Articles | Volume 17, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4705-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4705-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Nov 2023
Research article |
| 09 Nov 2023
| 09 Nov 2023
Basal conditions of Denman Glacier from glacier hydrology and ice dynamics modeling
Koi McArthur
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Felicity S. McCormack
Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmosphere & Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Kulin Nations, Victoria, Australia
Christine F. Dow
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Related authors
Felicity S. McCormack, Jason L. Roberts, Bernd Kulessa, Alan Aitken, Christine F. Dow, Lawrence Bird, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, Katharina Hochmuth, Richard S. Jones, Andrew N. Mackintosh, and Koi McArthur
The Cryosphere, 17, 4549–4569, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4549-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4549-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in Antarctic surface elevation can cause changes in ice and basal water flow, impacting how much ice enters the ocean. We find that ice and basal water flow could divert from the Totten to the Vanderford Glacier, East Antarctica, under only small changes in the surface elevation, with implications for estimates of ice loss from this region. Further studies are needed to determine when this could occur and if similar diversions could occur elsewhere in Antarctica due to climate change.
Lawrence A. Bird, Vitaliy Ogarko, Laurent Ailleres, Lachlan Grose, Jérémie Giraud, Felicity S. McCormack, David E. Gwyther, Jason L. Roberts, Richard S. Jones, and Andrew N. Mackintosh
The Cryosphere, 19, 3355–3380, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3355-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3355-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The terrain of the seafloor has important controls on the access of warm water below floating ice shelves around Antarctica. Here, we present an open-source method to infer what the seafloor looks like around the Antarctic continent and within these ice shelf cavities, using measurements of the Earth's gravitational field. We present an improved seafloor map for the Vincennes Bay region in East Antarctica and assess its impact on ice melt rates.
Jessica M. A. Macha, Andrew N. Mackintosh, Felicity S. McCormack, Benjamin J. Henley, Helen V. McGregor, Christiaan T. van Dalum, and Ariaan Purich
The Cryosphere, 19, 1915–1935, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1915-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1915-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events have global impacts, but their Antarctic impacts are poorly understood. Examining Antarctic snow accumulation anomalies of past observed extreme ENSO events, we show that accumulation changes differ between events and are insignificant during most events. Significant changes occur during 2015/16 and in Enderby Land during all extreme El Niños. Historical data limit conclusions, but future greater extremes could cause Antarctic accumulation changes.
Lawrence A. Bird, Felicity S. McCormack, Johanna Beckmann, Richard S. Jones, and Andrew N. Mackintosh
The Cryosphere, 19, 955–973, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-955-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-955-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Vanderford Glacier is the fastest-retreating glacier in East Antarctica and may have important implications for future ice loss from the Aurora Subglacial Basin. Our ice sheet model simulations suggest that grounding line retreat is driven by sub-ice-shelf basal melting, in which warm ocean waters melt ice close to the grounding line. We show that current estimates of basal melt are likely too low, highlighting the need for improved estimates and direct measurements of basal melt in the region.
Laurane Charrier, Amaury Dehecq, Lei Guo, Fanny Brun, Romain Millan, Nathan Lioret, Luke Copland, Nathan Maier, Christine Dow, and Paul Halas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3409, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3409, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
While global annual glacier velocities are openly accessible, sub-annual velocity time series are still lacking. This hinders our ability to understand flow processes and the integration of these observations in numerical models. We introduce an open source Python package called TICOI to fuses multi-temporal and multi-sensor image-pair velocities produced by different processing chains to produce standardized sub-annual velocity products.
Adam J. Hepburn, Christine F. Dow, Antti Ojala, Joni Mäkinen, Elina Ahokangas, Jussi Hovikoski, Jukka-Pekka Palmu, and Kari Kajuutti
The Cryosphere, 18, 4873–4916, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4873-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4873-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Terrain formerly occupied by ice sheets in the last ice age allows us to parameterize models of basal water flow using terrain and data unavailable beneath current ice sheets. Using GlaDS, a 2D basal hydrology model, we explore the origin of murtoos, a specific landform found throughout Finland that is thought to mark the upper limit of channels beneath the ice. Our results validate many of the predictions of murtoo origins and demonstrate that such models can be used to explore past ice sheets.
