Articles | Volume 17, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3041-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3041-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Jul 2023
Research article |
| 25 Jul 2023
| 25 Jul 2023
Foehn winds at Pine Island Glacier and their role in ice changes
The Environmental and Geophysical Sciences (ENGEOS) Lab, Khalifa
University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Ricardo Fonseca
The Environmental and Geophysical Sciences (ENGEOS) Lab, Khalifa
University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Kyle S. Mattingly
Space Science and Engineering Center, University of
Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Stef Lhermitte
Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Department of Geoscience & Remote Sensing, Delft University of
Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Catherine Walker
Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
Related authors
Yesobu Yarragunta, Diana Francis, Ricardo Fonseca, and Narendra Nelli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-959, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-959, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study consists of a comprehensive evaluation of the WRF-Chem model for concentrations of gaseous pollutants against satellite observations over the United Arab Emirates. The model showed high skills in simulating the observed concentrations of ozone and NO2, however it has discrepancies in reproducing the observed CO concentrations with an overestimation in summer and underestimation in winter. The model showed high performance in terms of meteorological parameters.
Rachid Abida, Narendra Nelli, Diana Francis, Olivier Masson, Ricardo Fonseca, Emmanuel Bosc, and Marouane Temimi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-956, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-956, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study is the first application of the Eddy Covariance (EC) framework to measure the fog droplet deposition velocity in a hyperarid coastal site. The average deposition velocity of fog droplets is around 3 cm s-1. The ratio of the time-integrated ground deposition of 137Cs under foggy conditions to that under clear sky conditions, showed that the fog contributed to the total ground deposition of 137Cs by up to 40 %.
Ricardo Fonseca, Diana Francis, Michael Weston, Narendra Nelli, Sufian Farah, Youssef Wehbe, Taha AlHosari, Oriol Teixido, and Ruqaya Mohamed
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-597, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-597, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
High-sensitivity of summer convection and precipitation over the United Arab Emirates to aerosols properties and loadings.
Diana Francis, Kyle S. Mattingly, Stef Lhermitte, Marouane Temimi, and Petra Heil
The Cryosphere, 15, 2147–2165, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The unexpected September 2019 calving event from the Amery Ice Shelf, the largest since 1963 and which occurred almost a decade earlier than expected, was triggered by atmospheric extremes. Explosive twin polar cyclones provided a deterministic role in this event by creating oceanward sea surface slope triggering the calving. The observed record-anomalous atmospheric conditions were promoted by blocking ridges and Antarctic-wide anomalous poleward transport of heat and moisture.
Jhon F. Mojica, Daiane Faller, Diana Francis, Clare Eayrs, and David Holland
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2019-41, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2019-41, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
During 2017 Austral winter, an ice-free area surrounded by the winter sea ice called open ocean polynya appeared in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica. A layer between 80–180 m depth storage energy from summer months characterizing the vertical structure of the water column. Mixing processes drives the exchange of energy in the water column. This exchange of energy contribute to the open-ocean polynya preconditioning.
Diana Francis, Clare Eayrs, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Thomas Mote, and David M. Holland
Adv. Sci. Res., 16, 49–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-49-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-49-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in Polar jet circulation bring more dust from Sahara to Greenland. The poleward transport of warm, moist, and dust-laden air masses from the Sahara results in ice melting in Greenland. A meandering polar jet was discovered as responsible for both the emission and the poleward transport of dust. The emission has been linked to an intense Saharan cyclone that formed in April 2011, as a result of the intrusion of an upper-level trough emanating from the polar jet and orographic blocking.
Yesobu Yarragunta, Diana Francis, Ricardo Fonseca, and Narendra Nelli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-959, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-959, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This study consists of a comprehensive evaluation of the WRF-Chem model for concentrations of gaseous pollutants against satellite observations over the United Arab Emirates. The model showed high skills in simulating the observed concentrations of ozone and NO2, however it has discrepancies in reproducing the observed CO concentrations with an overestimation in summer and underestimation in winter. The model showed high performance in terms of meteorological parameters.
Brian Kahn, Cameron Bertossa, Xiuhong Chen, Brian Drouin, Erin Hokanson, Xianglei Huang, Tristan L'Ecuyer, Kyle Mattingly, Aronne Merrelli, Tim Michaels, Nate Miller, Federico Donat, Tiziano Maestri, and Michele Martinazzo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2463, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2463, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A cloud detection mask algorithm is developed for the upcoming Polar Radiant Energy in the Far Infrared Experiment (PREFIRE) satellite mission to be launched by NASA in May 2024. The cloud mask is compared to "truth" and is capable of detecting over 90 % of all clouds globally tested with simulated data, and about 87 % of all clouds in the Arctic region.
Lena G. Buth, Valeria Di Biase, Peter Kuipers Munneke, Stef Lhermitte, Sanne B. M. Veldhuijsen, Sophie de Roda Husman, Michiel R. van den Broeke, and Bert Wouters
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2000, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2000, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Liquid meltwater which is stored in air bubbles in the compacted snow near the surface of Antarctica can affect ice shelf stability. In order to detect the presence of such firn aquifers over large scales, satellite remote sensing is needed. In this paper, we present our new detection method using radar satellite data as well as the results for the whole Antarctic Peninsula. Firn aquifers are found in the north and northwest of the peninsula, in agreement with locations predicted by models.
Ann-Sofie Priergaard Zinck, Bert Wouters, Erwin Lambert, and Stef Lhermitte
The Cryosphere, 17, 3785–3801, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3785-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3785-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The ice shelves in Antarctica are melting from below, which puts their stability at risk. Therefore, it is important to observe how much and where they are melting. In this study we use high-resolution satellite imagery to derive 50 m resolution basal melt rates of the Dotson Ice Shelf. With the high resolution of our product we are able to uncover small-scale features which may in the future help us to understand the state and fate of the Antarctic ice shelves and their (in)stability.
Rachid Abida, Narendra Nelli, Diana Francis, Olivier Masson, Ricardo Fonseca, Emmanuel Bosc, and Marouane Temimi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-956, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-956, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
This study is the first application of the Eddy Covariance (EC) framework to measure the fog droplet deposition velocity in a hyperarid coastal site. The average deposition velocity of fog droplets is around 3 cm s-1. The ratio of the time-integrated ground deposition of 137Cs under foggy conditions to that under clear sky conditions, showed that the fog contributed to the total ground deposition of 137Cs by up to 40 %.
Weiran Li, Sanne B. M. Veldhuijsen, and Stef Lhermitte
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1556, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1556, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study used a machine learning approach to estimate the densities over the Antarctic Ice Sheet, particularly in the areas where the snow is usually dry. The motivation is to establish a link between satellite parameters to snow densities, as measurements are difficult for people to take on site. It provides valuable insights into the complexities of the relationship between satellite parameters and firn density and provides potential for further studies.
