Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
24 Jun 2022
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 24 Jun 2022
| 24 Jun 2022
Impact of freshwater runoff from the southwest Greenland Ice Sheet on fjord productivity since the late 19th century
Mimmi Oksman
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Anna Bang Kvorning
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Signe Hillerup Larsen
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Kenneth David Mankoff
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
William Colgan
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Thorbjørn Joest Andersen
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University
of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Niels Nørgaard-Pedersen
Department of Marine Geology, Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimate Group, Arctic Research Centre and
iClimate centre, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University,
Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Naja Mikkelsen
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Sofia Ribeiro
Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Related authors
Niels J. Korsgaard, Kristian Svennevig, Anne S. Søndergaard, Gregor Luetzenburg, Mimmi Oksman, and Nicolaj K. Larsen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 757–772, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A tsunami wave will leave evidence of erosion and deposition in coastal lakes, making it possible to determine the runup height and when it occurred. Here, we use four lakes now located at elevations of 19–91 m a.s.l. close to the settlement of Saqqaq, West Greenland, to show that at least two giant tsunamis occurred 7300–7600 years ago with runup heights larger than 40 m. We infer that any tsunamis from at least nine giga-scale landslides must have happened 8500–10 000 years ago.
Shfaqat A. Khan, Helene Seroussi, Mathieu Morlighem, William Colgan, Veit Helm, Gong Cheng, Danjal Berg, Valentina R. Barletta, Nicolaj K. Larsen, William Kochtitzky, Michiel van den Broeke, Kurt H. Kjær, Andy Aschwanden, Brice Noël, Jason E. Box, Joseph A. MacGregor, Robert S. Fausto, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Ian M. Howat, Kuba Oniszk, Dominik Fahrner, Anja Løkkegaard, Eigil Y. H. Lippert, and Javed Hassan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-348, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-348, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The surface elevation of the Greenland Ice Sheet is changing due to surface mass balance processes and ice dynamics, each exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal patterns. Here, we employ satellite and airborne altimetry data with fine spatial (1 km) and temporal (monthly) resolutions to document this spatiotemporal evolution from 2003 to 2023. This dataset of fine-resolution altimetry data in both space and time will support studies of ice mass loss and useful for GIS ice sheet modelling.
Signe Hillerup Larsen, Daniel Binder, Anja Rutishauser, Bernhard Hynek, Robert Schjøtt Fausto, and Michele Citterio
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4103–4118, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4103-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4103-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring programme has been running since 1995. In 2008, the Glaciological monitoring sub-program GlacioBasis was initiated at the Zackenberg site in northeast Greenland, with a transect of three weather stations on the A. P. Olsen Ice Cap. In 2022, the weather stations were replaced with a more standardized set up. Here, we provide the reprocessed and quality-checked data from 2008 to 2022, i.e., the first 15 years of continued monitoring.
Joanna Davies, Kirsten Fahl, Matthias Moros, Alice Carter-Champion, Henrieka Detlef, Ruediger Stein, Christof Pearce, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
The Cryosphere, 18, 3415–3431, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we evaluate the use of biomarkers for reconstructing sea ice between 1880 and 2017 from three sediment cores located in a transect across the Northeast Greenland continental shelf. We find that key changes, specifically the decline in sea-ice cover identified in observational records between 1971 and 1984, align with our biomarker reconstructions. This outcome supports the use of biomarkers for longer reconstructions of sea-ice cover in this region.
Lara F. Pérez, Paul C. Knutz, John R. Hopper, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Matt O'Regan, and Stephen Jones
Sci. Dril., 33, 33–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-33-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-33-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland ice sheet is highly sensitive to global warming and a major contributor to sea level rise. In Northeast Greenland, ice–ocean–tectonic interactions are readily observable today, but geological records that illuminate long-term trends are lacking. NorthGreen aims to promote scientific drilling proposals to resolve key scientific questions on past changes in the Northeast Greenland margin that further affected the broader Earth system.
Niels J. Korsgaard, Kristian Svennevig, Anne S. Søndergaard, Gregor Luetzenburg, Mimmi Oksman, and Nicolaj K. Larsen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 757–772, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A tsunami wave will leave evidence of erosion and deposition in coastal lakes, making it possible to determine the runup height and when it occurred. Here, we use four lakes now located at elevations of 19–91 m a.s.l. close to the settlement of Saqqaq, West Greenland, to show that at least two giant tsunamis occurred 7300–7600 years ago with runup heights larger than 40 m. We infer that any tsunamis from at least nine giga-scale landslides must have happened 8500–10 000 years ago.
Tong Zhang, William Colgan, Agnes Wansing, Anja Løkkegaard, Gunter Leguy, William H. Lipscomb, and Cunde Xiao
The Cryosphere, 18, 387–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The geothermal heat flux determines how much heat enters from beneath the ice sheet, and thus impacts the temperature and the flow of the ice sheet. In this study we investigate how much geothermal heat flux impacts the initialization of the Greenland ice sheet. We use the Community Ice Sheet Model with two different initialization methods. We find a non-trivial influence of the choice of heat flow boundary conditions on the ice sheet initializations for further designs of ice sheet modeling.
Dominik Fahrner, Donald Slater, Aman KC, Claudia Cenedese, David A. Sutherland, Ellyn Enderlin, Femke de Jong, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Michael Wood, Peter Nienow, Sophie Nowicki, and Till Wagner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-411, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-411, 2023
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Marine-terminating glaciers can lose mass through frontal ablation, which comprises submarine and surface melting, and iceberg calving. We estimate frontal ablation for 49 marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland by combining existing, satellite derived data and calculating volume change near the glacier front over time. The dataset offers exciting opportunities to study the influence of climate forcings on marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland over multi-decadal timescales.
Baptiste Vandecrux, Jason E. Box, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe B. Andersen, Nicolas Bayou, William T. Colgan, Nicolas J. Cullen, Robert S. Fausto, Dominik Haas-Artho, Achim Heilig, Derek A. Houtz, Penelope How, Ionut Iosifescu Enescu, Nanna B. Karlsson, Rebecca Kurup Buchholz, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Daniel McGrath, Noah P. Molotch, Bianca Perren, Maiken K. Revheim, Anja Rutishauser, Kevin Sampson, Martin Schneebeli, Sandy Starkweather, Simon Steffen, Jeff Weber, Patrick J. Wright, Henry Jay Zwally, and Konrad Steffen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5467–5489, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5467-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5467-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net) comprises stations that have been monitoring the weather on the Greenland Ice Sheet for over 30 years. These stations are being replaced by newer ones maintained by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). The historical data were reprocessed to improve their quality, and key information about the weather stations has been compiled. This augmented dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/VVXGUT (Steffen et al., 2022).
Bernhard Hynek, Daniel Binder, Michele Citterio, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Jakob Abermann, Geert Verhoeven, Elke Ludewig, and Wolfgang Schöner
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-157, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2023-157, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for TC
Short summary
Short summary
A strong avalanche event in winter 2018 caused thick snow deposits on Freya Glacier, a mountain glacier in Northeast Greenland. The avalanche deposits led to positive elevation changes during the study period 2013–2021 and altered the mass balance of the glacier significantly. The eight year mass balance was positive, it would have been negative without avalanches. The contribution from snow avalanches might become more important with rising temperatures in the Arctic.
Anja Løkkegaard, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Christian Zdanowicz, Gary D. Clow, Martin P. Lüthi, Samuel H. Doyle, Henrik H. Thomsen, David Fisher, Joel Harper, Andy Aschwanden, Bo M. Vinther, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Harry Zekollari, Toby Meierbachtol, Ian McDowell, Neil Humphrey, Anne Solgaard, Nanna B. Karlsson, Shfaqat A. Khan, Benjamin Hills, Robert Law, Bryn Hubbard, Poul Christoffersen, Mylène Jacquemart, Julien Seguinot, Robert S. Fausto, and William T. Colgan
The Cryosphere, 17, 3829–3845, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3829-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3829-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a database compiling 95 ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps. Ice viscosity and hence ice flow are highly sensitive to ice temperature. To highlight the value of the database in evaluating ice flow simulations, profiles from the Greenland ice sheet are compared to a modeled temperature field. Reoccurring discrepancies between modeled and observed temperatures provide insight on the difficulties faced when simulating ice temperatures.