Robert G. Bingham, Julien A. Bodart, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Ailsa Chung, Rebecca J. Sanderson, Johannes C. R. Sutter, Olaf Eisen, Nanna B. Karlsson, Joseph A. MacGregor, Neil Ross, Duncan A. Young, David W. Ashmore, Andreas Born, Winnie Chu, Xiangbin Cui, Reinhard Drews, Steven Franke, Vikram Goel, John W. Goodge, A. Clara J. Henry, Antoine Hermant, Benjamin H. Hills, Nicholas Holschuh, Michelle R. Koutnik, Gwendolyn J.-M. C. Leysinger Vieli, Emma J. Mackie, Elisa Mantelli, Carlos Martín, Felix S. L. Ng, Falk M. Oraschewski, Felipe Napoleoni, Frédéric Parrenin, Sergey V. Popov, Therese Rieckh, Rebecca Schlegel, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Xueyuan Tang, Thomas O. Teisberg, Kate Winter, Shuai Yan, Harry Davis, Christine F. Dow, Tyler J. Fudge, Tom A. Jordan, Bernd Kulessa, Kenichi Matsuoka, Clara J. Nyqvist, Maryam Rahnemoonfar, Matthew R. Siegfried, Shivangini Singh, Verjan Višnjević, Rodrigo Zamora, and Alexandra Zuhr
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2593, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2593, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ice sheets covering Antarctica have built up over millenia through successive snowfall events which become buried and preserved as internal surfaces of equal age detectable with ice-penetrating radar. This paper describes an international initiative to work together on this archival data to build a comprehensive 3-D picture of how old the ice is everywhere across Antarctica, and how this will be used to reconstruct past and predict future ice and climate behaviour.
Siobhan F. Killingbeck, Anja Rutishauser, Martyn J. Unsworth, Ashley Dubnick, Alison S. Criscitiello, James Killingbeck, Christine F. Dow, Tim Hill, Adam D. Booth, Brittany Main, and Eric Brossier
The Cryosphere, 18, 3699–3722, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3699-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3699-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A subglacial lake was proposed to exist beneath Devon Ice Cap in the Canadian Arctic based on the analysis of airborne data. Our study presents a new interpretation of the subglacial material beneath the Devon Ice Cap from surface-based geophysical data. We show that there is no evidence of subglacial water, and the subglacial lake has likely been misidentified. Re-evaluation of the airborne data shows that overestimation of a critical processing parameter has likely occurred in prior studies.
Christine F. Dow, Derek Mueller, Peter Wray, Drew Friedrichs, Alexander L. Forrest, Jasmin B. McInerney, Jamin Greenbaum, Donald D. Blankenship, Choon Ki Lee, and Won Sang Lee
The Cryosphere, 18, 1105–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1105-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1105-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice shelves are a key control on Antarctic contribution to sea level rise. We examine the Nansen Ice Shelf in East Antarctica using a combination of field-based and satellite data. We find the basal topography of the ice shelf is highly variable, only partially visible in satellite datasets. We also find that the thinnest region of the ice shelf is altered over time by ice flow rates and ocean melting. These processes can cause fractures to form that eventually result in large calving events.
Felicity S. McCormack, Jason L. Roberts, Bernd Kulessa, Alan Aitken, Christine F. Dow, Lawrence Bird, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, Katharina Hochmuth, Richard S. Jones, Andrew N. Mackintosh, and Koi McArthur
The Cryosphere, 17, 4549–4569, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4549-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4549-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in Antarctic surface elevation can cause changes in ice and basal water flow, impacting how much ice enters the ocean. We find that ice and basal water flow could divert from the Totten to the Vanderford Glacier, East Antarctica, under only small changes in the surface elevation, with implications for estimates of ice loss from this region. Further studies are needed to determine when this could occur and if similar diversions could occur elsewhere in Antarctica due to climate change.
Whyjay Zheng, Shashank Bhushan, Maximillian Van Wyk De Vries, William Kochtitzky, David Shean, Luke Copland, Christine Dow, Renette Jones-Ivey, and Fernando Pérez
The Cryosphere, 17, 4063–4078, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4063-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4063-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We design and propose a method that can evaluate the quality of glacier velocity maps. The method includes two numbers that we can calculate for each velocity map. Based on statistics and ice flow physics, velocity maps with numbers close to the recommended values are considered to have good quality. We test the method using the data from Kaskawulsh Glacier, Canada, and release an open-sourced software tool called GLAcier Feature Tracking testkit (GLAFT) to help users assess their velocity maps.