Lena G. Buth, Bert Wouters, Sanne B. M. Veldhuijsen, Stef Lhermitte, Peter Kuipers Munneke, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-127, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-127, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Liquid meltwater which is stored in air bubbles in the compacted snow near the surface of Antarctica can affect ice shelf stability. In order to detect the presence of such firn aquifers over large scales, satellite remote sensing is needed. In this paper, we present our new detection method using radar satellite data as well as the results for the whole Antarctic Peninsula. Firn aquifers are found in the north and northwest of the peninsula, in agreement with locations predicted by models.
Weiran Li, Cornelis Slobbe, and Stef Lhermitte
The Cryosphere, 16, 2225–2243, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2225-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2225-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a new method for correcting the slope-induced errors in satellite radar altimetry. The slope-induced errors can significantly affect the height estimations of ice sheets if left uncorrected. This study applies the method to radar altimetry data (CryoSat-2) and compares the performance with two existing methods. The performance is assessed by comparison with independent height measurements from ICESat-2. The assessment shows that the method performs promisingly.
Zhongyang Hu, Peter Kuipers Munneke, Stef Lhermitte, Maaike Izeboud, and Michiel van den Broeke
The Cryosphere, 15, 5639–5658, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctica is shrinking, and part of the mass loss is caused by higher temperatures leading to more snowmelt. We use computer models to estimate the amount of melt, but this can be inaccurate – specifically in the areas with the most melt. This is because the model cannot account for small, darker areas like rocks or darker ice. Thus, we trained a computer using artificial intelligence and satellite images that showed these darker areas. The model computed an improved estimate of melt.
Weiran Li, Stef Lhermitte, and Paco López-Dekker
The Cryosphere, 15, 5309–5322, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5309-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5309-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Surface meltwater lakes have been observed on several Antarctic ice shelves in field studies and optical images. Meltwater lakes can drain and refreeze, increasing the fragility of the ice shelves. The combination of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter and interferometric information (InSAR) can provide the cryosphere community with the possibility to continuously assess the dynamics of the meltwater lakes, potentially helping to facilitate the study of ice shelves in a changing climate.
Annelies Voordendag, Marion Réveillet, Shelley MacDonell, and Stef Lhermitte
The Cryosphere, 15, 4241–4259, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4241-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4241-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The sensitivity of two snow models (SNOWPACK and SnowModel) to various parameterizations and atmospheric forcing biases is assessed in the semi-arid Andes of Chile in winter 2017. Models show that sublimation is a main driver of ablation and that its relative contribution to total ablation is highly sensitive to the selected albedo parameterization and snow roughness length. The forcing and parameterizations are more important than the model choice, despite differences in physical complexity.
Ricardo Fonseca, Diana Francis, Michael Weston, Narendra Nelli, Sufian Farah, Youssef Wehbe, Taha AlHosari, Oriol Teixido, and Ruqaya Mohamed
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-597, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-597, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
High-sensitivity of summer convection and precipitation over the United Arab Emirates to aerosols properties and loadings.
Diana Francis, Kyle S. Mattingly, Stef Lhermitte, Marouane Temimi, and Petra Heil
The Cryosphere, 15, 2147–2165, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The unexpected September 2019 calving event from the Amery Ice Shelf, the largest since 1963 and which occurred almost a decade earlier than expected, was triggered by atmospheric extremes. Explosive twin polar cyclones provided a deterministic role in this event by creating oceanward sea surface slope triggering the calving. The observed record-anomalous atmospheric conditions were promoted by blocking ridges and Antarctic-wide anomalous poleward transport of heat and moisture.
Oliver Branch, Thomas Schwitalla, Marouane Temimi, Ricardo Fonseca, Narendra Nelli, Michael Weston, Josipa Milovac, and Volker Wulfmeyer
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1615–1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Effective numerical weather forecasting is vital in arid regions like the United Arab Emirates where extreme events like heat waves, flash floods, and dust storms are becoming more severe. This study employs a high-resolution simulation with the WRF-NOAHMP model, and the output is compared with seasonal observation data from 50 weather stations. This type of verification is vital to identify model deficiencies and improve forecasting systems for arid regions.
Pete D. Akers, Ben G. Kopec, Kyle S. Mattingly, Eric S. Klein, Douglas Causey, and Jeffrey M. Welker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 13929–13955, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13929-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13929-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water vapor isotopes recorded for 2 years in coastal northern Greenland largely reflect changes in sea ice cover, with distinct values when Baffin Bay is ice covered in winter vs. open in summer. Resulting changes in moisture transport, surface winds, and air temperature also modify the isotopes. Local glacial ice may thus preserve past changes in the Baffin Bay sea ice extent, and this will help us better understand how the Arctic environment and water cycle responds to global climate change.
Christiaan T. van Dalum, Willem Jan van de Berg, Stef Lhermitte, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
The Cryosphere, 14, 3645–3662, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3645-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3645-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The reflectivity of sunlight, which is also known as albedo, is often inadequately modeled in regional climate models. Therefore, we have implemented a new snow and ice albedo scheme in the regional climate model RACMO2. In this study, we evaluate a new RACMO2 version for the Greenland ice sheet by using observations and the previous model version. RACMO2 output compares well with observations, and by including new processes we improve the ability of RACMO2 to make future climate projections.
Thore Kausch, Stef Lhermitte, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Nander Wever, Mana Inoue, Frank Pattyn, Sainan Sun, Sarah Wauthy, Jean-Louis Tison, and Willem Jan van de Berg
The Cryosphere, 14, 3367–3380, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ice rises are elevated parts of the otherwise flat ice shelf. Here we study the impact of an Antarctic ice rise on the surrounding snow accumulation by combining field data and modeling. Our results show a clear difference in average yearly snow accumulation between the windward side, the leeward side and the peak of the ice rise due to differences in snowfall and wind erosion. This is relevant for the interpretation of ice core records, which are often drilled on the peak of an ice rise.
Marion Réveillet, Shelley MacDonell, Simon Gascoin, Christophe Kinnard, Stef Lhermitte, and Nicole Schaffer
The Cryosphere, 14, 147–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-147-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-147-2020, 2020
Thomas J. Ballinger, Thomas L. Mote, Kyle Mattingly, Angela C. Bliss, Edward Hanna, Dirk van As, Melissa Prieto, Saeideh Gharehchahi, Xavier Fettweis, Brice Noël, Paul C. J. P. Smeets, Carleen H. Reijmer, Mads H. Ribergaard, and John Cappelen
The Cryosphere, 13, 2241–2257, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2241-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2241-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic sea ice and the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) are melting later in the year due to a warming climate. Through analyses of weather station, climate model, and reanalysis data, physical links are evaluated between Baffin Bay open water duration and western GrIS melt conditions. We show that sub-Arctic air mass movement across this portion of the GrIS strongly influences late summer and autumn melt, while near-surface, off-ice winds inhibit westerly atmospheric heat transfer from Baffin Bay.