Sonika Shahi, Jakob Abermann, Tiago Silva, Kirsty Langley, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Mikhail Mastepanov, and Wolfgang Schöner
Weather Clim. Dynam., 4, 747–771, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-747-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-747-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study highlights how the sea ice variability in the Greenland Sea affects the terrestrial climate and the surface mass changes of peripheral glaciers of the Zackenberg region (ZR), Northeast Greenland, combining model output and observations. Our results show that the temporal evolution of sea ice influences the climate anomaly magnitude in the ZR. We also found that the changing temperature and precipitation patterns due to sea ice variability can affect the surface mass of the ice cap.
Sarah A. Woodroffe, Leanne M. Wake, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Natasha L. M. Barlow, Antony J. Long, and Kurt H. Kjær
Clim. Past, 19, 1585–1606, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Salt marsh in SE Greenland records sea level changes over the past 300 years in sediments and microfossils. The pattern is rising sea level until ~ 1880 CE and sea level fall since. This disagrees with modelled sea level, which overpredicts sea level fall by at least 0.5 m. This is the same even when reducing the overall amount of Greenland ice sheet melt and allowing for more time. Fitting the model to the data leaves ~ 3 mm yr−1 of unexplained sea level rise in SE Greenland since ~ 1880 CE.
William Colgan, Christopher Shields, Pavel Talalay, Xiaopeng Fan, Austin P. Lines, Joshua Elliott, Harihar Rajaram, Kenneth Mankoff, Morten Jensen, Mira Backes, Yunchen Liu, Xianzhe Wei, Nanna B. Karlsson, Henrik Spanggård, and Allan Ø. Pedersen
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 12, 121–140, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-121-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-121-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a new drill for glaciers and ice sheets. Instead of drilling down into the ice, via mechanical action, our drill melts into the ice. Our goal is simply to pull a cable of temperature sensors on a one-way trip down to the ice–bed interface. Here, we describe the design and testing of our drill. Under laboratory conditions, our melt-tip drill has an efficiency of ∼ 35 % with a theoretical maximum penetration rate of ∼ 12 m h−1. Under field conditions, our efficiency is just ∼ 15 %.
Mai Winstrup, Heidi Ranndal, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Sebastian Bjerregaard Simonsen, Kenneth David Mankoff, Robert Schjøtt Fausto, and Louise Sandberg Sørensen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-224, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-224, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Surface topography across the marginal zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet is constantly evolving. We here present four 500-meter resolution annual (2019–2022) summer DEMs (PRODEMs) of the Greenland ice sheet marginal zone, capturing all outlet glaciers of the ice sheet. The PRODEMs are based on fusion of CryoSat-2 radar altimetry and ICESat-2 laser altimetry. With their high spatial and temporal resolution, the PRODEMs will enable detailed studies of the changes in marginal ice sheet elevations.
Alistair J. Monteath, Matthew S. M. Bolton, Jordan Harvey, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Christof Pearce, and Britta Jensen
Geochronology, 5, 229–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately dating ocean cores is challenging because the radiocarbon age of water masses varies substantially. We identify ash fragments from eruptions more than 4000 km from their source and use these time markers to develop a new age–depth model for an ocean core in Placentia Bay, North Atlantic. Our results show that the radiocarbon age of waters masses in the bay varied considerably during the last 10 000 years and highlight the potential of using ultra-distal ash deposits in this region.
Inès N. Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Erik R. Ivins, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Charles Amory, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Martin Horwath, Ian Joughin, Michalea D. King, Gerhard Krinner, Sophie Nowicki, Anthony J. Payne, Eric Rignot, Ted Scambos, Karen M. Simon, Benjamin E. Smith, Louise S. Sørensen, Isabella Velicogna, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Geruo A, Cécile Agosta, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Alejandro Blazquez, William Colgan, Marcus E. Engdahl, Xavier Fettweis, Rene Forsberg, Hubert Gallée, Alex Gardner, Lin Gilbert, Noel Gourmelen, Andreas Groh, Brian C. Gunter, Christopher Harig, Veit Helm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Christoph Kittel, Hannes Konrad, Peter L. Langen, Benoit S. Lecavalier, Chia-Chun Liang, Bryant D. Loomis, Malcolm McMillan, Daniele Melini, Sebastian H. Mernild, Ruth Mottram, Jeremie Mouginot, Johan Nilsson, Brice Noël, Mark E. Pattle, William R. Peltier, Nadege Pie, Mònica Roca, Ingo Sasgen, Himanshu V. Save, Ki-Weon Seo, Bernd Scheuchl, Ernst J. O. Schrama, Ludwig Schröder, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Slater, Giorgio Spada, Tyler C. Sutterley, Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma, Jan Melchior van Wessem, David Wiese, Wouter van der Wal, and Bert Wouters
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
By measuring changes in the volume, gravitational attraction, and ice flow of Greenland and Antarctica from space, we can monitor their mass gain and loss over time. Here, we present a new record of the Earth’s polar ice sheet mass balance produced by aggregating 50 satellite-based estimates of ice sheet mass change. This new assessment shows that the ice sheets have lost (7.5 x 1012) t of ice between 1992 and 2020, contributing 21 mm to sea level rise.
Eva Friis Møller, Asbjørn Christensen, Janus Larsen, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Mads Hvid Ribergaard, Mikael Sejr, Philip Wallhead, and Marie Maar
Ocean Sci., 19, 403–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Melt from the Greenland ice sheet and sea ice both influence light and nutrient availability in the Arctic coastal ocean. We use a 3D coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model to evaluate the relative importance of these processes for timing, distribution, and magnitude of phytoplankton production in Disko Bay, west Greenland. Our study indicates that decreasing sea ice and more freshwater discharge can work synergistically and increase primary productivity of the coastal ocean around Greenland.
Mads Dømgaard, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Flora Huiban, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Shfaqat A. Khan, and Anders A. Bjørk
The Cryosphere, 17, 1373–1387, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1373-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1373-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sudden releases of meltwater from glacier-dammed lakes can influence ice flow, cause flooding hazards and landscape changes. This study presents a record of 14 drainages from 2007–2021 from a lake in west Greenland. The time series reveals how the lake fluctuates between releasing large and small amounts of drainage water which is caused by a weakening of the damming glacier following the large events. We also find a shift in the water drainage route which increases the risk of flooding hazards.
Joseph A. MacGregor, Winnie Chu, William T. Colgan, Mark A. Fahnestock, Denis Felikson, Nanna B. Karlsson, Sophie M. J. Nowicki, and Michael Studinger
The Cryosphere, 16, 3033–3049, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3033-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3033-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Where the bottom of the Greenland Ice Sheet is frozen and where it is thawed is not well known, yet knowing this state is increasingly important to interpret modern changes in ice flow there. We produced a second synthesis of knowledge of the basal thermal state of the ice sheet using airborne and satellite observations and numerical models. About one-third of the ice sheet’s bed is likely thawed; two-fifths is likely frozen; and the remainder is too uncertain to specify.
William Colgan, Agnes Wansing, Kenneth Mankoff, Mareen Lösing, John Hopper, Keith Louden, Jörg Ebbing, Flemming G. Christiansen, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, Lillemor Claesson Liljedahl, Joseph A. MacGregor, Árni Hjartarson, Stefan Bernstein, Nanna B. Karlsson, Sven Fuchs, Juha Hartikainen, Johan Liakka, Robert S. Fausto, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Anders Bjørk, Jens-Ove Naslund, Finn Mørk, Yasmina Martos, Niels Balling, Thomas Funck, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Dorthe Petersen, Ulrik Gregersen, Gregers Dam, Tove Nielsen, Shfaqat A. Khan, and Anja Løkkegaard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2209–2238, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We assemble all available geothermal heat flow measurements collected in and around Greenland into a new database. We use this database of point measurements, in combination with other geophysical datasets, to model geothermal heat flow in and around Greenland. Our geothermal heat flow model is generally cooler than previous models of Greenland, especially in southern Greenland. It does not suggest any high geothermal heat flows resulting from Icelandic plume activity over 50 million years ago.