Tim Hill and Christine F. Dow
The Cryosphere, 17, 2607–2624, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2607-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2607-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Water flow across the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet controls the rate of water flow to the glacier bed. Here, we simulate surface water flow for a small catchment on the southwestern Greenland Ice Sheet. Our simulations predict significant differences in the form of surface water flow in high and low melt years depending on the rate and intensity of surface melt. These model outputs will be important in future work assessing the impact of surface water flow on subglacial water pressure.
Dominic Saunderson, Andrew Mackintosh, Felicity McCormack, Richard Selwyn Jones, and Ghislain Picard
The Cryosphere, 16, 4553–4569, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the variability in surface melt on the Shackleton Ice Shelf in East Antarctica over the last 2 decades (2003–2021). Using daily satellite observations and the machine learning approach of a self-organising map, we identify nine distinct spatial patterns of melt. These patterns allow comparisons of melt within and across melt seasons and highlight the importance of both air temperatures and local controls such as topography, katabatic winds, and albedo in driving surface melt.
Zhiang Xie, Dietmar Dommenget, Felicity S. McCormack, and Andrew N. Mackintosh
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3691–3719, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3691-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3691-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Paleoclimate research requires better numerical model tools to explore interactions among the cryosphere, atmosphere, ocean and land surface. To explore those interactions, this study offers a tool, the GREB-ISM, which can be run for 2 million model years within 1 month on a personal computer. A series of experiments show that the GREB-ISM is able to reproduce the modern ice sheet distribution as well as classic climate oscillation features under paleoclimate conditions.
Lisa Craw, Adam Treverrow, Sheng Fan, Mark Peternell, Sue Cook, Felicity McCormack, and Jason Roberts
The Cryosphere, 15, 2235–2250, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2235-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2235-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ice sheet and ice shelf models rely on data from experiments to accurately represent the way ice moves. Performing experiments at the temperatures and stresses that are generally present in nature takes a long time, and so there are few of these datasets. Here, we test the method of speeding up an experiment by running it initially at a higher temperature, before dropping to a lower target temperature to generate the relevant data. We show that this method can reduce experiment time by 55 %.
Syed Abdul Salam, Jason L. Roberts, Felicity S. McCormack, Richard Coleman, and Jacqueline A. Halpin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-146, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-146, 2020
Publication in ESSD not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate estimates of englacial temperature and geothermal heat flux are incredibly important
for constraining model simulations of ice dynamics (e.g. viscosity is temperature-dependent) and sliding. However, we currently have few direct measurements of vertical temperature (i.e. only at boreholes/ice domes) and geothermal heat flux in Antarctica. This method derives attenuation rates, that can then be mapped directly to englacial temperatures and geothermal heat flux.
Cited articles
Adusumilli, S., Fricker, H. A., Medley, B., Padman, L., and Siegfried, M. R.: Data from: Interannual variations in meltwater input to the Southern Ocean from Antarctic ice shelves, UC San Diego Library Digital Collections [data set], https://doi.org/10.6075/J04Q7SHT, 2020. a
Åkesson, H., Morlighem, M., Nilsson, J., Stranne, C., and Jakobsson, M.: Petermann ice shelf may not recover after a future breakup, Nat. Commun., 13, 2519–2519, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29529-5, 2022. a, b, c
Baldacchino, F., Morlighem, M., Golledge, N. R., Horgan, H., and Malyarenko, A.: Sensitivity of the Ross Ice Shelf to environmental and glaciological controls, The Cryosphere, 16, 3723–3738, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3723-2022, 2022. a, b
Beaud, F., Aati, S., Delaney, I., Adhikari, S., and Avouac, J.-P.: Surge dynamics of Shisper Glacier revealed by time-series correlation of optical satellite images and their utility to substantiate a generalized sliding law, The Cryosphere, 16, 3123–3148, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3123-2022, 2022. a
Blatter, H.: Velocity and stress fields in grounded glaciers: a simple algorithm for including deviatoric stress gradients, J. Glaciol., 41, 333–344, https://doi.org/10.3189/S002214300001621X, 1995. a