Jhon F. Mojica, Daiane Faller, Diana Francis, Clare Eayrs, and David Holland
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2019-41, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2019-41, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
During 2017 Austral winter, an ice-free area surrounded by the winter sea ice called open ocean polynya appeared in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica. A layer between 80–180 m depth storage energy from summer months characterizing the vertical structure of the water column. Mixing processes drives the exchange of energy in the water column. This exchange of energy contribute to the open-ocean polynya preconditioning.
Diana Francis, Clare Eayrs, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Thomas Mote, and David M. Holland
Adv. Sci. Res., 16, 49–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-49-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-49-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in Polar jet circulation bring more dust from Sahara to Greenland. The poleward transport of warm, moist, and dust-laden air masses from the Sahara results in ice melting in Greenland. A meandering polar jet was discovered as responsible for both the emission and the poleward transport of dust. The emission has been linked to an intense Saharan cyclone that formed in April 2011, as a result of the intrusion of an upper-level trough emanating from the polar jet and orographic blocking.
Alexandra Gossart, Stephen P. Palm, Niels Souverijns, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Stef Lhermitte, and Nicole P. M. van Lipzig
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-25, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-25, 2019
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Blowing snow measurements are scarce, both in time and space over the Antarctic ice sheet. We compare here CALIPSO satellite blowing snow measurements, to ground-base remote sensing ceilometer retrievals at two coastal stations in East Antarctica. Results indicate that 95 % of the blowing snow occurs under cloudy conditions, and are missed by the satellite. In addition, difficulties arise if comparing point locations to satellite overpasses.
Niels Souverijns, Alexandra Gossart, Stef Lhermitte, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Jacopo Grazioli, Alexis Berne, Claudio Duran-Alarcon, Brice Boudevillain, Christophe Genthon, Claudio Scarchilli, and Nicole P. M. van Lipzig
The Cryosphere, 12, 3775–3789, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3775-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3775-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Snowfall observations over Antarctica are scarce and currently limited to information from the CloudSat satellite. Here, a first evaluation of the CloudSat snowfall record is performed using observations of ground-based precipitation radars. Results indicate an accurate representation of the snowfall climatology over Antarctica, despite the low overpass frequency of the satellite, outperforming state-of-the-art model estimates. Individual snowfall events are however not well represented.
Niels Souverijns, Alexandra Gossart, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Stef Lhermitte, Alexander Mangold, Quentin Laffineur, Andy Delcloo, and Nicole P. M. van Lipzig
The Cryosphere, 12, 1987–2003, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1987-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1987-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work is the first to gain insight into the local surface mass balance over Antarctica using accurate long-term snowfall observations. A non-linear relationship between accumulation and snowfall is discovered, indicating that total surface mass balance measurements are not a good proxy for snowfall over Antarctica. Furthermore, the meteorological drivers causing changes in the local SMB are identified.
Jan Melchior van Wessem, Willem Jan van de Berg, Brice P. Y. Noël, Erik van Meijgaard, Charles Amory, Gerit Birnbaum, Constantijn L. Jakobs, Konstantin Krüger, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Stef Lhermitte, Stefan R. M. Ligtenberg, Brooke Medley, Carleen H. Reijmer, Kristof van Tricht, Luke D. Trusel, Lambertus H. van Ulft, Bert Wouters, Jan Wuite, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
The Cryosphere, 12, 1479–1498, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1479-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1479-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a detailed evaluation of the latest version of the regional atmospheric climate model RACMO2.3p2 (1979-2016) over the Antarctic ice sheet. The model successfully reproduces the present-day climate and surface mass balance (SMB) when compared with an extensive set of observations and improves on previous estimates of the Antarctic climate and SMB.
This study shows that the latest version of RACMO2 can be used for high-resolution future projections over the AIS.
Brice Noël, Willem Jan van de Berg, J. Melchior van Wessem, Erik van Meijgaard, Dirk van As, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Stef Lhermitte, Peter Kuipers Munneke, C. J. P. Paul Smeets, Lambertus H. van Ulft, Roderik S. W. van de Wal, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
The Cryosphere, 12, 811–831, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-811-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-811-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a detailed evaluation of the latest version of the regional climate model RACMO2.3p2 at 11 km resolution (1958–2016) over the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). The model successfully reproduces the present-day climate and surface mass balance, i.e. snowfall minus meltwater run-off, of the GrIS compared to in situ observations. Since run-off from marginal narrow glaciers is poorly resolved at 11 km, further statistical downscaling to 1 km resolution is required for mass balance studies.
Alexandra Gossart, Niels Souverijns, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Stef Lhermitte, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Jan H. Schween, Alexander Mangold, Quentin Laffineur, and Nicole P. M. van Lipzig
The Cryosphere, 11, 2755–2772, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2755-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2755-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Blowing snow plays an important role on local surface mass balance of Antarctica. We present here the blowing snow detection algorithm, to retrieve blowing snow occurrence from the attenuated backscatter signal of ceilometers set up at two station. There is a good correspondence in detection of heavy blowing snow by the algorithm and the visual observations performed at Neumayer station. Moreover, most of the blowing snow occurs during events bringing precipitation from the coast inland.
Kristof Van Tricht, Stef Lhermitte, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, and Nicole P. M. van Lipzig
The Cryosphere, 10, 2379–2397, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2379-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2379-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the crucial role of polar regions in the global climate system, the limited availability of observations on the ground hampers a detailed understanding of their energy budget. Here we develop a method to use satellites to fill these observational gaps. We show that by sampling satellite observations in a smart way, coverage is greatly enhanced. We conclude that this method might help improve our understanding of the polar energy budget, and ultimately its effects on the global climate.
Brice Noël, Willem Jan van de Berg, Horst Machguth, Stef Lhermitte, Ian Howat, Xavier Fettweis, and Michiel R. van den Broeke
The Cryosphere, 10, 2361–2377, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2361-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2361-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 1 km resolution data set (1958–2015) of daily Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance (SMB), statistically downscaled from the data of RACMO2.3 at 11 km using elevation dependence, precipitation and bare ice albedo corrections. The data set resolves Greenland narrow ablation zones and local outlet glaciers, and shows more realistic SMB patterns, owing to enhanced runoff at the ice sheet margins. An evaluation of the product against SMB measurements shows improved agreement.
