Articles | Volume 18, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4547-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4547-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Oct 2024
Research article |
| 02 Oct 2024
| 02 Oct 2024
A model framework for atmosphere–snow water vapor exchange and the associated isotope effects at Dome Argus, Antarctica – Part 1: The diurnal changes
Tianming Ma
Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
School of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
Zhuang Jiang
Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Minghu Ding
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Pengzhen He
School of Environment and Tourism, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, China
Yuansheng Li
Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
Wenqian Zhang
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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Jiayi Sun, Junmei Lv, Haoran Li, Wenqian Zhang, Biao Tian, and Minghu Ding
The Cryosphere, 20, 4049–4059, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4049-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4049-2026, 2026
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This study reports two years of Micro Rain Radar observations from Great Wall Station, from March 2024 to February 2026. Near-surface precipitation and snowfall occurred during 32 % and 21 % of the time. The signal changed little with height, suggesting frequent shallow snowfall. Weak winds had little effect, while stronger winds likely affected radar observations below 0.7 km. A radar-based snowfall estimate shows that the ERA5 reanalysis product underestimates cumulative snowfall.
Xiyue Zhang, Minghu Ding, Diyi Yang, Bin Cheng, Ian Allison, Kongju Zhu, Yuande Yang, Xiangbin Cui, Petra Heil, Chuanjin Li, and Cunde Xiao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2150, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2150, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for The Cryosphere (TC).
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Stake measurements underestimate Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) due to firn compaction. Using a firn densification model, we correct 2008-2024 stake records from Dome A. The corrected mean annual SMB is 24.14 kg m-2 yr-1, 8.8 % higher than uncorrected values, whereas RACMO2.4p1 gives 17.50 kg m-2 yr-1. The net vapor flux is equivalent to 5.7 % of the total mass input. This framework provides observational benchmarks for climate models, and supports oldest‑ice drilling at Dome A.
Chengyan Liu, Zhaomin Wang, Dake Chen, Xianxian Han, Hengling Leng, Xi Liang, Liangjun Yan, Xiang Li, Craig Stevens, Andrew McC. Hogg, Kazuya Kusahara, Kaihe Yamazaki, Kay I. Ohshima, Meng Zhou, Xiao Cheng, Dongxiao Wang, Changming Dong, Jiping Liu, Qinghua Yang, Xichen Li, Ruibo Lei, Minghu Ding, Zhaoru Zhang, Dujuan Kang, Di Qi, Tongya Liu, Jihai Dong, Lu An, Ru Chen, Tong Zhang, Xiaoming Hu, Bo Han, Haibo Bi, Qi Shu, Longjiang Mu, Shiming Xu, Hu Yang, Hailong Liu, Tingfeng Dou, Zhixuan Feng, Lei Zheng, Xueyuan Tang, Guitao Shi, Yongqing Cai, Bingrui Li, Yang Wu, Xia Lin, Wenjin Sun, Yu Liu, Kai Yu, Yu Zhang, Weizeng Shao, Xiaoyu Wang, Shaojun Zheng, Chengyi Yuan, Chunxia Zhou, Jian Liu, Yang Liu, Yue Xia, Xiaoyu Pan, Jiabao Zeng, Kechen Liu, Jiahao Fan, Chen Cheng, and Qi Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 2985–3033, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2985-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2985-2026, 2026
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We developed a high-resolution computer model to simulate how the ocean, sea ice, and ice shelves interact around Antarctica. This helps us understand their critical role in global climate and sea-level rise. Our model successfully captures essential features like major currents and seasonal ice changes. Despite some remaining biases, it provides a useful tool for predicting future changes in this vital and rapidly evolving region.
Biao Tian, Minghu Ding, Kongju Zhu, Xu Yao, Yixi Zhao, Wenqian Zhang, Diyi Yang, Weijun Sun, Yining Yu, Shoudong Zhao, Yige Cui, Chuanjin Li, Jie Tang, Cunde Xiao, Tong Zhu, and Renhe Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1227, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1227, 2026
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The Antarctic inland is key for climate monitoring, but extreme conditions left gaps in greenhouse gas and ozone data. We developed CRUX-1.0, a low-power automatic system, deployed at Taishan Station in 2024. It ran stably for a month, with accurate data matching South Pole Station’s, cutting costs by over 90 % and filling the unattended monitoring gap to support climate research.