Brancato, V., Rignot, E., Milillo, P., Morlighem, M., Mouginot, J., An, L., Scheuchl, B., Jeong, S., Rizzoli, P., Bueso Bello, J. L., and Prats-Iraola, P.: Grounding Line Retreat of Denman Glacier, East Antarctica, Measured With COSMO-SkyMed Radar Interferometry Data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2019GL086291, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086291, 2020. a, b
Budd, W. F., Keage, P., and Blundy, N.: Empirical Studies of Ice Sliding, J. Glaciol., 23, 157–170, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000029804, 1979. a
Bueler, E. and Brown, J.: Shallow Shelf Approximation as a “Sliding Law” in a Thermomechanically Coupled Ice Sheet Model, J. Geophys. Res., 114, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001179, 2009. a, b
Bueler, E. and van Pelt, W.: Mass-conserving subglacial hydrology in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model version 0.6, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1613–1635, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1613-2015, 2015. a, b, c
Choi, Y., Morlighem, M., Rignot, E., and Wood, M.: Ice dynamics will remain a primary driver of Greenland ice sheet mass loss over the next century, Commun. Earth Environ., 2, 26, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00092-z, 2021. a, b
Cook, S. J., Christoffersen, P., and Todd, J.: A Fully-Coupled 3D Model of a Large Greenlandic Outlet Glacier with Evolving Subglacial Hydrology, Frontal Plume Melting and Calving, J. Glaciol., 68, 486–502, 1727–5652, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2021.109, 2022. a, b, c
Cuffey, K. and Paterson, W.: The Physics of Glaciers, Elsevier Science, ISBN 9780123694614, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405906, 2010. a, b, c, d
Dow, C., Werder, M., Babonis, G., Nowicki, S., Walker, R., Csatho, B., Morlighem, M., Dow, C. F., Werder, M. A., Babonis, G., Nowicki, S., Walker, R. T., Csatho, B., and Morlighem, M.: Dynamics of Active Subglacial Lakes in Recovery Ice Stream, J. Geophys. Res., 123, 837–850, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004409, 2018. a, b, c
Dow, C. F.: The role of subglacial hydrology in Antarctic ice sheet dynamics and stability: a modelling perspective, Ann. Glaciol., 63, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2023.9, 2023. a
Dow, C. F., Kavanaugh, J. L., Sanders, J. W., and Cuffey, K. M.: A test of common assumptions used to infer subglacial water flow through overdeepenings, J. Glaciol., 60, 725–734, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG14J027, 2014. a
Dow, C. F., Ross, N., Jeofry, H., Siu, K., and Siegert, M. J.: Antarctic Basal Environment Shaped by High-Pressure Flow through a Subglacial River System, Nat. Geosci., 15, 892–898, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-01059-1, 2022. a, b, c, d
Gagliardini, O., Cohen, D., Raback, P., and Zwinger, T.: Finite-Element Modeling of Subglacial Cavities and Related Friction Law, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 112, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000576, 2007. a, b
Goeller, S., Thoma, M., Grosfeld, K., and Miller, H.: A balanced water layer concept for subglacial hydrology in large-scale ice sheet models, The Cryosphere, 7, 1095–1106, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1095-2013, 2013. a
Greene, C. A.: RAMP Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project, https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/52031-ramp-radarsat-antarctic-mapping-project (last access: 30 October 2022), 2022. a
Greene, C. A., Gwyther, D. E., and Blankenship, D. D.: Antarctic Mapping Tools for Matlab, Comput. Geosci., 104, 151–157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2016.08.003, 2017. a
Hager, A. O., Hoffman, M. J., Price, S. F., and Schroeder, D. M.: Persistent, extensive channelized drainage modeled beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 16, 3575–3599, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3575-2022, 2022. a
Huybrechts, P.: A 3-D model for the Antarctic ice sheet : a sensitivity study on the glacial-interglacial contrast, Clim. Dynam., 5, 79–92, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207423, 1990. a, b
Iken, A.: The Effect of the Subglacial Water Pressure on the Sliding Velocity of a Glacier in an Idealized Numerical Model, J. Glaciol., 27, 407–421, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000011448, 1981. a, b
Iken, A. and Bindschadler, R. A.: Combined Measurments of Subglacial Water-Pressure and Surface Velocity of Findelengletsher, Switzerland, J. Glaciol., 32, 101–119, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000006936, 1986. a, b
Indrigo, C., Dow, C. F., Greenbaum, J. S., and Morlighem, M.: Drygalski Ice Tongue Stability Influenced by Rift Formation and Ice Morphology, J. Glaciol., 67, 243–252, 1727–5652, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.99, 2021. a
ISSM: Ice-sheet and Sea-level System Model, ISSM [code], https://issm.jpl.nasa.gov/download/, last access: 3 March 2023. a
Joughin, I., Smith, B. E., and Schoof, C. G.: Regularized Coulomb Friction Laws for Ice Sheet Sliding: Application to Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 4764–4771, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082526, 2019. a