Paul Hublart, Denis Ruelland, Inaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Simon Gascoin, Stef Lhermitte, and Antonio Ibacache
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3691–3717, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3691-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3691-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper explores the reliability of conceptual catchment models in the dry Andes. First, we show that explicitly accounting for irrigation water use improves streamflow predictions during dry years. Second, we show that sublimation losses can be easily incorporated into temperature-based melt models without increasing model complexity too much. Our work also highlights areas requiring additional research, including the need for a better conceptualization of runoff generation processes.
S. Lhermitte, J. Abermann, and C. Kinnard
The Cryosphere, 8, 1069–1086, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1069-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1069-2014, 2014
K. Van Tricht, I. V. Gorodetskaya, S. Lhermitte, D. D. Turner, J. H. Schween, and N. P. M. Van Lipzig
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1153–1167, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1153-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1153-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Discipline: Glaciers | Subject: Atmospheric Interactions
The role of föhn winds in eastern Antarctic Peninsula rapid ice shelf collapse
The distribution and evolution of supraglacial lakes on 79° N Glacier (north-eastern Greenland) and interannual climatic controls
Atmospheric extremes caused high oceanward sea surface slope triggering the biggest calving event in more than 50 years at the Amery Ice Shelf
Spatio-temporal flow variations driving heat exchange processes at a mountain glacier
Measurements and modeling of snow albedo at Alerce Glacier, Argentina: effects of volcanic ash, snow grain size, and cloudiness
Towards understanding the pattern of glacier mass balances in High Mountain Asia using regional climatic modelling
A multi-season investigation of glacier surface roughness lengths through in situ and remote observation
Variability in individual particle structure and mixing states between the glacier–snowpack and atmosphere in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Matthew K. Laffin, Charles S. Zender, Melchior van Wessem, and Sebastián Marinsek
The Cryosphere, 16, 1369–1381, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1369-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1369-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The collapses of the Larsen A and B ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) occurred while the ice shelves were covered with large melt lakes, and ocean waves damaged the ice shelf fronts, triggering collapse. Observations show föhn winds were present on both ice shelves and increased surface melt and drove sea ice away from the ice front. Collapsed ice shelves experienced enhanced surface melt driven by föhn winds, whereas extant ice shelves are affected less by föhn-wind-induced melt.
Jenny V. Turton, Philipp Hochreuther, Nathalie Reimann, and Manuel T. Blau
The Cryosphere, 15, 3877–3896, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3877-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3877-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the climatic controls of melt lake development, melt duration, melt extent, and the spatial distribution of lakes of 79°N Glacier. There is a large interannual variability in the areal extent of the lakes and the maximum elevation of lake development, which is largely controlled by the summertime air temperatures and the snowpack thickness. Late-summer lake development can be prompted by spikes in surface mass balance. There is some evidence of inland expansion of lakes over time.
Diana Francis, Kyle S. Mattingly, Stef Lhermitte, Marouane Temimi, and Petra Heil
The Cryosphere, 15, 2147–2165, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The unexpected September 2019 calving event from the Amery Ice Shelf, the largest since 1963 and which occurred almost a decade earlier than expected, was triggered by atmospheric extremes. Explosive twin polar cyclones provided a deterministic role in this event by creating oceanward sea surface slope triggering the calving. The observed record-anomalous atmospheric conditions were promoted by blocking ridges and Antarctic-wide anomalous poleward transport of heat and moisture.
Rebecca Mott, Ivana Stiperski, and Lindsey Nicholson
The Cryosphere, 14, 4699–4718, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4699-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4699-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Hintereisferner Experiment (HEFEX) investigated spatial and temporal dynamics of the near-surface boundary layer and associated heat exchange processes close to the glacier surface during the melting season. Turbulence data suggest that strong changes in the local thermodynamic characteristics occur when westerly flows disturbed prevailing katabatic flow, forming across-glacier flows and facilitating warm-air advection from the surrounding ice-free areas, which potentially promote ice melt.
Julián Gelman Constantin, Lucas Ruiz, Gustavo Villarosa, Valeria Outes, Facundo N. Bajano, Cenlin He, Hector Bajano, and Laura Dawidowski
The Cryosphere, 14, 4581–4601, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4581-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4581-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the results of two field campaigns and modeling activities on the impact of atmospheric particles on Alerce Glacier (Argentinean Andes). We found that volcanic ash remains at different snow layers several years after eruption, increasing light absorption on the glacier surface (with a minor contribution of soot). This leads to 36 % higher annual glacier melting. We find remarkably that volcano eruptions in 2011 and 2015 have a relevant effect on the glacier even in 2016 and 2017.
Remco J. de Kok, Philip D. A. Kraaijenbrink, Obbe A. Tuinenburg, Pleun N. J. Bonekamp, and Walter W. Immerzeel
The Cryosphere, 14, 3215–3234, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3215-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3215-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers worldwide are shrinking, yet glaciers in parts of High Mountain Asia are growing. Using models of the regional climate and glacier growth, we reproduce the observed patterns of glacier growth and shrinkage in High Mountain Asia of the last decades. Increases in snow, in part from water that comes from lowland agriculture, have probably been more important than changes in temperature to explain the growing glaciers. We now better understand changes in the crucial mountain water cycle.
Noel Fitzpatrick, Valentina Radić, and Brian Menounos
The Cryosphere, 13, 1051–1071, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1051-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1051-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of surface roughness are rare on glaciers, despite being an important control for heat exchange with the atmosphere and surface melt. In this study, roughness values were determined through measurements at multiple locations and seasons and found to vary across glacier surfaces and to differ from commonly assumed values in melt models. Two new methods that remotely determine roughness from digital elevation models returned good performance and may facilitate improved melt modelling.
Zhiwen Dong, Shichang Kang, Dahe Qin, Yaping Shao, Sven Ulbrich, and Xiang Qin
The Cryosphere, 12, 3877–3890, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3877-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3877-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study aimed to provide a first and unique record of physicochemical properties and mixing states of LAPs at the glacier and atmosphere interface over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau to determine the individual LAPs' structure aging and mixing state changes through the atmospheric deposition process from atmosphere to glacier–snowpack surface, thereby helping to characterize the LAPs' radiative forcing and climate effects in the cryosphere region.
Cited articles
Aulicino, G., Sansiviero, M., Paul, S., Cesarano, C., Fusco, G., Wadhams, P.,
and Budillon, G.: A New Approach for Monitoring the Terra Nova Bay Polynya
through MODIS Ice Surface Temperature Imagery and Its Validation during 2011
and 2011 Winter Seasons, Remote Sens., 10, 366,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030366, 2018.
