouginot, J., Bueso-Bello, J. L., Prats-Iraola, P., and Dini, L.: Rapid glacier retreat rates observed in West Antarctica, Nat. Geosci., 15, 48–53, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00877-z, 2022.
Mohajerani, Y., Jeong, S., Scheuchl, B., Velicogna, I., Rignot, E., and Milillo, P.: Automatic delineation of glacier grounding lines in differential interferometric synthetic-aperture radar data using deep learning, Sci. Rep.-UK, 11, 4992, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84309-3, 2021.
Mouginot, J., Rignot, E., and Scheuchl, B.: Sustained increase in ice discharge from the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, from 1973 to 2013, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1576–1584, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL059069, 2014.
Needell, C. and Holschuh, N.: Evaluating the Retreat, Arrest, and Regrowth of Crane Glacier Against Marine Ice Cliff Process Models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2022GL102400, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102400, 2023.
Ochwat, N. E., Scambos, T. A., Banwell, A. F., Anderson, R. S., Maclennan, M. L., Picard, G., Shates, J. A., Marinsek, S., Margonari, L., Truffer, M., and Pettit, E. C.: Triggers of the 2022 Larsen B multi-year landfast sea ice breakout and initial glacier response, The Cryosphere, 18, 1709–1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1709-2024, 2024.
Oppenheimer, M., Glavovic, B. C., Hinkel, J., van de Wal, R., Magnan, A. K., Abd-Elgawad, A., Cai, R., Cifuentes-Jara, M., DeConto, R. M., Ghosh, T., Hay, J., Isla, F., Marzeion, B., Meyssignac, B., and Sebesvari, Z.: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low-Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities, in: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, edited by: Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K., Alegría, A., Nicolai, M., Okem, A., Petzold, J., Rama, B., and Weyer, N. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 321–445, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964.006, 2019.
Otosaka, I. N., Shepherd, A., Ivins, E. R., Schlegel, N.-J., Amory, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Horwath, M., Joughin, I., King, M. D., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, A. J., Rignot, E., Scambos, T., Simon, K. M., Smith, B. E., Sørensen, L. S., Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P. L., A, G., Agosta, C., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Blazquez, A., Colgan, W., Engdahl, M. E., Fettweis, X., Forsberg, R., Gallée, H., Gardner, A., Gilbert, L., Gourmelen, N., Groh, A., Gunter, B. C., Harig, C., Helm, V., Khan, S. A., Kittel, C., Konrad, H., Langen, P. L., Lecavalier, B. S., Liang, C.-C., Loomis, B. D., McMillan, M., Melini, D., Mernild, S. H., Mottram, R., Mouginot, J., Nilsson, J., Noël, B., Pattle, M. E., Peltier, W. R., Pie, N., Roca, M., Sasgen, I., Save, H. V., Seo, K.-W., Scheuchl, B., Schrama, E. J. O., Schröder, L., Simonsen, S. B., Slater, T., Spada, G., Sutterley, T. C., Vishwakarma, B. D., van Wessem, J. M., Wiese, D., van der Wal, W., and Wouters, B.: Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023.
Padman, L., Fricker, H. A., Coleman, R., Howard, S., and Erofeeva, L.: A new tide model for the Antarctic ice shelves and seas, Ann. Glaciol., 34, 247–254, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817752, 2002.
Padman, L., King, M., Goring, D., Corr, H., and Coleman, R.: Ice-shelf elevation changes due to atmospheric pressure variations, J. Glaciol., 49, 521–526, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830386, 2003.
Padman, L., Siegfried, M. R., and Fricker, H. A.: Ocean Tide Influences on the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets, Rev. Geophys., 56, 142–184, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000546, 2018.
Paolo, F. S., Fricker, H. A., and Padman, L.: Volume loss from Antarctic ice shelves is accelerating, Science, 348, 327–331, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa0940, 2015.
Partington, K. C., Cudlip, W., McIntyre, N. F., and King-Hele, S.: Mapping of Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Surface Features by Satellite Altimetry, Ann. Glaciol., 9, 183–188, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500000586, 1987.
Pattyn, F.: The paradigm shift in Antarctic ice sheet modelling, Nat. Commun., 9, 2728, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05003-z, 2018.
Pattyn, F., Huyghe, A., De Brabander, S., and De Smedt, B.: Role of transition zones in marine ice sheet dynamics, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 111, F02004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000394, 2006.
Rack, W. and Rott, H.: Pattern of retreat and disintegration of the Larsen B ice shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 505–510, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814005, 2004.
Rebesco, M., Domack, E., Zgur, F., Lavoie, C., Leventer, A., Brachfeld, S., Willmott, V., Halverson, G., Truffer, M., Scambos, T., Smith, J., and Pettit, E.: Boundary condition of grounding lines prior to collapse, Larsen-B Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Science, 345, 1354–1358, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256697, 2014.