Teodora Pados-Dibattista, Christof Pearce, Henrieka Detlef, Jørgen Bendtsen, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
Clim. Past, 18, 103–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-103-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-103-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out foraminiferal, stable isotope, and sedimentological analyses of a marine sediment core retrieved from the Northeast Greenland shelf. This region is highly sensitive to climate variability because it is swept by the East Greenland Current, which is the main pathway for sea ice and cold waters that exit the Arctic Ocean. The palaeoceanographic reconstruction reveals significant variations in the water masses and in the strength of the East Greenland Current over the last 9400 years.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Xavier Fettweis, Peter L. Langen, Martin Stendel, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Nanna B. Karlsson, Brice Noël, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Anne Solgaard, William Colgan, Jason E. Box, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Michalea D. King, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe Bech Andersen, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5001–5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the daily mass balance and its components (surface, marine, and basal mass balance) for the Greenland ice sheet. Our time series begins in 1840 and has annual resolution through 1985 and then daily from 1986 through next week. Results are operational (updated daily) and provided for the entire ice sheet or by commonly used regions or sectors. This is the first input–output mass balance estimate to include the basal mass balance.
Robert S. Fausto, Dirk van As, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Baptiste Vandecrux, Michele Citterio, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe B. Andersen, William Colgan, Nanna B. Karlsson, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Niels J. Korsgaard, Signe H. Larsen, Søren Nielsen, Allan Ø. Pedersen, Christopher L. Shields, Anne M. Solgaard, and Jason E. Box
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3819–3845, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3819-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3819-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) has been measuring climate and ice sheet properties since 2007. Here, we present our data product from weather and ice sheet measurements from a network of automatic weather stations mainly located in the melt area of the ice sheet. Currently the PROMICE automatic weather station network includes 25 instrumented sites in Greenland.
Anne Solgaard, Anders Kusk, John Peter Merryman Boncori, Jørgen Dall, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Signe B. Andersen, Michele Citterio, Nanna B. Karlsson, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Niels J. Korsgaard, Signe H. Larsen, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3491–3512, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3491-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The PROMICE Ice Velocity product is a time series of Greenland Ice Sheet ice velocity mosaics spanning September 2016 to present. It is derived from Sentinel-1 SAR data and has a spatial resolution of 500 m. Each mosaic spans 24 d (two Sentinel-1 cycles), and a new one is posted every 12 d (every Sentinel-1A cycle). The spatial comprehensiveness and temporal consistency make the product ideal for monitoring and studying ice-sheet-wide ice discharge and dynamics of glaciers.
Alix G. Cage, Anna J. Pieńkowski, Anne Jennings, Karen Luise Knudsen, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 37–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-37-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-37-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Morphologically similar benthic foraminifera taxa are difficult to separate, resulting in incorrect identifications, complications understanding species-specific ecological preferences, and flawed reconstructions of past environments. Here we provide descriptions and illustrated guidelines on how to separate some key Arctic–North Atlantic species to circumvent taxonomic confusion, improve understanding of ecological affinities, and work towards more accurate palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Brice Noël, Xavier Fettweis, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, William Colgan, Ken Kondo, Kirsty Langley, Shin Sugiyama, Dirk van As, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2811–2841, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work partitions regional climate model (RCM) runoff from the MAR and RACMO RCMs to hydrologic outlets at the ice margin and coast. Temporal resolution is daily from 1959 through 2019. Spatial grid is ~ 100 m, resolving individual streams. In addition to discharge at outlets, we also provide the streams, outlets, and basin geospatial data, as well as a script to query and access the geospatial or time series discharge data from the data files.
Katrine Elnegaard Hansen, Jacques Giraudeau, Lukas Wacker, Christof Pearce, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
Clim. Past, 16, 1075–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1075-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1075-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present RainNet, a deep convolutional neural network for radar-based precipitation nowcasting, which was trained to predict continuous precipitation intensities at a lead time of 5 min. RainNet significantly outperformed the benchmark models at all lead times up to 60 min. Yet an undesirable property of RainNet predictions is the level of spatial smoothing. Obviously, RainNet learned an optimal level of smoothing to produce a nowcast at 5 min lead time.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, Anne Solgaard, William Colgan, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1367–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have produced an open and reproducible estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 to 2020. Our results show three modes at the the total ice sheet scale: steady discharge from 1986 through 2000, increasing discharge from 2000 through 2005, and steady discharge from 2005 through 2019. The behavior of individual sectors and glaciers is more complicated. This work was done to provide a 100 % reproducible estimate to help constrain mass balance and sea-level-rise estimates.
Mark J. Hopwood, Dustin Carroll, Thorben Dunse, Andy Hodson, Johnna M. Holding, José L. Iriarte, Sofia Ribeiro, Eric P. Achterberg, Carolina Cantoni, Daniel F. Carlson, Melissa Chierici, Jennifer S. Clarke, Stefano Cozzi, Agneta Fransson, Thomas Juul-Pedersen, Mie H. S. Winding, and Lorenz Meire
The Cryosphere, 14, 1347–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1347-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1347-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here we compare and contrast results from five well-studied Arctic field sites in order to understand how glaciers affect marine biogeochemistry and marine primary production. The key questions are listed as follows. Where and when does glacial freshwater discharge promote or reduce marine primary production? How does spatio-temporal variability in glacial discharge affect marine primary production? And how far-reaching are the effects of glacial discharge on marine biogeochemistry?
Flor Vermassen, Nanna Andreasen, David J. Wangner, Nicolas Thibault, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Rebecca Jackson, Sabine Schmidt, Kurt H. Kjær, and Camilla S. Andresen
Clim. Past, 15, 1171–1186, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1171-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1171-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
By studying microfossils from sediments in Upernavik Fjord we investigate the role of ocean warming on the retreat of Upernavik Isstrøm during the past ~90 years. The reconstruction of Atlantic-derived waters shows a pattern similar to that of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, corroborating previous studies. The response of Upernavik Isstrøm to ocean forcing has been variable in the past, but the current retreat may be temporarily tempered by cooling bottom waters in the coming decade.
Kenneth D. Mankoff, William Colgan, Anne Solgaard, Nanna B. Karlsson, Andreas P. Ahlstrøm, Dirk van As, Jason E. Box, Shfaqat Abbas Khan, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Jeremie Mouginot, and Robert S. Fausto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 769–786, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-769-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-769-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We have produced an open and reproducible estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through 2017. Our results show three modes at the total ice-sheet scale: steady discharge from 1986 through 2000, increasing discharge from 2000 through 2005, and steady discharge from 2005 through 2017. The behavior of individual sectors and glaciers is more complicated. This work was done to provide a 100 % reproducible estimate to help constrain mass balance and sea-level rise estimates.
Baptiste Vandecrux, Michael MacFerrin, Horst Machguth, William T. Colgan, Dirk van As, Achim Heilig, C. Max Stevens, Charalampos Charalampidis, Robert S. Fausto, Elizabeth M. Morris, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, Lora Koenig, Lynn N. Montgomery, Clément Miège, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, and Jason E. Box
The Cryosphere, 13, 845–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-845-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-845-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The perennial snow, or firn, on the Greenland ice sheet each summer stores part of the meltwater formed at the surface, buffering the ice sheet’s contribution to sea level. We gathered observations of firn air content, indicative of the space available in the firn to retain meltwater, and find that this air content remained stable in cold regions of the firn over the last 65 years but recently decreased significantly in western Greenland.