Bamber, J., Gomez-Dans, J. L., and Griggs, J. A.: Antarctic 1km Digital
Elevation Model (DEM) from Combined ERS-1 Radar and ICESat Laser Satellite
Altimetry, version 1, Boulder, Colorado USA, National Aeronautics
and Space Administration National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed
Active Archive Center [data set],
https://doi.org/10.5067/H0FQ1KL9NEKM, 2019.
Bamber, J. L., Riva, R. E. M., Vermeersen, B. L. A., and LeBrocq, A. M.:
Reassessment of the potential sea-level rise from a collapse of the West
Antarctic Ice Sheet, Science, 324, 901–903,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1169335, 2009.
Bell, R. E., Banwell, A. F., Trusel, L. D., and Kingslake, J.: Antarctic
surface hydrology and impacts on ice-sheet mass balance, Nat. Clim. Change,
8, 1044–1052, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0326-3, 2018.
Bowman, K. P.: An Introduction to Programming with IDL: Interactive Data
Language, Academic Press, 304 pp., ISBN-10: 012088559X, ISBN-13:
978-0120885596, 2005.
Bozkurt, D., Rondanelli, R., Marin, J. C., and Garreaud, R.: Foehn event
triggered by an atmospheric river underlies record-setting temperature along
continental Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 3871–3892,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027796, 2018.
Bromwich, D. H.: Satellite Analysis of Antarctic Katabatic Wind Behavior,
B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 70, 738–749,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1989)070<0738:SAOAKW>2.0.CO;2, 1989.
Copernicus: Copernicus Open Access Hub, Copernicus [data set], https://scihub.copernicus.eu/, last access: 10 October 2022.
Das, I., Bell, R. E., Scambos, T. A., Wolovick, M., Creyts, T. T.,
Studinger, M., Frearson, N., Nicolas, P., Lenaerts, J. T. M., and van den
Broeke, M.: Influence of persistent wind scour on the surface mass balance
of Antarctica, Nat. Geosci., 6, 367–371, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1766,
2013.
Datta, R. T., Tedesco, M., Fettweis, X., Agosta, C., Lhermitte, S.,
Lenaerts, J. T. M., and Wever, N.: The effect of Foehn-induced surface melt
on firn evolution over the northeast Antarctic peninsula, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 46, 3822–3831, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080845, 2019.
Dery, S. J. and Yau, M. K.: A Bulk Blowing Snow Model, Bound.-Lay.
Meteorol., 93, 237–251, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002065615856, 1999.
Dery, S. J. and Yau, M. K.: Large-scale mass balance effects of blowing snow
and surface sublimation, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4679,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001251, 2002.
De Rydt, J., Reese, R., Paolo, F. S., and Gudmundsson, G. H.: Drivers of Pine Island Glacier speed-up between 1996 and 2016, The Cryosphere, 15, 113–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-113-2021, 2021.
Dias da Silva, P. E., Hodges, K. I., and Coutinho, M. M.: How well does the
HadGEM2-ES coupled model represent the Southern Hemisphere storm tracks?,
Clim. Dynam., 56, 1145–1162, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05523-9, 2021.
Djoumna, G. and Holland, D. M.: Atmospheric rivers, warm air intrusions, and
surface radiation balance in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD034119, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034119, 2021.
Doelling, D. R., Loeb, N. G., Keyes, D. F., Nordeen, M. L., Morstad, D.,
Nguyen, C., Wielicki, B. A., Young, D. F., and Sun, M.: Geostationary
Enhanced Temporal Interpolation for CERES Flux Products, J. Atmos. Ocean
Technol., 30, 1072–1090, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00136.1, 2013.
Doelling, D. R., Sun, M., Nguyen, L. T., Nordeen, M. L., Haney, C. O.,
Keyes, D. F., and Mlynczak, P. E.: Advances in Geostationary-Derived Longwave
Fluxes for the CERES Synoptic (SYN1deg) Product, J. Atmos. Ocean Technol.,
33, 503–521, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0147.1, 2016.
Donat-Magnin, M., Jourdain, N. C., Kittel, C., Agosta, C., Amory, C., Gallée, H., Krinner, G., and Chekki, M.: Future surface mass balance and surface melt in the Amundsen sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, The Cryosphere, 15, 571–593, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-571-2021, 2021.
ECMWF: IF Documentation – Cy43r1 Operational Implementation 22 Nov 2016.
Part IV: Physical Processes, https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2016/17117-part-iv-physical-processes.pdf (last access: 26 October 2022),
2016.
Elvidge, A. D. and Renfrew, I. A.: The Causes of Foehn Warming in the Lee of
Mountains, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 455–466,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00194.1, 2016.
Elvidge, A. D., Renfrew, I. A., King, J. C., Orr, A., and Lachlan-Cope, T.
A.: Foehn warming distributions in nonlinear and linear flow regimes: a
focus on the Antarctic Peninsula, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 142, 618–631,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2489, 2016.
Elvidge, A. D., Kuipers Munneke, P., King, J. C., Renfrew, I. A., and
Gilbert, E.: Atmospheric drivers of melt on Larsen C Ice Shelf: Surface
energy budget regimes and the impact of foehn, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125,
e2020JD032463, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032463, 2020.
Favier, L., Durand, G., Cornford, S. L., Gudmundsson, G. H., Gagliardini,
O., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Zwinger, T., Payne, A. J., and Le Brocq, A. M.:
Retreat of Pine Island Glacier controlled by marine ice-sheet instability,
Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 117–121, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2094, 2014.
Feldmann, J., Levermann, A., and Mengel, M.: Stabilizing the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet by surface mass deposition, Sci. Adv., 5, eaaw4132,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw4132, 2019.
Fogt, R. L. and Marshall, G. J.: The Southern Annular Mode: Variability,
trends, and climate impacts across the Southern Hemisphere, WIREs Clim.
Change, 11, e625, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.652, 2020.
Fonseca, R., Francis, D., Aulicino, G., Mattingly, K. S., Fusco, G., and
Budillon, G.: Atmospheric controls on the Terra Nova Bay polynya occurrence
in Antarctica, Clim. Dynam.,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06845-0, 2023.
Francis, D., Mattingly, K. S., Temimi, M., Massom, R., and Heil, P.: On the
crucial role of atmospheric rivers in the two major Weddell Polynya events
in 1973 and 2017 Antarctica, Sci. Adv., 6, eabc2695,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc2695, 2020.
Francis, D., Mattingly, K. S., Lhermitte, S., Temimi, M., and Heil, P.: Atmospheric extremes caused high oceanward sea surface slope triggering the biggest calving event in more than 50 years at the Amery Ice Shelf, The Cryosphere, 15, 2147–2165, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2147-2021, 2021.