Rignot, E.: Tidal motion, ice velocity and melt rate of Petermann Gletscher, Greenland, measured from radar interferometry, J. Glaciol., 42, 476–485, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000003464, 1996.
Rignot, E., Casassa, G., Gogineni, P., Krabill, W., Rivera, A., and Thomas, R.: Accelerated ice discharge from the Antarctic Peninsula following the collapse of Larsen B ice shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020697, 2004.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: Antarctic grounding line mapping from differential satellite radar interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L10504, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047109, 2011.
Rignot, E., Jacobs, S., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: Ice-Shelf Melting Around Antarctica, Science, 341, 266–270, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235798, 2013.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., Morlighem, M., Seroussi, H., and Scheuchl, B.: Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 3502–3509, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060140, 2014.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: MEaSUREs Antarctic Grounding Line from Differential Satellite Radar Interferometry (NSIDC-0498, Version 2), NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center [data set], Boulder, Colorado, USA, https://doi.org/10.5067/IKBWW4RYHF1Q, 2016.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: MEaSUREs InSAR-Based Antarctica Ice Velocity Map, Version 2, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center [data set], Boulder, Colorado, USA, https://doi.org/10.5067/D7GK8F5J8M8R, 2017.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., Scheuchl, B., Broeke, M. van den, Wessem, M. J. van, and Morlighem, M.: Four decades of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance from 1979–2017, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 1095–1103, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812883116, 2019.
Rignot, E., Ciracì, E., Scheuchl, B., Tolpekin, V., Wollersheim, M., and Dow, C.: Widespread seawater intrusions beneath the grounded ice of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 121, e2404766121, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2404766121, 2024.
Rignot, E. J.: Fast Recession of a West Antarctic Glacier, Science, 281, 549–551, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5376.549, 1998.
Rosen, P., Hensley, S., Shaffer, S., Edelstein, W., Kim, Y., Kumar, R., Misra, T., Bhan, R., and Sagi, R.: The NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) mission dual-band radar instrument preliminary design, in: 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 3832–3835, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8127836, 2017.
Rott, H., Skvarca, P., and Nagler, T.: Rapid Collapse of Northern Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Science, 271, 788–792, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.271.5250.788, 1996.
Rott, H., Müller, F., Nagler, T., and Floricioiu, D.: The imbalance of glaciers after disintegration of Larsen-B ice shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, The Cryosphere, 5, 125–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-125-2011, 2011.
Rott, H., Abdel Jaber, W., Wuite, J., Scheiblauer, S., Floricioiu, D., van Wessem, J. M., Nagler, T., Miranda, N., and van den Broeke, M. R.: Changing pattern of ice flow and mass balance for glaciers discharging into the Larsen A and B embayments, Antarctic Peninsula, 2011 to 2016, The Cryosphere, 12, 1273–1291, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1273-2018, 2018.
Rott, H., Wuite, J., De Rydt, J., Gudmundsson, G. H., Floricioiu, D., and Rack, W.: Impact of marine processes on flow dynamics of northern Antarctic Peninsula outlet glaciers, Nat. Commun., 11, 2969, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16658-y, 2020.
Scambos, T. A., Bohlander, J. A., Shuman, C. A., and Skvarca, P.: Glacier acceleration and thinning after ice shelf collapse in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020670, 2004.
Scambos, T. A., Haran, T. M., Fahnestock, M. A., Painter, T. H., and Bohlander, J.: MODIS-based Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) data sets: Continent-wide surface morphology and snow grain size, Remote Sens. Environ., 111, 242–257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.12.020, 2007.
Schoof, C.: Ice sheet grounding line dynamics: Steady states, stability, and hysteresis, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 112, F03S28, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000664, 2007.
Seehaus, T. C., Marinsek, S., Skvarca, P., van Wessem, J. M., Reijmer, C. H., Seco, J. L., and Braun, M. H.: Dynamic Response of Sjögren Inlet Glaciers, Antarctic Peninsula, to Ice Shelf Breakup Derived from Multi-Mission Remote Sensing Time Series, Front. Earth Sci., 4, 66, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2016.00066, 2016.
Shepherd, A., Wingham, D., Payne, T., and Skvarca, P.: Larsen Ice Shelf Has Progressively Thinned, Science, 302, 856–859, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089768, 2003.