Andrea Fischel, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, and Bent Vad Odgaard
J. Micropalaeontol., 37, 499–518, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-499-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-499-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera often colonize marine underwater vegetation in tropical regions. We studied these so-called epiphytic foraminifera in a shallow bay in the Bahamas. Here the foraminifera differed between types of vegetation, but sedimentological processes seem to be the main controller of the dead foraminifera in the sediment. This indicates that in carbonate platform regions, epiphytic foraminifera should only be used cautiously as direct indicators of past in situ marine vegetation.
Konstanze Haubner, Jason E. Box, Nicole J. Schlegel, Eric Y. Larour, Mathieu Morlighem, Anne M. Solgaard, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Signe H. Larsen, Eric Rignot, Todd K. Dupont, and Kurt H. Kjær
The Cryosphere, 12, 1511–1522, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1511-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1511-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effect of neglecting calving on Upernavik Isstrøm, West Greenland, between 1849 and 2012.
Our simulation is forced with observed terminus positions in discrete time steps and is responsive to the prescribed ice front changes.
Simulated frontal retreat is needed to obtain a realistic ice surface elevation and velocity evolution of Upernavik.
Using the prescribed terminus position change we gain insight to mass loss partitioning during different time periods.
Ulrich Kotthoff, Jeroen Groeneveld, Jeanine L. Ash, Anne-Sophie Fanget, Nadine Quintana Krupinski, Odile Peyron, Anna Stepanova, Jonathan Warnock, Niels A. G. M. Van Helmond, Benjamin H. Passey, Ole Rønø Clausen, Ole Bennike, Elinor Andrén, Wojciech Granoszewski, Thomas Andrén, Helena L. Filipsson, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Caroline P. Slomp, and Thorsten Bauersachs
Biogeosciences, 14, 5607–5632, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present reconstructions of paleotemperature, paleosalinity, and paleoecology from the Little Belt (Site M0059) over the past ~ 8000 years and evaluate the applicability of numerous proxies. Conditions were lacustrine until ~ 7400 cal yr BP. A transition to brackish–marine conditions then occurred within ~ 200 years. Salinity proxies rarely allowed quantitative estimates but revealed congruent results, while quantitative temperature reconstructions differed depending on the proxies used.
Martin Bartels, Jürgen Titschack, Kirsten Fahl, Rüdiger Stein, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, and Dierk Hebbeln
Clim. Past, 13, 1717–1749, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1717-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1717-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-proxy analyses (i.a., benthic foraminiferal assemblages and sedimentary properties) of a marine record from Woodfjorden at the northern Svalbard margin (Norwegian Arctic) illustrate a significant contribution of relatively warm Atlantic water to the destabilization of tidewater glaciers, especially during the deglaciation and early Holocene (until ~ 7800 years ago), whereas its influence on glacier activity has been fading during the last 2 millennia, enabling glacier readvances.
Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen, Reimer Wilhelm Weinrebe, Jørgen Bendtsen, Anders Anker Bjørk, and Kurt Henrik Kjær
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 589–600, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-589-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present bathymetric and hydrographic measurements from two fjords in southeastern Greenland surveyed in 2014, leading to improved knowledge of the fjord morphology and an assessment of the variability in water masses in the fjords systems. Data were collected as part of a larger field campaign in which we targeted marine and terrestrial observations to assess the long-term behavior of the Greenland ice sheet and provide linkages to modern observations.
Kenneth D. Mankoff and Slawek M. Tulaczyk
The Cryosphere, 11, 303–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-303-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-303-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
There may be a ~ 7-fold increases in heat at the bed of Greenland by the end of the century due to increased runoff. The impact this will have on the ice is uncertain, but recent results indicate more heat may reduced glacier velocity near the margin, and accelerate it in the interior. We used existing model output of Greenland surface melt, ice sheet surface, and basal topography. All code needed to recreate the results, using free software, is included.
A. A. Harpold, J. A. Marshall, S. W. Lyon, T. B. Barnhart, B. A. Fisher, M. Donovan, K. M. Brubaker, C. J. Crosby, N. F. Glenn, C. L. Glennie, P. B. Kirchner, N. Lam, K. D. Mankoff, J. L. McCreight, N. P. Molotch, K. N. Musselman, J. Pelletier, T. Russo, H. Sangireddy, Y. Sjöberg, T. Swetnam, and N. West
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2881–2897, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2881-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2881-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This review's objective is to demonstrate the transformative potential of lidar by critically assessing both challenges and opportunities for transdisciplinary lidar applications in geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology. We find that using lidar to its full potential will require numerous advances, including more powerful open-source processing tools, new lidar acquisition technologies, and improved integration with physically based models and complementary observations.
S. A. Khan, K. K. Kjeldsen, K. H. Kjær, S. Bevan, A. Luckman, A. Aschwanden, A. A. Bjørk, N. J. Korsgaard, J. E. Box, M. van den Broeke, T. M. van Dam, and A. Fitzner
The Cryosphere, 8, 1497–1507, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1497-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1497-2014, 2014
W. Colgan, S. Luthcke, W. Abdalati, and M. Citterio
The Cryosphere, 7, 1901–1914, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1901-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1901-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Discipline: Other | Subject: Ocean Interactions
Ice mélange melt changes observed water column stratification at a tidewater glacier in Greenland
Ice-shelf freshwater triggers for the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf melt tipping point in a global ocean–sea-ice model
Fjord circulation induced by melting icebergs
The macronutrient and micronutrient (iron and manganese) signature of icebergs
Modeling seasonal-to-decadal ocean–cryosphere interactions along the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica
Impact of icebergs on the seasonal submarine melt of Sermeq Kujalleq
Reversal of ocean gyres near ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea caused by the interaction of sea ice and wind
Modeling intensive ocean–cryosphere interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica
Drivers for Atlantic-origin waters abutting Greenland
Impact of West Antarctic ice shelf melting on Southern Ocean hydrography
Ice island thinning: rates and model calibration with in situ observations from Baffin Bay, Nunavut
Quantifying iceberg calving fluxes with underwater noise
Modeling the effect of Ross Ice Shelf melting on the Southern Ocean in quasi-equilibrium
Nicole Abib, David A. Sutherland, Rachel Peterson, Ginny Catania, Jonathan D. Nash, Emily L. Shroyer, Leigh A. Stearns, and Timothy C. Bartholomaus
The Cryosphere, 18, 4817–4829, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4817-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4817-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The melting of ice mélange, or dense packs of icebergs and sea ice in glacial fjords, can influence the water column by releasing cold fresh water deep under the ocean surface. However, direct observations of this process have remained elusive. We use measurements of ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity bookending an episodic ice mélange event to show that this meltwater input changes the density profile of a glacial fjord and has implications for understanding tidewater glacier change.
Matthew J. Hoffman, Carolyn Branecky Begeman, Xylar S. Asay-Davis, Darin Comeau, Alice Barthel, Stephen F. Price, and Jonathan D. Wolfe
The Cryosphere, 18, 2917–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2917-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2917-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica is susceptible to the intrusion of deep, warm ocean water that could increase the melting at the ice-shelf base by a factor of 10. We show that representing this potential melt regime switch in a low-resolution climate model requires careful treatment of iceberg melting and ocean mixing. We also demonstrate a possible ice-shelf melt domino effect where increased melting of nearby ice shelves can lead to the melt regime switch at Filchner–Ronne.
Kenneth G. Hughes
The Cryosphere, 18, 1315–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A mathematical and conceptual model of how the melting of hundreds of icebergs generates currents within a fjord.
Jana Krause, Dustin Carroll, Juan Höfer, Jeremy Donaire, Eric Pieter Achterberg, Emilio Alarcón, Te Liu, Lorenz Meire, Kechen Zhu, and Mark James Hopwood
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2991, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2991, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Icebergs are a mechanism via which the cryosphere and ocean interact. Here we analyzed ice samples from both Arctic and Antarctic polar regions to assess the variability in the composition of calved ice. Our results show that low concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in ice are primarily atmospheric in origin, whereas sediments impart a low concentration of silica and modest concentrations of trace metals, especially iron and manganese.