Francis, D., Fonseca, R., Mattingly, K. S., Marsh, O. J., Lhermitte, S., and
Cherif, C.: Atmospheric triggers of the Brunt Ice Shelf calving in February
2021, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD036424,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036424, 2022a.
Francis, D., Fonseca, R., Mattingly, K., Lhermitte, S., and Walker, C.: Foehn Winds at Pine Island Glacier and their role in Ice Shelf Sublimation and Surface Melt, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7707591, 2022b.
Gao, M., Kim, S.-J., Yang, J., Liu, J., Jiang, T., Su, B., Wang, Y., and
Huang, J.: Historical fidelity and future change of Amundsen Sea Low under
1.5 ∘C–4 ∘C global warming in CMIP6, Atmos.
Res., 255, 105533, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105533, 2021.
Gehring, J., Vignon, E., Billaut-Roux, A.-C., Ferrone, A., Protat, A.,
Alexander, S. P., and Berne, A.: Orographic flow influence on precipitation
during an atmospheric river event at Davis, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD035210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035210, 2022.
Ghiz, M. L., Scott, R. C., Vogelmann, A. M., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Lazzara, M., and Lubin, D.: Energetics of surface melt in West Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 15, 3459–3494, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3459-2021, 2021.
Gong, D. and Wang, S.: Definition of Antarctic oscillation index, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 26, 459–462, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900003, 1999.
Gonzalez, S., Vasallo, F., Sanz, P., Quesada, A., and Justel, A.:
Characterization of the summer surface mesoscale dynamics at Dome F,
Antarctica, Atmos. Res., 259, 105699,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105699, 2021.
Gossart, A., Helsen, S., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Vanden Broucke, S., van Lipzig,
N. P. M., and Souverijns, N.: An Evaluation of Surface Climatology in
State-of-the-Art Reanalyses over the Antarctic Ice Sheet, J. Climate, 32,
6899–6915, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0030.1, 2019.
Goyal, R., Jucker, M., Gupta, A. S., Hendon, H. H., and England, M. H.: Zonal
wave 3 pattern in the Southern Hemisphere generated by tropical convection,
Nat. Geosci., 14, 732–738, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00811-3, 2021.
Greene, C. A., Gardner, A. S., Schlegel, N.-J., and Fraser, A. D.: Antarctic
calving loss rivals ice-shelf thinning, Nature, 609, 948–953,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05037-w, 2022.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horanyi, A., Munoz
Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D.,
Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., and Thepaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on
pressure levels from 1959 to present, Copernicus Climate Change
Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set],
https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6, 2018a.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horanyi, A., Munoz
Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D.,
Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., and Thepaut, J.-N.: ERA5 hourly data on
single levels from 1959 to present, Copernicus Climate Change
Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) [data set],
https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47, 2018b.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Dahlgren, P., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., and Soci, C.: The ERA5 Global Reanalysis: achieving a detailed record of the climate and weather for the past 70 years., EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020, EGU2020-10375, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10375, 2020.
Hofsteenge, M. G., Cullen, N. J., Reijmer, C. H., van den Broeke, M., Katurji, M., and Orwin, J. F.: The surface energy balance during foehn events at Joyce Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 16, 5041–5059, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-5041-2022, 2022.
Holland, P. R., Feltham, D. L., and Jenkins, A.: Ice Shelf Water plume flow
beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C05044,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003915, 2007.
Hosking, J. S., Orr, A., Bracegirdle, T. J., and Turner, J.: Future
circulation changes off West Antarctica: Sensitivity of the Amundsen Sea Low
to projected anthropogenic forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 367–376,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067143, 2016.
Hoskins, B. J. and Karoly, D. J.: The Steady Linear Response of a Spherical
Atmosphere to Thermal and Orographic Forcing, J. Atmos. Sci., 38,
1179–1996, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<1179:TSLROA>2.0.CO;2, 1981.
Hunter, J. D.: Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment, Comput. Sci.
Eng. [code], 9, 90–95, https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55, 2007.
Jenkins, A., Dutrieux, P., Jacobs, S. S., McPhail, S. D., Perrett, J. R.,
Webb, A. T., and White, D.: Observations beneath Pine Island Glacier in West
Antarctica and implications for its retreat, Nat. Geosci., 3, 468–472,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo890, 2010.
Joughin, I., Shapero, D., Smith, B., Dutrieux, P., and Barham, M.: Ice-shelf
retreat drives recent Pine Island Glacier speedup, Sci. Adv., 7, eabg3080,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg3080, 2021.
Kaufman, Y. J., Tanre, D., Rmer, L. A., Vermote, E. F., Chu, A., and Holben,
B. N.: Operational remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol over land from EOS
moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer. J. Geophys. Res., 192,
17051–17067, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03988, 1997.
Kirchgaessner, A., King, J. C., and Anderson, P. S.: The impact of Fohn
conditions across the Antarctic Peninsula on local meteorology based on AWS
measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033748,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033748, 2021.
Konrad, H., Hogg, A., Mulvaney, R., Arthern, R., Tuckwell, R., Medley, B.,
and Shepherd, A.: Observations of surface mass balance on Pine Island
Glacier, West Antarctica, and the effect of strain history in fast-flowing
sections, J. Glaciol., 65, 595–604, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.36,
2019.
Kowalewski, S., Helm, V., Morris, E. M., and Eisen, O.: The regional-scale surface mass balance of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, over the period 2005–2014, derived from airborne radar soundings and neutron probe measurements, The Cryosphere, 15, 1285–1305, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1285-2021, 2021.
Laffin, M. K., Zender, C. S., Singh, S., Van Wessem, J. M., Smeets, C. J. P.
P., and Reijmer, C. H.: Climatology and evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula
fohn wind-induced melt regime from 1979–2018, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126,
e2020JD033682, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033682, 2021.
Lazzara, M.: Antarctic Meteorological Research Center & Automatic Weather
Stations Project, Antarctic Meteorological Research Center & Automatic Weather Stations Project [data set], http://amrc.ssec.wisc.edu/, last access: 6 November 2022.
Lestari, R. K. and Koh, T.-Y.: Statistical Evidence for Asymmetry in
ENSO-IOD Interactions, Atmos.-Ocean, 54, 498–504,
https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2016.1211084, 2016.
Lhermitte, S., Sun, S., Shuman, C., Wouters, B., Pattyn, F., Wuite, J.,
Berthier, E., and Nagler, T.: Damage accelerates ice shelf instability and
mass loss in Amundsen Sea Embayment, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117,
24735–24741, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912890117, 2021.