Chunlei An, Su Jiang, Guitao Shi, Hongmei Ma, Chuanjin Li, Zhe Li, Xiaolong Li, Ye Hu, Yan Liu, Xiao Yan, Ningning Sun, Bo Zhang, Shugui Hou, and Yuansheng Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-769, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-769, 2026
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Volcanic eruptions can significantly affect the Earth's climate. Reconstructing past volcanic history can provide valuable information for climate modeling. Our study provides a new volcanic record from Dome A, the highest ice dome in Antarctica. Using this record and three other volcanic records from Antarctica, the prominent volcanic events, the change in volcanic frequency and flux, and the variation of snow accumulation rates at Dome A over the past 4000 years are investigated.
Ruiqi Nan, Biao Tian, Xinfeng Ling, Weijun Sun, Yixi Zhao, Dongqi Zhang, Chuanjin Li, Xin Wang, Jie Tang, Bo Yao, and Minghu Ding
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 6097–6111, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6097-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6097-2025, 2025
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This study presents the first dataset of 11 fluorinated greenhouse gases observed in 2021 at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica. The concentrations of most gases increased and were higher than at two other Antarctic stations. Their sources were linked to industrial activities such as refrigeration and electronics. Although limited to one year, the data provide important background information for detecting future changes in the Antarctic atmosphere.
Shuyu Zhao, Tian Feng, Xuexi Tie, Biao Tian, Xiao Hu, Bo Hu, Dong Yang, Sinan Gu, and Minghu Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 12483–12496, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12483-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12483-2025, 2025
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This study investigated how cloud–radiation interactions influence ozone formation in a warming climate. Using measurements, reanalysis data, and models, we found that cloud–radiation interactions can worsen O3 pollution, and climate warming will amplify the influence. We highlight that climate change will pose greater challenges for China's O3 pollution prevention and control, and actions such as reducing O3 precursors emissions and mitigating climate change are urgently needed.
Zhongyi Zhang, Chunxiang Ye, Yichao Wu, Tao Zhou, Pengfei Chen, Shichang Kang, Chong Zhang, Zhuang Jiang, and Lei Geng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10625–10641, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10625-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10625-2025, 2025
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This study reveals unexpectedly high levels of particulate nitrite at the Base Camp of Mt. Qomolangma, which overwhelmingly exists in coarse mode, and demonstrates that lofted surface soil and long-range transported pollutants contribute to the high levels of nitrite. The high particulate nitrite is likely to participate in atmospheric reactive nitrogen cycling through gas-particle partitioning or photolysis, leading to production of HONO, OH and NO and thereby influencing oxidation chemistry.
Zhao Wei, Shohei Hattori, Asuka Tsuruta, Zhuang Jiang, Sakiko Ishino, Koji Fujita, Sumito Matoba, Lei Geng, Alexis Lamothe, Ryu Uemura, Naohiro Yoshida, Joel Savarino, and Yoshinori Iizuka
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5727–5742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5727-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5727-2025, 2025
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Nitrate isotope records in ice cores reveal changes in NOₓ emissions and atmospheric oxidation chemistry driven by human activity. However, UV-driven postdepositional processes can alter nitrate in snow, making snow accumulation rates critical for preserving these records. This study examines nitrate isotopes in a southeastern Greenland ice core, where high snow accumulation minimizes these effects, providing a reliable archive of atmospheric nitrogen cycling.
Kai Man, Xichen Li, Jürg Luterbacher, Lei Geng, Naiming Yuan, Yurong Hou, Yonghao Wang, and Yujie Miao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1381, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1381, 2025
Preprint archived
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The West Antarctic Ice Sheet shows opposing snow accumulation trends: decreasing in the west and increasing in the east. Our study reveals that tropical ocean temperature shifts – Pacific cooling and Atlantic warming – drive changes in winds and moisture, boosting snowfall in the east while reducing it in the west. Using ice cores and models, we highlight how distant ocean changes shape Antarctic Ice Sheet, crucial for predicting future sea level rise.
Yueli Chen, Yun Xie, Xingwu Duan, and Minghu Ding
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1265–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1265-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1265-2025, 2025
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Rainfall erosivity maps are crucial for identifying key areas of water erosion. Due to the limited historical precipitation data, there are certain biases in rainfall erosivity estimates in China. This study develops a new rainfall erosivity map for mainland China using 1 min precipitation data from 60 129 weather stations, revealing that areas exceeding 4000 MJ mm ha−1 h−1yr−1 of annual rainfall erosivity are mainly concentrated in southern China and on the southern Tibetan Plateau.