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, Takeshi Tamura, Kohei Mizobata, Guy D. Williams, and Shigeru Aoki
The Cryosphere, 18, 43–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves, East Antarctica. We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model to better understand regional interactions between ocean, sea ice, and ice shelf. We found that a combination of warm ocean water and local sea ice production influences the regional ice shelf basal melting. Furthermore, the model reproduced the summertime undercurrent on the upper continental slope, regulating ocean heat transport onto the continental shelf.
Karita Kajanto, Fiammetta Straneo, and Kerim Nisancioglu
The Cryosphere, 17, 371–390, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-371-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-371-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Many outlet glaciers in Greenland are connected to the ocean by narrow glacial fjords, where warm water melts the glacier from underneath. Ocean water is modified in these fjords through processes that are poorly understood, particularly iceberg melt. We use a model to show how iceberg melt cools down Ilulissat Icefjord and causes circulation to take place deeper in the fjord than if there were no icebergs. This causes the glacier to melt less and from a smaller area than without icebergs.
Yixi Zheng, David P. Stevens, Karen J. Heywood, Benjamin G. M. Webber, and Bastien Y. Queste
The Cryosphere, 16, 3005–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3005-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3005-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New observations reveal the Thwaites gyre in a habitually ice-covered region in the Amundsen Sea for the first time. This gyre rotates anticlockwise, despite the wind here favouring clockwise gyres like the Pine Island Bay gyre – the only other ocean gyre reported in the Amundsen Sea. We use an ocean model to suggest that sea ice alters the wind stress felt by the ocean and hence determines the gyre direction and strength. These processes may also be applied to other gyres in polar oceans.
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, and Takeshi Tamura
The Cryosphere, 15, 1697–1717, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model with a 2–3 km horizontal resolution to investigate ocean–ice shelf/glacier interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica. The numerical model reproduced the observed warm water intrusion along the deep trough in the bay. We examined in detail (1) water mass changes between the upper continental slope and shelf regions and (2) the fast-ice role in the ocean conditions and basal melting at the Shirase Glacier tongue.
Laura C. Gillard, Xianmin Hu, Paul G. Myers, Mads Hvid Ribergaard, and Craig M. Lee
The Cryosphere, 14, 2729–2753, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2729-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2729-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Greenland's glaciers in contact with the ocean drain the majority of the ice sheet (GrIS). Deep troughs along the shelf branch into fjords, connecting glaciers with ocean waters. The heat from the ocean entering deep troughs may then accelerate the mass loss. Onshore heat transport through troughs was investigated with an ocean model. Processes that drive the delivery of ocean heat respond differently by region to increasing GrIS meltwater, mean circulation, and filtering out of storms.
Yoshihiro Nakayama, Ralph Timmermann, and Hartmut H. Hellmer
The Cryosphere, 14, 2205–2216, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2205-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2205-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies have shown accelerations of West Antarctic glaciers, implying that basal melt rates of these glaciers were small and increased in the middle of the 20th century. We conduct coupled sea ice–ice shelf–ocean simulations with different levels of ice shelf melting from West Antarctic glaciers. This study reveals how far and how quickly glacial meltwater from ice shelves in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas propagates downstream into the Ross Sea and along the East Antarctic coast.
Anna J. Crawford, Derek Mueller, Gregory Crocker, Laurent Mingo, Luc Desjardins, Dany Dumont, and Marcel Babin
The Cryosphere, 14, 1067–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1067-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1067-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large tabular icebergs (
ice islands) are symbols of climate change as well as marine hazards. We measured thickness along radar transects over two visits to a 14 km2 Arctic ice island and left automated equipment to monitor surface ablation and thickness over 1 year. We assess variation in thinning rates and calibrate an ice–ocean melt model with field data. Our work contributes to understanding ice island deterioration via logistically complex fieldwork in a remote environment.
Oskar Glowacki and Grant B. Deane
The Cryosphere, 14, 1025–1042, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1025-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1025-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Marine-terminating glaciers are shrinking rapidly in response to the warming climate and thus provide large quantities of fresh water to the ocean system. However, accurate estimates of ice loss at the ice–ocean boundary are difficult to obtain. Here we demonstrate that ice mass loss from iceberg break-off (calving) can be measured by analyzing the underwater noise generated as icebergs impact the sea surface.
Xiying Liu
The Cryosphere, 12, 3033–3044, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3033-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3033-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical experiments have been performed to study the effect of basal melting of the Ross Ice Shelf on the ocean southward of 35° S. It is shown that the melt rate averaged over the entire Ross Ice Shelf is 0.253 m year-1, which is associated with a freshwater flux of 3150 m3 s-1. The extra freshwater flux decreases the salinity in the Southern Ocean substantially, leading to anomalies in circulation, sea ice, and heat transport in certain parts of the ocean.
Cited articles
Andersen, T. J.: Some Practical Considerations Regarding the Application of
210Pb and 137Cs Dating to Estuarine Sediments, in: Applications of
Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies, Springer, Developments
in Paleoenvironmental Research (DPER), 20, 121–140, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0990-1_6, 2017.
Arendt, K. E., Dutz, J., Jonasdottir, S. H., Jung-Madsen, S., Mortensen, J.,
Moller, E. F., and Nielsen, T. G.: Effects of suspended sediments on copepods
feeding in a glacial influenced sub-Arctic fjord, J. Plankton Res., 33,
1526–1537, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbr054, 2011.
Arendt, K. E., Agersted, M. D., Sejr, M. K., and Juul-Pedersen, T.: Glacial
meltwater influences on plankton community structure and the importance of
top-down control (of primary production) in a NE Greenland fjord, Estuar.,
Coast. Shelf Sci., 183, 123–135, 2016.
Arrigo, K. R. and van Dijken, G. I.: Continued increases in Arctic Ocean
primary production, Prog. Oceanogr., 136, 60–70, 2015.
Aschwanden, A., Fahnestock, M. A., Truffer, M., Brinkerhoff, D. J., Hock, R.,
Khroulev, C., Mottram, R., and Khan, S. A.: Contribution of the Greenland Ice
Sheet to sea level over the next millennium, Sci. Adv., 5, eaav9396, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav9396, 2019.
Bamber, J. L., Tedstone, A. J., King, M. D., Howat, I. M., Enderlin, E. M., van
den Broeke, M. R., and Noel, B.: Land Ice Freshwater Budget of the Arctic and
North Atlantic Oceans: 1. Data, Methods, and Results, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 123, 1827–1837, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jc013605,
2018.
Barão, L., Vandevenne, F., Clymans, W., Frings, P., Ragueneau, O.,
Meire, P., Conley, D. J., and Struyf, E.: Alkaline-extractable silicon from
land to ocean: A challenge for biogenic silicon determination, Limnol.
Oceanogr. Meth., 13, 329–344, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10028, 2015.
Battarbee, R. W., Jones, V. J., Flower, R. J., Cameron, N. G., Bennion, H.,
Carvalho, L., and Juggins, S.: Diatoms, in: Tracking Environmental Change
Using Lake Sediments Volume 3, Terrestial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators,
edited by: Smol, J. P., Birks, H. J. B., and Last, W. M., Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 155–202, 2001.
Belt, S. T., Brown, T. A., Smik, L., Tatarek, A., Wiktor, J., Stowasser, G.,
Assmy, P., Allen, C. S., and Husum, K.: Identification of C25 highly branched
isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes in diatoms of the genus Rhizosolenia in polar and
sub-polar marine phytoplankton, Org. Geochem., 110, 65–72, 2017.
Berthelsen, T.: Coastal fisheries in Greenland, KNAPK report, Nuuk, 2014.
Bianchi, T. S., Arndt, S., Austin, W. E. N., Benn, D. I., Bertrand, S., Cui, X.,
Faust, J. C., Koxiorowska-Makuch, K., Moy, C. M., Savage, C., Smeaton, C.,
Smith, R. W., and Syvitski, J.: Fjord as Aquatic Critical Zones (ACZs), Earth
Sci. Rev., 203, 103145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103145, 2020.