Li, S., Liao, J., and Zhang, L.: Extraction and analysis of elevation changes
in Antarctic ice sheet from CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 radar altimeters, J.
Appl. Remote Sens., 16, 034514, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.16.034514,
2022.
Liu, S., Su, S., Cheng, Y., Tong, X., and Li, R.: Long-Term Monitoring and
Change Analysis of Pine Island Ice Shelf Based on Multi-Source Satellite
Observations during 1973–2020, J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 10, 976,
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070976, 2022.
MacDonald, M. K., Pomeroy, J. W., and Essery, R. L. H.: Water and energy
fluxes over northern prairies as affected by chinook winds and winter
precipitation, Agric. For. Meteorol., 248, 372–385,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.025, 2018.
Marshall, G. J.: Trends in the Southern Annular Mode from observations and
reanalyses, J. Climate, 16, 4134–4143,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<4134:TITSAM>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Massom, R. A., Scambos, T. A., Bennetts, L. K., Reid, P., Squire, V. A., and
Stammerjohn, S. E.: Antarctic ice shelf disintegration triggered by sea ice
loss and ocean swell, Nature, 558, 383–389,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0212-1, 2018.
Mclennan, M. L. and Lenaerts, J. T. M.: Large-scale atmospheric drivers of
snowfall over Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48,
e2021GL093644, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093644, 2021.
Met Office: Cartopy: a cartographic python library with a Matplotlib
interface, Met Office [data set], https://scitools.org.uk/cartopy (last access: 29 June 2022), 2014.
Miles, B. W. J., Stokes, C. R., and Jamieson, S. S. R.: Simultaneous disintegration of outlet glaciers in Porpoise Bay (Wilkes Land), East Antarctica, driven by sea ice break-up, The Cryosphere, 11, 427–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-427-2017, 2017.
Moncada, J. M. and Holland, D. M.: Automatic Weather Station Pine Island
Glacier, United States Antarctic Program (USAP) Data Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.15784/601216, 2019.
Montesi, J., Elder, K., Schmidt, R. A., and David, R. E.: Sublimation of
Intercepted Snow within a Subalpine Forest Canopy at Two Elevations, J.
Hydrometeorol., 5, 763–773,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0763:SOISWA>2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Mottram, R., Hansen, N., Kittel, C., van Wessem, J. M., Agosta, C., Amory, C., Boberg, F., van de Berg, W. J., Fettweis, X., Gossart, A., van Lipzig, N. P. M., van Meijgaard, E., Orr, A., Phillips, T., Webster, S., Simonsen, S. B., and Souverijns, N.: What is the surface mass balance of Antarctica? An intercomparison of regional climate model estimates, The Cryosphere, 15, 3751–3784, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3751-2021, 2021.
Mouginot, J., Scheuchl, B., and Rignot, E.: MEaSUREs Antarctic Boundaries for
IPY 2007–2009 from Satellite Radar, Version 2, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive
Center, Boulder, Colorado, USA [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/AXE4121732AD,
2017a.
Mouginot, J., Rignot, E., Scheuchl, B., and Millan, R.: Comprehensive Annual Ice Sheet Velocity Mapping Using Landsat-8, Sentinel-1, and RADARSAT-2 Data, Remote Sens., 9, 364, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040364, 2017b.
Moussavi, M. S., Abdalati, W., Pope, A., Scambos, T., Tedesco, M.,
MacFerrin, M., and Grigsby, S.: Derivation and validation of supraglacial
lake volumes on the Greenland Ice Sheet from high-resolution satellite
imagery, Remote Sens. Environ., 183, 294–303,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.05.024, 2016.
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)/LARC(Langley
Research Center)/SD(Science Division)/ASDC (Atmospheric Data Center):
CERES and GEO-Enhanced TOA, Within-Atmosphere and Surface Fluxes, Clouds and
Aerosols 1-Hourly Terra-Aqua Edition4A, NASA Langley Atmospheric
Science Data Center DAAC [data set],
https://doi.org/10.5067/TERRA+AQUA/CERES/SYN1DEG-1HOUR_L3.004A, 2017.
Nilsson, J., Gardner, A. S., and Paolo, F. S.: Elevation change of the Antarctic Ice Sheet: 1985 to 2020, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3573–3598, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3573-2022, 2022.
Orr, A., Deb, P., Clem, K. R., Gilbert, E., Bromwich, D. H., Boberg, F.,
Colwell, S., Hansen, N., Lazzara, M. A., Mooney, P. A., Mottram, R., Niwano,
M., Phillips, T., Pishniak, D., Reijmer, C. H., van de Berg, W. J., Webster,
S., and Zuo, X.: Characteristics of surface “melt potential” over Antarctic
ice shelves based on regional atmospheric model simulations of summer air
temperature extremes from 1979/80 to 2018/19, J. Climate, 36, 3357–3383,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0386.1, 2022.
Pohl, B., Fauchereau, N., Reason, C. J. C., and Rouault, M.: Relationships
between the Antarctic Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, and ENSO,
and Consequences for Rainfall Analysis, J. Climate, 23, 238–254,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2443.1, 2010.
Ponti, S., Scipionotti, R., Pierattini, S., and Guglielmin, M.: The
Spatio-Temporal Variability of Frost Blisters in a Perennial Frozen Lake
along the Antarctic Coast as Indicator of the Goundwater Supply, Remote
Sens., 13, 435, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030435, 2021.
Pradhananga, D. and Pomeroy, J. W.: Diagnosing changes in glacier hydrology
from physical principles using a hydrological model with snow
redistribution, sublimation, firnification and energy balance ablation
algorithms, J. Hydrol., 608, 127545,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127545, 2022.
Quintanar, A. I. and Mechoso, C. R.: Quasi-Stationary Waves in the Southern
Hemisphere. Part I: Observational Data, J. Climate, 8, 2659–2672,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2659:QSWITS>2.0.CO;2, 1995a.
Quintanar, A. I. and Mechoso, C. R.: Quasi-Stationary Waves in the Southern
Hemisphere. Part II: Generation Mechanisms, J. Climate, 8, 2673–2690,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<2673:QSWITS>2.0.CO;2, 1995b.
Raphael, M. N., Marshall, G. J., Turner, J., Fogt, R. L., Schneider, D.,
Dixon, D. A., Hosking, J. S., Jones, J. M., and Hobbs, W. R.: The Amundsen
Sea Low: Variability, Change, and Impact on Antarctic Climate, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 111–121, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00018.1,
2016.
Reijmer, C., Greuell, W., and Oerlemans, J.: The annual cycle of
meteorological variables and the surface energy balance on Berkner Island,
Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 29, 49–54,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821166, 1999.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: MEaSUREs InSAR-Based Antarctica
Ice Velocity Map, Version 2, National
Aeronautics and Space Administration National Snow and Ice Data Center
Distributed Active Archive Center, Boulder, Colorado USA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.5067/D7GK8F5J8M8R, 2017.