Shepherd, A., Ivins, E., Rignot, E., Smith, B., van den Broeke, M., Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P., Briggs, K., Joughin, I., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, T., Scambos, T., Schlegel, N., A, G., Agosta, C., Ahlstrøm, A., Babonis, G., Barletta, V., Blazquez, A., Bonin, J., Csatho, B., Cullather, R., Felikson, D., Fettweis, X., Forsberg, R., Gallee, H., Gardner, A., Gilbert, L., Groh, A., Gunter, B., Hanna, E., Harig, C., Helm, V., Horvath, A., Horwath, M., Khan, S., Kjeldsen, K. K., Konrad, H., Langen, P., Lecavalier, B., Loomis, B., Luthcke, S., McMillan, M., Melini, D., Mernild, S., Mohajerani, Y., Moore, P., Mouginot, J., Moyano, G., Muir, A., Nagler, T., Nield, G., Nilsson, J., Noel, B., Otosaka, I., Pattle, M. E., Peltier, W. R., Pie, N., Rietbroek, R., Rott, H., Sandberg-Sørensen, L., Sasgen, I., Save, H., Scheuchl, B., Schrama, E., Schröder, L., Seo, K.-W., Simonsen, S., Slater, T., Spada, G., Sutterley, T., Talpe, M., Tarasov, L., van de Berg, W. J., van der Wal, W., van Wessem, M., Vishwakarma, B. D., Wiese, D., Wouters, B., and The IMBIE team: Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017, Nature, 558, 219–222, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0179-y, 2018.
Smith, A. M.: The use of tiltmeters to study the dynamics of Antarctic ice-shelf grounding lines, J. Glaciol., 37, 51–58, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000042799, 1991.
Stearns, L. A.: Dynamics and mass balance of four large East Antarctic outlet glaciers, Ann. Glaciol., 52, 116–126, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756411799096187, 2011.
Strozzi, T., Luckman, A., Murray, T., and Wegmuller, U.: Glacier Motion Estimation Using SAR Offset-Tracking Procedures, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 40, 2384–2391, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.805079, 2002.
Sundal, A., Shepherd, A., Nienow, P., Hanna, E., Palmer S., and Huybrechts, P.: Melt-induced speed-up of Greenland ice sheet offset by efficient subglacial drainage, Nature, 469, 521–524, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09740, 2011.
Surawy-Stepney, T., Hogg, A. E., Cornford, S. L., Wallis, B. J., Davison, B. J., Selley, H. L., Slater, R. A. W., Lie, E. K., Jakob, L., Ridout, A., Gourmelen, N., Freer, B. I. D., Wilson, S. F., and Shepherd, A.: The effect of landfast sea ice buttressing on ice dynamic speedup in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 18, 977–993, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-977-2024, 2024.
Tuckett, P. A., Ely, J. C., Sole, A. J., Livingstone, S. J., Davison, B. J., van Wessem, J. M., and Howard, J.: Rapid accelerations of Antarctic Peninsula outlet glaciers driven by surface melt, Nat. Commun., 10, 4311, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12039-2, 2019.
Tuckett, P. A., Ely, J. C., Sole, A. J., Livingstone, S. J., Davison, B. J., and van Wessem, J. M.: Reply Reply to: “Impact of marine processes on flow dynamics of northern Antarctic Peninsula outlet glaciers” by Rott et al., Nat. Commun., 11, 2970, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16685-9, 2020.
Vaughan, D. G.: Investigating tidal flexure on an ice shelf using kinematic GPS, Ann. Glaciol., 20, 372–376, https://doi.org/10.3189/1994AoG20-1-372-376, 1994.
Vieli, A. and Payne, A. J.: Assessing the ability of numerical ice sheet models to simulate grounding line migration, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 110, F01003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000202, 2005.
Wallis, B. J., Hogg, A. E., van Wessem, J. M., Davison, B. J., and van den Broeke, M. R.: Widespread seasonal speed-up of west Antarctic Peninsula glaciers from 2014 to 2021, Nat. Geosci., 16, 231–237, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01131-4, 2023a.
Wallis, B. J., Hogg, A. E., Meredith, M. P., Close, R., Hardy, D., McMillan, M., Wuite, J., Nagler, T., and Moffat, C.: Ocean warming drives rapid dynamic activation of marine-terminating glacier on the west Antarctic Peninsula, Nat. Commun., 14, 7535, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42970-4, 2023b.
Wallis, B. J., Hogg, A. E., Zhu, Y., and Hooper, A.: Data and code for “Change in grounding line location on the Antarctic Peninsula measured using a tidal motion offset correlation method” by Wallis et al. 2024, Zenodo [code and data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13120995, 2024.
Xie, H., Chen, L., Liu, S., Jin, Y., Liu, J., Liu, S., and Tong, X.: A Least-Squares Adjusted Grounding Line for the Amery Ice Shelf Using ICESat and Landsat 8 OLI Data, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl., 9, 5113–5122, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2614758, 2016.
Zhong, M., Simons, M., Minchew, B., and Zhu, L.: Inferring Tide-Induced Ephemeral Grounding in an Ice-Shelf-Stream System: Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 128, e2022JF006789, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006789, 2023.
Short summary
The grounding line, where ice begins to float, is an essential variable to understand ice dynamics, but in some locations it can be challenging to measure with established techniques. Using satellite data and a new method, Wallis et al. measure the grounding line position of glaciers and ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula and find retreats of up to 16.3 km have occurred since the last time measurements were made in the 1990s.
The grounding line, where ice begins to float, is an essential variable to understand ice...