Bindoff, N. L., Cheung, W. W. L., Kairo, J. G., Arístegui, J., Guinder,
V. A., Hallberg, R., Hilmi, N., Jiao, N., Karim, M. S., Levin, L., O'Donoghue,
S., Purca Cuicapusa, S. R., Rinkevich, B., Suga, T., Tagliabue, A., and
Williamson, P.: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent
Communities, 2019, in: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a
changing Climate, edited by: Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D. C.,
Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K.,
Alegría, A., Nicolai, M., Okem, A., Petzold, J., Rama, B., Weyer, N. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 447–587, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964.007,
2019.
Bjørk, A. A., Kjær, K. H., Korsgaard, N. J., Khan, S. A., Kjeldsen, K. K.,
Andresen, C. S., Box, J. E., Larsen, N. K., and Funder, S.: An aerial view of
80 years of climate-related glacier fluctuations in southeast Greenland,
Nat. Geosci., 5, 427–432, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1481,
2012.
Bjørk, A. A., Aagaard, S., Lütt, A., Khan, S. A., Box, J. E., Kjeldsen, K. K., Larsen, N. K., Korsgarrd, N. J., Cappelen, J., Colgan, W. T., Macguth, H., Andresen, C. S., Peings, Y., and Kjær, K. H.: Changes in Greenland's peripheral glaciers linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 48–52, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0029-1, 2018.
Boye, T. K., Simon, M., and Madsen, P. T.: Habitat use of humpback whales in
Godthåbsfjord, West Greenland, with implications for commercial
exploitation, J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. of the United Kingdom, 90, 1529–1539,
2010.
Compo, G. P., Whitaker, J. S., Sardeshmukh, P. D., Matsui, N., Allan, R. J.,
Yin, X., Gleason, B. E., Vose, R. S., Rutledge, G., Bessemoulin, P.,
Brönnimann, S., Brunet, M., Crouthamel, R. I., Grant, A. N., Groisman,
P. Y., Jones, P. D., Kruk, M. C., Kruger, A. C., Marshall, G. J., Maugeri, M.,
Mok, H. Y., Nordli, Ø., Ross, T. F., Trigo, R. M., Wang, X. L., Woodruff,
S. D., and Worley, S. J.: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project, Q. J. Roy.
Meteor. Soc., 137, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.776,
2011.
Cremer, H.: The diatom flora of the Laptev Sea (Arctic Ocean), edited by: Lange-Bertalot, H. and Kociolek, P., Bibliotheca
diatomologica, 40, Berlin and Stuttgart, 169 pp.,
ISBN 3-443-57031-3, 1998.
Delhasse, A., Kittel, C., Amory, C., Hofer, S., van As, D., S. Fausto, R., and Fettweis, X.: Brief communication: Evaluation of the near-surface climate in ERA5 over the Greenland Ice Sheet, The Cryosphere, 14, 957–965, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-957-2020, 2020.
DeMaster, D. J.: Measuring biogenic silica in marine sediments and suspended
matter, in: Marine Particles: Analysis and Characterization, Geophysical
Monograph 63, American Geophysical Union, edited by: Hurd, D. C. and Spencer,
D. W., Washington, D.C., 363–367, 1991.
Detlef, H., Reilly, B., Jennings, A., Mørk Jensen, M., O'Regan, M., Glasius, M., Olsen, J., Jakobsson, M., and Pearce, C.: Holocene sea-ice dynamics in Petermann Fjord in relation to ice tongue stability and Nares Strait ice arch formation, The Cryosphere, 15, 4357–4380, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4357-2021, 2021.
Fettweis, X., Franco, B., Tedesco, M., van Angelen, J. H., Lenaerts, J. T. M., van den Broeke, M. R., and Gallée, H.: Estimating the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance contribution to future sea level rise using the regional atmospheric climate model MAR, The Cryosphere, 7, 469–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-469-2013, 2013.
Fettweis, X., Box, J. E., Agosta, C., Amory, C., Kittel, C., Lang, C., van As, D., Machguth, H., and Gallée, H.: Reconstructions of the 1900–2015 Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance using the regional climate MAR model, The Cryosphere, 11, 1015–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1015-2017, 2017.
Foged, N.: Diatoms from southwest Greenland, Meddelelser om Grønland, 194
nr. 5, København, C.A. Reitsel, 1973.
Glud, R. N., Kühl, M., Wenzhöfer, F., and Rysgaard, S.: Benthic
diatoms of a high Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland): importance for
ecosystem primary production, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 238, 15–29, 2002.
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T., and Ryan, P. D.: PAST: Paleontological
Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis, Paleontol.
Electron., 4, 3–4, 2001.
Harff, J., Perner, K., and Moros, M.: Deglacial history, coastal development,
and environmental change in West Greenland during the Holocene: Results of
the R/V “Maria S,Merian” expedition MSM05/03, 15 June to 4 July 2007, Meereswiss. Ber., Warnemünde, 99, https://doi.org/10.12754/msr-2016-0099,
2016.
Hasle, G. R. and Heimdal, B. R.: The net phytoplankton from Kongsfjorden,
Svalbard, July 1988, with general remarks on species composition of arctic
phytoplankton, Polar Res., 17, 31–52, 1998.
Hasle, G. R. and Syvertsen, E. E.: Marine diatoms, in: Identifying Marine
Phytoplankton, edited by: Tomas, C.R., Academic Press, California, 5–385,
1996.
Hawkings, J. R., Wadham, J. L., Tranter, M., Lawson, E., Sole, A., Cowton, T.,
Tedstone, A. J., Bartholomew, I., Nienow, P., Chandler, D., and Telling, J.:
The effect of warming climate on nutrient and solute export from the
Greenland Ice Sheet, Geochem. Perspect. Lett., 1, 94–104,
https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.1510, 2015.
Hodal, H., Falk-Petersen, S., Hop, H., Kristiansen, S., and Reigstad, M.:
Spring bloom dynamics in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard: Nutrients, phytoplankton,
protozoans and primary production, Polar Biol., 35, 191–203,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-011-1053-7, 2012.
Holding, J. M., Markager, S., Juul-Pedersen, T., Paulsen, M. L., Møller, E. F., Meire, L., and Sejr, M. K.: Seasonal and spatial patterns of primary production in a high-latitude fjord affected by Greenland Ice Sheet run-off, Biogeosciences, 16, 3777–3792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3777-2019, 2019.
Hopwood, M. J., Carroll, D., Browning, T. J., Meire, L., Mortensen, J.,
Krisch, S., and Achterberg, E. P.: Non-linear response of summertime marine
productivity to increased meltwater discharge around Greenland, Nat.
Commun., 9, 3256, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05488-8, 2018.
Hopwood, M. J., Carroll, D., Dunse, T., Hodson, A., Holding, J. M., Iriarte, J. L., Ribeiro, S., Achterberg, E. P., Cantoni, C., Carlson, D. F., Chierici, M., Clarke, J. S., Cozzi, S., Fransson, A., Juul-Pedersen, T., Winding, M. H. S., and Meire, L.: Review article: How does glacier discharge affect marine biogeochemistry and primary production in the Arctic?, The Cryosphere, 14, 1347–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1347-2020, 2020.
Hurrell, J. W.: Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: regional
temperatures and precipitation, Science, 269, 676–679, 1995.
Jensen, K. G.: Holocene hydrographic changes in Greenland coastal waters,
PhD thesis, The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen,
Denmark, 2003.
Jensen, L. M. and Rasch, M.: Nuuk Ecological Research Operations, 2nd
Annual Report, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University,
Denmark, 80 pp., 2008.
Juul-Pedersen, T., Arendt, K. E., Mortensen, J., Blicher, M. E., Søgaard,
D. H., and Rysgaard, S.: Seasonal and interannual phytoplankton production in
a sub-Arctic tidewater outlet glacier fjord, SW Greenland, Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 524, 27–38, 2015.