Rintoul, S. R., Silvano, A., Pena-Molino, B., Wijk, E. V., Rosenberg, M.,
Geenbaum, J. E., and Blankenship, D.: Ocean heat drives rapid basal melt of
the Totten Ice Shelf, Sci. Adv., 2, e1601610, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601610,
2016.
Rogers, R. R. and Yau, M. K.: A Short Course in Cloud Physics, 3rd edn.,
Pergamon, New York, 293 pp., Paperback ISBN 9780750632157, eBook ISBN 9780080570945 1989.
Rosier, S. H. R., Reese, R., Donges, J. F., De Rydt, J., Gudmundsson, G. H., and Winkelmann, R.: The tipping points and early warning indicators for Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 15, 1501–1516, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1501-2021, 2021.
Rousseeux, P. J.: Silhouettes: A graphical aid to the interpretation and
validation of cluster analysis, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 20, 53–65,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0427(87)90125-7, 1987.
Scarchilli, C., Frezzotti, M., Grigioni, P., De Silvestri, L., Agnoletto,
L., and Dolci, S.: Extraordinary blowing snow transport events in East
Antarctica, Clim. Dynam., 34, 1195–1206,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0601-0, 2010.
Silber, I., Verlinde, J., Wang, S.-H., Bromwich, D. H., Fridlind, A. M.,
Cadeddu, M., Eloranta, E. W., and Flynn, C. J.: Cloud Influence on ERA5 and
AMPS Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation Biases in West Antarctica, J. Climate, 32, 7935–7949, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0149.1, 2019.
Simmonds, I., Keay, K., and Lim, E.-P.: Synoptic Activity in the Seas around
Antarctica, Mon. Weather Rev., 131, 272–288,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0272:SAITSA>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Smith, B., Fricker, H. A., Gardner, A. S., Medley, B., Nilsson, J., Paolo,
F. S., Holschuh, N., Adusumilli, S., Brunt, K., Csatho, B., Harbeck, K.,
Markus, T., Neumann, T., Siegfried, M. R., and Zwally, H. J.: Pervasive ice
sheet mass loss reflects competing ocean and atmosphere processes, Science,
368, 1239–1242, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5845, 2020.
Speirs, J. C., McGowan, H. A., Steinhoff, D. F., and Bromwich, D. H.:
Regional climate variability driven by foehn winds in the McMurdo Dry
Valleys, Antarctica, Int. J. Climatol., 33, 945–958,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3481, 2013.
Stanton, T. P., Shaw, W. J., Truffer, M., Corr, H. F. J., Peters, L. E.,
Riverman, K. L., Bindschadler, R., Holland, D. M., and Anandakrishnan, S.:
Channelized Ice Melting in the Ocean Boundary Layer Beneath Pine Island
Glacier, Antarctica, Science, 341, 1236–1239,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1239373, 2013.
Steinley, D.: K-means clustering: A half-century synthesis, Br. J. Stat.
Psychol., 59, 1–34, https://doi.org/10.1348/000711005X48266, 2006.
Stigter, E. E., Litt, M., Steiner, J. F., Bonekamp, P. N. J., Shea, J. M.,
Bierkens, M. F. P., and Immerzeel, W. W.: The Importance of Snow Sublimation
on a Himalayan Glacier, Front. Earth. Sci., 6, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00108, 2018.
The IMBIE Team: Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017,
Nature, 558, 219–222, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0179-y, 2018.
van den Broeke, M. R.: Spatial and temporal variation of sublimation on
Antarctica: Results of a high-resolution general circulation model, J.
Geophys. Res., 102, 29765–29777, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01862, 1997.
Vermote, E.: MOD09CMG MODIS Surface Reflectance Daily L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG, NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/mod09cmg.006, 2015a.
Vermote, E.: MYD09CMG MODIS Surface Reflectance Daily L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG, NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/myd09cmg.006, 2015b.
Webber, B. G. M., Heywood, K. J., Stevens, D. P., Dutrieux, P., Abrahamsen,
E. P., Jenkins, A., Jacobs, S. S., Ha, H. K., Lee, S. H., and Kim, T. W.:
Mechanisms driving variability in the ocean forcing of Pine Island Glacier,
Nat. Commun., 8, 14507, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14507,
2017.
Wiesenekker, J. M., Munneke, P. K., Van den Broeke, M. R., and Smeets, C. J.
P. P.: A Multidecadal Analysis of Fohn Winds over Larsen C Ice Shelf from a
Combination of Observations and Modeling, Atmosphere, 9, 172, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9050172, 2018.
Willie, J. D., Favier, V., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Agosta, C., Kittel, C.,
Beeman, J. C., Jourdain, N. C., Lenaerts, J. T. M., and Codron, F.: Antarctic
atmospheric river climatology and precipitation impacts, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD033788, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033788, 2021.
Wingham, D. J., Wallis, D. W., and Shepherd, A.: Spatial and temporal
evolution of Pine Island Glacier thinning, 1995–2006, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
36, L17501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039126, 2009.
Yuan, X.: ENSO-related impacts on Antarctic sea ice: a synthesis of
phenomenon and mechanisms, Antarct. Sci., 16, 415–425, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102004002238, 2004.
Zhang, X., Wu, B., and Ding, S.: Combined effects of La Nina events and
Arctic tropospheric warming on the winter North Pacific storm track, Clim. Dynam., 60, 1351–1368, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06389-9, 2022.
Zheng, M. and Li, X.: Distinct patterns of monthly Southern Annular Mode
events, Atmos. Ocean Sci. Lett., 15, 100206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aosl.2022.100206, 2022.
Zou, X., Bromwich, D. H., Nicholas, J. P., Montenegro, A., and Wang, S.-H.:
West Antarctic surface melt event of January 2016 facilitated by fohn
warming, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 145, 687–784, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3460, 2019.
Zou, X., Bromwich, D. H., Montenegro, A., Wang, S.-H., and Bai, L.: Major
surface melting over the Ross Ice Shelf part I: Foehn effect, Q. J. Roy.
Meteor. Soc., 147, 2874–2894, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4104, 2021a.
Zou, X., Bromwich, D. H., Montenegro, A., Wang, S.-H., and Bai, L.: Major
surface melting over the Ross Ice Shelf part II: Surface energy balance, Q.
J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 147, 2895–2916, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4105, 2021b.
Short summary
Role of Foehn Winds in ice and snow conditions at the Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica.
Role of Foehn Winds in ice and snow conditions at the Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica.