Xia Wang, Tao Che, Xueyin Ruan, Shanna Yue, Jing Wang, Chun Zhao, and Lei Geng
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 651–670, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-651-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-651-2025, 2025
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We employed the WRF-Chem model to parameterize atmospheric nitrate deposition in snow and evaluate its performance in simulating snow cover, snow depth, and concentrations of dust and nitrate using new observations from northern China. The results generally exhibit reasonable agreement with field observations in northern China, demonstrating the model's capability to simulate snow properties, including concentrations of reservoir species.
Lijing Chen, Lei Zhang, Yong She, Zhaoliang Zeng, Yu Zheng, Biao Tian, Wenqian Zhang, Zhaohui Liu, Huizheng Che, and Minghu Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 727–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-727-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-727-2025, 2025
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Aerosol optical depth (AOD) at Zhongshan Station varies seasonally, with lower values in summer and higher values in winter. Winter and spring AOD increases due to reduced fine-mode particles, while summer and autumn increases are linked to particle growth. Diurnal AOD variation correlates positively with temperature but negatively with wind speed and humidity. Backward trajectories show that aerosols on high-AOD (low-AOD) days primarily originate from the ocean (interior Antarctica).
Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, and Lei Geng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4895–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4895-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4895-2024, 2024
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Ice-core nitrate could track the past atmospheric NOx and oxidant level, but its interpretation is hampered by the post-depositional processing. In this work, an inverse model was developed and tested against two polar sites and was shown to well reproduce the observed nitrate signals in snow and atmosphere, suggesting that the model can properly correct for the effect of post-depositional processing. This model offers a very useful tool for future studies on ice-core nitrate records.
Siyang Cheng, Xinghong Cheng, Jianzhong Ma, Xiangde Xu, Wenqian Zhang, Jinguang Lv, Gang Bai, Bing Chen, Siying Ma, Steffen Ziegler, Sebastian Donner, and Thomas Wagner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3655–3677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3655-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3655-2023, 2023
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We made mobile MAX-DOAS measurements in the background atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 2021. We retrieved the tropospheric NO2 and HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) along extended driving routes and found a decreasing trend of the VCDs with altitude. Elevated NO2 VCDs along the driving routes could be attributed to enhanced traffic emissions from the towns crossed. The spatio-temporal distribution of the HCHO VCDs correlated strongly with the surface temperature.
Youhong Sun, Bing Li, Xiaopeng Fan, Yuansheng Li, Guopin Li, Haibin Yu, Hongzhi Li, Dongliang Wang, Nan Zhang, Da Gong, Rusheng Wang, Yazhou Li, and Pavel G. Talalay
The Cryosphere, 17, 1089–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1089-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1089-2023, 2023
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The discovery of polar subglacial lakes, rivers and streams has opened a new frontier of science within a short span. We present a new environmentally friendly approach to study subglacial reservoirs based on the concept of freezing-in instrumented probes carrying a tethering power-signal cable. In January 2022, the probe was successfully tested in East Antarctica: it reached the base of the ice sheet and returned to the ice surface with samples of melted water from the basal ice.
Na Li, Ruibo Lei, Petra Heil, Bin Cheng, Minghu Ding, Zhongxiang Tian, and Bingrui Li
The Cryosphere, 17, 917–937, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-917-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-917-2023, 2023
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The observed annual maximum landfast ice (LFI) thickness off Zhongshan (Davis) was 1.59±0.17 m (1.64±0.08 m). Larger interannual and local spatial variabilities for the seasonality of LFI were identified at Zhongshan, with the dominant influencing factors of air temperature anomaly, snow atop, local topography and wind regime, and oceanic heat flux. The variability of LFI properties across the study domain prevailed at interannual timescales, over any trend during the recent decades.
Yetang Wang, Xueying Zhang, Wentao Ning, Matthew A. Lazzara, Minghu Ding, Carleen H. Reijmer, Paul C. J. P. Smeets, Paolo Grigioni, Petra Heil, Elizabeth R. Thomas, David Mikolajczyk, Lee J. Welhouse, Linda M. Keller, Zhaosheng Zhai, Yuqi Sun, and Shugui Hou
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 411–429, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-411-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-411-2023, 2023
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Here we construct a new database of Antarctic automatic weather station (AWS) meteorological records, which is quality-controlled by restrictive criteria. This dataset compiled all available Antarctic AWS observations, and its resolutions are 3-hourly, daily and monthly, which is very useful for quantifying spatiotemporal variability in weather conditions. Furthermore, this compilation will be used to estimate the performance of the regional climate models or meteorological reanalysis products.