Kahru, M., Brotas, V., Manzano-Sarabia, M., and Mitchell, B. G.: Are
phytoplankton blooms occurring earlier in the Arctic?, Glob. Chang. Biol.,
17, 1733–1739, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02312.x, 2011.
Kanna, N., Sugiyama, S., Ohashi, Y., Sakakibara, D., Fukamachi, Y., and
Nomura, D.: Upwelling of macronutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon by a
subglacial freshwater driven plume in Bowdoin Fjord, northwestern Greenland,
J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 123, 1666–1682, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JG004248, 2018.
Karsten, U., Schlie, C., Woelfel, J., and Becker, B.: Benthic diatoms in
Arctic Seas – Ecological functions and adaptations, Polarforschung, 81,
77–84, 2011.
Kemp, A. E. S., Pearce, R. B., Grigorov, I., Rance, J., Lange, C. B., Quilty,
P., and Salter, I.: Production of giant marine diatoms and their export at
oceanic frontal zones: Implications for Si and C flux from stratified
oceans, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20, GB4S04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002698,
2006.
Korsgaard, N. J., Nuth, C., Khan, S. A., Kjeldsen, K. K., Bjørk, A. A.,
Schomacker, A., and Kjær, K. H.: Digital elevation model and
orthophotographs of Greenland based on aerial photographs from 1978–1987,
Sci. Data, 3, 160032, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.32, 2016.
Krawczyk, D., Arendt, K. E., Juul-Pedersen, T., Sejr, M. K., Blicher, M. E.,
and Jakobsen, H. H.: Spatial and temporal distribution of planktonic protists
in the East Greenland fjord and offshore waters, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 538,
99–116, 2015a.
Krawczyk, D. W., Witkowski, A., Juul-Pedersen, T., Arendt, K. E., Mortensen,
J., and Rysgaard, S.: Microplankton succession in a SW Greenland tidewater
glacial fjord influenced by coastal inflows and run-off from the Greenland
Ice Sheet, Polar Biol., 38, 1515–1533, 2015b.
Krawczyk, D., Meire, L., Lopes, C., Juul-Pedersen, T., Mortensen, J., Li,
C. L., and Krogh, T.: Seasonal succession, distribution, and diversity of
planktonic protists in relation to hydrography of the Godthåbsfjord
system (SW Greenland), Polar Biol., 2033–2052, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2343-0, 2018.
Kumar, V., Tiwari, M., Nagoji, S., and Tripathi, S.: Evidence of anomalously
low δ13C of marine organic matter in an arctic fjord, Sci.
Rep.-UK, 6, 36192, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36192, 2016.
Lannuzel, D., Tedesco, L., van Leeuwe, M., Campbell, K., Flores, H.,
Delille, B., Miller, L., Stefels, J., Assmy, P., Bowman, J., Brown, K.,
Castellani, G., Chierici, M., Crabeck, O., Damm, E., Else, B., Fransson, A.,
Fripiat, F., Geilfus, N.-X., Jacques, C., Jones, E., Kaartokallio, H.,
Kotovich, M., Meiners, K., Moreau, S., Nomura, D., Peeken, I., Rintala,
J.-M., Steiner, N., Tison, J.-L., Vancoppenolle, M., Van der Linden, F.,
Vichi, M., and Wongpan, P.: The future of Arctic sea-ice biogeochemistry and
ice-associated ecosystems, Nat. Clim. Change, 10, 983–992, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00940-4, 2020.
Laufer-Meiser, K., Michaud, A. B., Maisch, M., Byrne, J. M., Kappler, A.,
Patterson, M. O., Røy, H., and Jørgensen, B. B.: Potentially
bioavailable iron produced through benthic cycling in glaciated Arctic
fjords of Svalbard, Nat. Commun., 12, 1349, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21558-w, 2021.
Lea, J. M., Mair, D. W. F., Nick, F. M., Rea, B. R., van As, D., Morlighem, M., Nienow, P. W., and Weidick, A.: Fluctuations of a Greenlandic tidewater glacier driven by changes in atmospheric forcing: observations and modelling of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia, 1859–present, The Cryosphere, 8, 2031–2045, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2031-2014, 2014.
Lewis, K. M., van Dijken, G. L., and Arrigo, K. R.: Changes in phytoplankton
concentration now drive increased Arctic Ocean primary production, Science,
369, 198–202, 2020.
Limoges, A., Ribeiro, S., Weckström, K., Heikkilä, M., Zamelczyk,
K., Andersen, T. J., Tallberg, P., Massé, G., Rysgaard, S.,
Nørgaard-Pedersen, N., and Seidenkrantz, M.-S.: Linking the modern
distribution of biogenic proxies in High Arctic Greenland shelf sediments to
sea ice, primary production, and Arctic-Atlantic inflow, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 123, 760–786, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003840,
2018.
Limoges, A., Weckström, K., Ribeiro, S., Georgiadis, E., Hansen, K.E.,
Martinez, P., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Giraudeau, J., Crosta, J., and Massé,
G.: Learning from the past: Impact of the Arctic Oscillation on sea ice and
marine productivity off northwest Greenland over the last 9,000 years, Glob.
Change Biol., 26, 6767–6786, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15334,
2020.
Luostarinen, T., Ribeiro, S., Weckström, K., Sejr, M., Meire, L.,
Tallberg, P., and Heikkilä, M.: An annual cycle of diatom succession in
two contrasting Greenlandic fjords: from simple sea-ice indicators to varied
seasonal strategists, Mar. Micropaleontol., 158, 101873, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2020.101873, 2020.
Lydersen, C., Assmy, P., Falk-Petersen, S., Kohler, J., Kovacs, K. M.,
Reigstad, M., Steen, H., Strøm, H., Sundfjord, A., Varpe, Ø.,
Walczowski, W., Weslawski, J. M., and Zajaczkowski, M.: The importance of
tidewater glaciers for marine mammals and seabirds in Svalbard, Norway, J.
Mar. Syst., 129, 452–471, 2014.
Mankoff, K. D., Noël, B., Fettweis, X., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Colgan, W., Kondo, K., Langley, K., Sugiyama, S., van As, D., and Fausto, R. S.: Greenland liquid water discharge from 1958 through 2019, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2811–2841, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2811-2020, 2020.
Mankoff, K. D., Fettweis, X., Langen, P. L., Stendel, M., Kjeldsen, K. K., Karlsson, N. B., Noël, B., van den Broeke, M. R., Solgaard, A., Colgan, W., Box, J. E., Simonsen, S. B., King, M. D., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Andersen, S. B., and Fausto, R. S.: Greenland ice sheet mass balance from 1840 through next week, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5001–5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021, 2021.
Martinez, E., Antoine, D., D'Ortenzio, F., and Gentili, B.:
Climate-driven basin-scale decadal oscillations of oceanic phytoplankton,
Science, 326, 1253–1256, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177012, 2009.
Meire, L., Søgaard, D. H., Mortensen, J., Meysman, F. J. R., Soetaert, K., Arendt, K. E., Juul-Pedersen, T., Blicher, M. E., and Rysgaard, S.: Glacial meltwater and primary production are drivers of strong CO2 uptake in fjord and coastal waters adjacent to the Greenland Ice Sheet, Biogeosciences, 12, 2347–2363, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2347-2015, 2015.
Meire, L., Meire, P., Struyf, E., Krawczyk, D. W., Arendt, K. E., Yde, J. C.,
Juul-Pedersen, T., Hopwood, M., Rysgaard, S., and Meysman, F. J. R.: High
export of silica from the Greenland Ice Sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43,
9173–9182, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070191, 2016a.
Meire, L., Mortensen, J., Rysgaard, S., Bendtsen, J., Boone, W., Meire, P.,
and Meysman, J. R.: Spring bloom dynamics in a subarctic fjord influenced by
tidewater outlet glaciers (Godthåbsfjord, SW Greenland), J. Geophys.