Kazmierczak, E., Sun, S., Coulon, V., and Pattyn, F.: Subglacial hydrology modulates basal sliding response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate forcing, The Cryosphere, 16, 4537–4552, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4537-2022, 2022. a, b, c, d
Koziol, C. P. and Arnold, N.: Incorporating modelled subglacial hydrology into inversions for basal drag, The Cryosphere, 11, 2783–2797, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2783-2017, 2017. a
Larour, E., Seroussi, H., Morlighem, M., and Rignot, E.: Continental Scale, High Order, High Spatial Resolution, Ice Sheet Modeling Using the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM), J. Geophys. Res., 117, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002140, 2012. a, b
Le Brocq, A., Payne, A., Siegert, M., and Alley, R.: A Subglacial Water-Flow Model for West Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 55, 879–888, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214309790152564, 2009. a
MacAyeal, D.: Large-Scale Ice Flow over a Viscous Basal Sediment: Theory and Application to Ice Stream B, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 4071–4087, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB04p04071, 1989. a
MacAyeal, D. R.: A tutorial on the use of control methods in ice-sheet modeling, J. Glaciol., 39, 91–98, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000015744, 1993. a
Martin, M. A., Winkelmann, R., Haseloff, M., Albrecht, T., Bueler, E., Khroulev, C., and Levermann, A.: The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) – Part 2: Dynamic equilibrium simulation of the Antarctic ice sheet, The Cryosphere, 5, 727–740, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-727-2011, 2011. a
McArthur, K., Dow, C., and McCormack, F.: “Basal conditions of Denman Glacier from glacier hydrology and ice dynamics modeling” datasets, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7709384, 2023. a
McCormack, F. S., Warner, R. C., Seroussi, H., Dow, C. F., Roberts, J. L., and Treverrow, A.: Modeling the Deformation Regime of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, Using a Simple Flow Relation for Ice Anisotropy (ESTAR), J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf., 127, e2021JF006332, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006332, 2022. a
Morland, L. W.: Unconfined Ice-Shelf Flow, in: Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, edited by: Van der Veen, C. J. and Oerlemans, J., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 99–116, ISBN 978-94-009-3745-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3745-1_6, 1987. a
Morlighem, M., Rignot, E., Seroussi, H., Larour, E., Ben Dhia, H., and Aubry, D.: Spatial patterns of basal drag inferred using control methods from a full-Stokes and simpler models for Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043853, 2010. a
Morlighem, M., Seroussi, H., Larour, E., and Rignot, E.: Inversion of Basal Friction in Antarctica Using Exact and Incomplete Adjoints of a Higher-Order Model, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 1746–1753, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20125, 2013. a, b
Mouginot, J., Scheuchl, B., and Rignot, E.: Mapping of Ice Motion in Antarctica Using Synthetic-Aperture Radar Data, Remote Sens.-Basel, 4, 2753–2767, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4092753, 2012. a, b
Mouginot, J., Rignot, E., Scheuchl, B., and Millan, R.: Comprehensive Annual Ice Sheet Velocity Mapping Using Landsat-8, Sentinel-1, and RADARSAT-2 Data, Remote Sens.-Basel, 9, 364, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040364, 2017. a, b
Nienow, P. W., Sole, A. J., Slater, D. A., and Cowton, T. R.: Recent Advances in Our Understanding of the Role of Meltwater in the Greenland Ice Sheet System, Current Climate Change Reports, 3, 330–344, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0083-9, 2017. a, b
Pattyn, F.: A new three-dimensional higher-order thermomechanical ice sheet model: Basic sensitivity, ice stream development, and ice flow across subglacial lakes, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2382, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB002329, 2003. a
Poinar, K., Dow, C. F., and Andrews, L. C.: Long‐Term Support of an Active Subglacial Hydrologic System in Southeast Greenland by Firn Aquifers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 4772–4781, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082786, 2019. a
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: Ice Flow of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, Science, 333, 1427–1430, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1208336, 2011. a, b
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: MEaSUREs InSAR-Based Antarctica Ice Velocity Map, Version 2, Boulder, Colorado USA, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/D7GK8F5J8M8R (last access: 6 October 2021), 2017. a, b, c