Minghu Ding, Xiaowei Zou, Qizhen Sun, Diyi Yang, Wenqian Zhang, Lingen Bian, Changgui Lu, Ian Allison, Petra Heil, and Cunde Xiao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5019–5035, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5019-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5019-2022, 2022
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The PANDA automatic weather station (AWS) network consists of 11 stations deployed along a transect from the coast (Zhongshan Station) to the summit of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (Dome A). It covers the different climatic and topographic units of East Antarctica. All stations record hourly air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction at two or three heights. The PANDA AWS dataset commences from 1989 and is planned to be publicly available into the future.
Yanzhi Cao, Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Jihong Cole-Dai, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, and Lei Geng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13407–13422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13407-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13407-2022, 2022
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We investigate the potential of ice-core preserved nitrate isotopes as proxies of stratospheric ozone variability by measuring nitrate isotopes in a shallow ice core from the South Pole. The large variability in the snow accumulation rate and its slight increase after the 1970s masked any signals caused by the ozone hole. Moreover, the nitrate oxygen isotope decrease may reflect changes in the atmospheric oxidation environment in the Southern Ocean.
Xueyin Ruan, Chun Zhao, Rahul A. Zaveri, Pengzhen He, Xinming Wang, Jingyuan Shao, and Lei Geng
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6143–6164, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6143-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6143-2022, 2022
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Accurate prediction of aerosol pH in chemical transport models is essential to aerosol modeling. This study examines the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) on aerosol pH predictions and the sensitivities to emissions of nonvolatile cations and NH3, aerosol-phase state assumption, and heterogeneous sulfate production. Temporal evolution of aerosol pH during haze cycles in Beijing and the driving factors are also presented and discussed.
Zhuang Jiang, Joel Savarino, Becky Alexander, Joseph Erbland, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, and Lei Geng
The Cryosphere, 16, 2709–2724, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, 2022
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A record of year-round atmospheric nitrate isotopic composition along with snow nitrate isotopic data from Summit, Greenland, revealed apparent enrichments in nitrogen isotopes in snow nitrate compared to atmospheric nitrate, in addition to a relatively smaller degree of changes in oxygen isotopes. The results suggest that at this site post-depositional processing takes effect, which should be taken into account when interpreting ice-core nitrate isotope records.
Yueli Chen, Xingwu Duan, Minghu Ding, Wei Qi, Ting Wei, Jianduo Li, and Yun Xie
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2681–2695, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2681-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2681-2022, 2022
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We reconstructed the first annual rainfall erosivity dataset for the Tibetan Plateau in China. The dataset covers 71 years in a 0.25° grid. The reanalysis precipitation data are employed in combination with the densely spaced in situ precipitation observations to generate the dataset. The dataset can supply fundamental data for quantifying the water erosion, and extend our knowledge of the rainfall-related hazard prediction on the Tibetan Plateau.
Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, and Lei Geng
The Cryosphere, 15, 4207–4220, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, 2021
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We used a snow photochemistry model (TRANSITS) to simulate the seasonal nitrate snow profile at Summit, Greenland. Comparisons between model outputs and observations suggest that at Summit post-depositional processing is active and probably dominates the snowpack δ15N seasonality. We also used the model to assess the degree of snow nitrate loss and the consequences in its isotopes at present and in the past, which helps for quantitative interpretations of ice-core nitrate records.
Minghu Ding, Tong Zhang, Diyi Yang, Ian Allison, Tingfeng Dou, and Cunde Xiao
The Cryosphere, 15, 4201–4206, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4201-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4201-2021, 2021
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Measurement of snow heat conductivity is essential to establish the energy balance between the atmosphere and firn, but it is still not clear in Antarctica. Here, we used data from three automatic weather stations located in different types of climate and evaluated nine schemes that were used to calculate the effective heat diffusivity of snow. The best solution was proposed. However, no conductivity–density relationship was optimal at all sites, and the performance of each varied with depth.
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Short summary
We constructed a box model to evaluate the isotope effects of atmosphere–snow water vapor exchange at Dome A, Antarctica. The results show clear and invisible diurnal changes in surface snow isotopes under summer and winter conditions, respectively. The model also predicts that the annual net effects of atmosphere–snow water vapor exchange would be overall enrichments in snow isotopes since the effects in summer appear to be greater than those in winter at the study site.
We constructed a box model to evaluate the isotope effects of atmosphere–snow water vapor...