Res.-Biogeo., 121, 1581–1592, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003240, 2016b.
Meire, L., Mortensen, J., Meire, P., Juul-Pedersen, T., Sejr, M. K., Rysgaard,
S., Nygaard, R., Huybrechts, P., and Meysman, F. J. R.: Marine-terminating
glaciers sustain high productivity in Greenland fjords, Glob. Change Biol.,
23, 5344–5357, 2017.
Meyers, P. A.: Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification
of sedimentary organic matter, Chem. Geol., 114, 289–302, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90059-0, 1994.
Mikkelsen, N., Lennert, A., Ribeiro, S., and Nørgaard-Pedersen, N.: Marine
geological sampling in the Godthåbsfjord region, Geological cruise
report – R/V Sanna 10–18 May 2012, Danmarks og Grønlands geologiske
undersøgelse rapport 2012/89, 2012.
Mortensen, J., Lennert, K., Bendtsen, J., and Rysgaard, S.: Heat sources for
glacial melt in a sub-Arctic fjord (Godthåbsfjord) in contact with the
Greenland Ice Sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C01013,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006528, 2011.
Mortensen, J., Bendtsen, J., Motyka, R. J., Lennert, K., Truffer, M.,
Fahnestock, M., and Rysgaard, S.: On the seasonal freshwater stratification
in the proximity of fast-flowing tidewater glaciers in a sub-Arctic sill
fjord, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 1382–1395, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20134,
2013.
Motyka, R. J., Cassotto, R., Trueffer, M., Kjeldsen, K. K., van As, D.,
Korsgaard, N. J., Fahnestock, M., Howat, I., Langen, P. L., Mortensen, J.,
Lennert, K., and Rysgaard, S.: Asynchronous behavious of outlet glaciers
feeding Godthåbsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua) and the triggering of Narsap
Sermia's retreat in SW Greenland, J. Glaciol., 63,
288–308, 2017.
Mullin, J. and Riley, J.: The colorimetric determination of silicate with
special reference to sea and natural waters, Anal. Chim. Acta, 12, 162–176,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)87825-3, 1955.
Oksman, M.: Data for Impact of freshwater runoff from the southwest Greenland Ice Sheet on fjord productivity since the late 19th century, GEUS Dataverse, V1 [data set], https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/ICURNP, 2022.
Oksman, M., Juggins, S., Miettinen, A., Witkowski, A., and Weckström,
K.: The biogeography and ecology of common diatom species in the northern
North Atlantic, and their implications for paleoceanographic
reconstructions, Mar. Micropaleontol., 148, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2019.02.002, 2019.
Racault, M.-F., Sathyendranath, S., Brewin, R. J. W., Raitsos, D. E., Jackson,
T., and Platt, T.: Impact of El Niño variability on oceanic
phytoplankton, Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 133, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00133, 2017.
Renaut, S., Devred, E., and Babin, M.: Northward expansion and
intensification of phytoplankton growth during the early ice-free season in
Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 10590–10598, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GLO78995, 2018.
Ribeiro, S., Sejr, M. K., Limoges, A., Heikkilä, M., Andersen, T. J.,
Tallberg, P., Weckström, K., Husum, K., Forwick, M., Dalsgaard, T.,
Massé, G., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., and Rysgaard, S.: Sea ice and primary
production proxies in surface sediments from a High Arctic Greenland fjord:
Spatial distribution and implications for paleoenvironmental studies, Ambio,
46, 106–118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0894-2,
2017.
Ribeiro, S., Limoges, A., Massé, Johansen, K. L., Colgan, W.,
Weckström, K., Jackson, R., Georgiadis, E., Mikkelsen, N., Kuijpers, A.,
Olsen, J., Olsen, S. M., Nissen, M., Andersen, T. J., Strunk, A., Wetterich,
S., Syväranta, J., Hendersson, A. C. G., Mackay, H., Taipale, S.,
Jeppesen, E., Larsen, N. K., Crosta, X., Giraudeau, J., Wengrat, S., Nuttall,
S., Grønnow, B., Mosbech, A., and Davidson, T. A.: Vulnerability of the
North Water ecosystem to climate change, Nat. Commun., 12, 4475, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24742-0, 2021.
Ribergaard, M. H.: Oceanographic investigations off West Greenland 2013, NAFO
Scientific Council Documents, 14/001, 2014.
Rysgaard, S., Mortensen, J., Juul-Pedersen, T., Sørensen, L. L., Lennert,
K., Søgaard, D. H., Arendt, K. E., Blicher, M. E., Sejr, M. K., and Bendtsen,
J.: High air-sea CO2 uptake rates in nearshore and shelf areas of
Southern Greenland: Temporal and spatial variability, Mar. Chem., 128–129,
26–33, 2012.
Ryves, D. B., Battarbee, R. W., Juggins, S., Fritz, S. C., and Anderson, N. J.:
Physical and chemical predictors of diatom dissolution in freshwater and
saline lake sediments in North America and West Greenland, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
51, 1355–1368, 2006.
Saini, J., Stein, R., Fahl, K., Weiser, J., Hebbeln, D., Hillaire-Marcel,
C., and de Vernal, A.: Holocene variability in sea ice and primary
productivity in the northeastern Baffin Bay, Arktos, 6, 55–73,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41063-020-00075-y, 2020.
Schubert, C. J. and Calvert, S. E.: Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition
of marine and terrestrial organic matter in Arctic Ocean sediments:
implications for nutrient utilization and organic matter composition, Deep-Sea Res., 48, 789–810, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00069-8, 2001.
Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Kuijpers, A., and Schmith, T.: Comparing past and
present climate – a tool to distinguish between natural and human-induced
climate change. In: Beyond Kyoto: Addressing the challenges of climate
change, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Sciences, 8, 012012,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/8/1/012012, 2009.
Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Røy, H., Lomstein, B. A., Meire, L., and the
shipboard and on-shore parties: Godthåbsfjord system and the West
Greenland shelf with “R/V Sanna”, 11–16, Cruise report, Aarhus University,
Denmark, 2014.
Stroeve, J. and Notz, D.: Changing state of Arctic sea ice across all
seasons, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 103001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aade56,
2018.
van As, D., Andersen, M. L., Petersen, D., Fettweis, X., van Angelen, J. H.,
Lenaerts, J. T. M., van den Broeke, M., Lea, J. M., Bøggild, C. E.,
Alhstrøm, A. P., and Steffen, K.: Increasing meltwater discharge from the
Nuuk region of the Greenland ice sheet and implications for mass balance
(1960–2021), J. Glaciol., 60, 314–322, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG13J065, 2014.
von Quillfeldt, C. H.: Common diatom species in Arctic spring blooms: Their
distribution and Abundance, Bot. Mar., 43, 499–516, 2000.
von Quillfeldt, C. H.: The diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus and its potential
as an indicator species for cold water rather than for sea ice, Vie Milieu
54, 137–143, 2004.
Weckström, K., Roche, B., R., Miettinen, A., Krawczyk, D., Limoges, A.,
Juggins, S., Ribeiro, S., and Heikkilä, M.: Improving the
plaeoceanographic proxy tool kit – On the biogeogeography and ecology of
the sea ice-associated species Fragilariopsis oceanica, Fragilariopsis
reginae-jahniae and Fossula arctica in the northern Atlantic, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 157, 101860, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2020.101860, 2020.
Co-editor-in-chief
Justification of handling editor: The paper presents a multi-proxy study of fjord productivity in Greenland. The link between paleo records and modern climate is notable.
Justification of handling editor: The paper presents a multi-proxy study of fjord productivity...
Short summary
One of the questions facing the cryosphere community today is how increasing runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet impacts marine ecosystems. To address this, long-term data are essential. Here, we present multi-site records of fjord productivity for SW Greenland back to the 19th century. We show a link between historical freshwater runoff and productivity, which is strongest in the inner fjord – influenced by marine-terminating glaciers – where productivity has increased since the late 1990s.
One of the questions facing the cryosphere community today is how increasing runoff from the...