Schoof, C.: The Effect of Cavitation on Glacier Sliding, P. Roy. Soc. A, 461, 609–627, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2004.1350, 2005. a, b, c
Schoof, C.: Ice Sheet Grounding Line Dynamics: Steady States, Stability, and Hysteresis, J. Geophys. Res., 112, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000664, 2007. a
Schroeder, D. M., Blankenship, D. D., and Young, D. A.: Evidence for a Water System Transition beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 12225–12228, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302828110, 2013. a
Sergienko, O. V., Creyts, T. T., and Hindmarsh, R. C. A.: Similarity of Organized Patterns in Driving and Basal Stresses of Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets beneath Extensive Areas of Basal Sliding, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 3925–3932, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059976, 2014. a
Seroussi, H.: Results of the initMIP-Antarctica experiments: an ice sheet initialization intercomparison of ISMIP6, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2651652, 2019. a
Seroussi, H., Morlighem, M., Rignot, E., Khazendar, A., Larour, E., and Mouginot, J.: Dependence of century-scale projections of the Greenland ice sheet on its thermal regime, J. Glaciol., 59, 1024–1034, https://doi.org/10.3189/2013jog13j054, 2013. a
Seroussi, H., Nowicki, S., Simon, E., Abe-Ouchi, A., Albrecht, T., Brondex, J., Cornford, S., Dumas, C., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Goelzer, H., Golledge, N. R., Gregory, J. M., Greve, R., Hoffman, M. J., Humbert, A., Huybrechts, P., Kleiner, T., Larour, E., Leguy, G., Lipscomb, W. H., Lowry, D., Mengel, M., Morlighem, M., Pattyn, F., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Price, S. F., Quiquet, A., Reerink, T. J., Reese, R., Rodehacke, C. B., Schlegel, N.-J., Shepherd, A., Sun, S., Sutter, J., Van Breedam, J., van de Wal, R. S. W., Winkelmann, R., and Zhang, T.: initMIP-Antarctica: an ice sheet model initialization experiment of ISMIP6, The Cryosphere, 13, 1441–1471, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1441-2019, 2019. a, b
Utrecht University: Ice and Climate: Polar climate modelling, https://www.projects.science.uu.nl/iceclimate/models/racmo-data.php#totop, last access: 28 October 2021. a
van der Veen, C. J.: Longitudinal Stresses and Basal Sliding: A Comparative Study, in: Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, edited by: Van der Veen, C. J. and Oerlemans, J., Glaciology and Quaternary Geology, 223–248, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, ISBN 978-94-009-3745-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3745-1_13, 1987. a, b
Van der Wal, W., Barnhoorn, A., Stocchi, P., Gradmann, S., Wu, P., ry, M., and Vermeersen, L.: Glacial isostatic adjustment model with composite 3-D Earth rheology for Fennoscandia, Geophys. J. Int., 194, 61–77, 2013. a
van Wessem, J. M., van de Berg, W. J., Noël, B. P. Y., van Meijgaard, E., Amory, C., Birnbaum, G., Jakobs, C. L., Krüger, K., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Lhermitte, S., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Medley, B., Reijmer, C. H., van Tricht, K., Trusel, L. D., van Ulft, L. H., Wouters, B., Wuite, J., and van den Broeke, M. R.: Modelling the climate and surface mass balance of polar ice sheets using RACMO2 – Part 2: Antarctica (1979–2016), The Cryosphere, 12, 1479–1498, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1479-2018, 2018. a, b
Weertman, J.: On the Sliding of Glaciers, J. Glaciol., 3, 33–38, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000024709, 1957. a
Winkelmann, R., Martin, M. A., Haseloff, M., Albrecht, T., Bueler, E., Khroulev, C., and Levermann, A.: The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) – Part 1: Model description, The Cryosphere, 5, 715–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011, 2011. a, b
Yu, H., Rignot, E., Seroussi, H., and Morlighem, M.: Retreat of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, over the next 100 years using various ice flow models, ice shelf melt scenarios and basal friction laws, The Cryosphere, 12, 3861–3876, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3861-2018, 2018. a, b, c, d
Zhao, C., Gladstone, R. M., Warner, R. C., King, M. A., Zwinger, T., and Morlighem, M.: Basal friction of Fleming Glacier, Antarctica – Part 1: Sensitivity of inversion to temperature and bedrock uncertainty, The Cryosphere, 12, 2637–2652, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2637-2018, 2018. a
Short summary
Using subglacial hydrology model outputs for Denman Glacier, East Antarctica, we investigated the effects of various friction laws and effective pressure inputs on ice dynamics modeling over the same glacier. The Schoof friction law outperformed the Budd friction law, and effective pressure outputs from the hydrology model outperformed a typically prescribed effective pressure. We propose an empirical prescription of effective pressure to be used in the absence of hydrology model outputs.
Using subglacial hydrology model outputs for Denman Glacier, East Antarctica, we investigated...
