Articles | Volume 15, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2041-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2041-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Apr 2021
Research article |
| 23 Apr 2021
| 23 Apr 2021
Top-of-permafrost ground ice indicated by remotely sensed late-season subsidence
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
Franz J. Meyer
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
Related authors
Joanmarie Del Vecchio, Emma R. Lathrop, Julian B. Dann, Christian G. Andresen, Adam D. Collins, Michael M. Fratkin, Simon Zwieback, Rachel C. Glade, and Joel C. Rowland
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 227–245, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In cold regions of the Earth, thawing permafrost can change the landscape, impact ecosystems, and lead to the release of greenhouse gases. In this study we used many observational tools to better understand how sediment moves on permafrost hillslopes. Some topographic change conforms to our understanding of slope stability and sediment transport as developed in temperate landscapes, but much of what we observed needs further explanation by permafrost-specific geomorphic models.
Philipp Bernhard, Simon Zwieback, and Irena Hajnsek
The Cryosphere, 16, 2819–2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2819-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2819-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
With climate change, Arctic hillslopes above ice-rich permafrost are vulnerable to enhanced carbon mobilization. In this work elevation change estimates generated from satellite observations reveal a substantial acceleration of carbon mobilization on the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia between 2010 and 2021. The strong increase occurring in 2020 coincided with a severe Siberian heatwave and highlights that carbon mobilization can respond sharply and non-linearly to increasing temperatures.
Philipp Bernhard, Simon Zwieback, Nora Bergner, and Irena Hajnsek
The Cryosphere, 16, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present an investigation of retrogressive thaw slumps in 10 study sites across the Arctic. These slumps have major impacts on hydrology and ecosystems and can also reinforce climate change by the mobilization of carbon. Using time series of digital elevation models, we found that thaw slump change rates follow a specific type of distribution that is known from landslides in more temperate landscapes and that the 2D area change is strongly related to the 3D volumetric change.
Inge Grünberg, Evan J. Wilcox, Simon Zwieback, Philip Marsh, and Julia Boike
Biogeosciences, 17, 4261–4279, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on topsoil temperature data for different vegetation types at a low Arctic tundra site, we found large small-scale variability. Winter temperatures were strongly influenced by vegetation through its effects on snow. Summer temperatures were similar below most vegetation types and not consistently related to late summer permafrost thaw depth. Given that vegetation type defines the relationship between winter and summer soil temperature and thaw depth, it controls permafrost vulnerability.
Simon Zwieback, Andreas Colliander, Michael H. Cosh, José Martínez-Fernández, Heather McNairn, Patrick J. Starks, Marc Thibeault, and Aaron Berg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4473–4489, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4473-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4473-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite soil moisture products can provide critical information on incipient droughts and the interplay between vegetation and water availability. However, time-variant systematic errors in the soil moisture products may impede their usefulness. Using a novel statistical approach, we detect such errors (associated with changing vegetation) in the SMAP soil moisture product. The vegetation-associated biases impede drought detection and the quantification of vegetation–water interactions.
Simon Zwieback, Steven V. Kokelj, Frank Günther, Julia Boike, Guido Grosse, and Irena Hajnsek
The Cryosphere, 12, 549–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-549-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-549-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse elevation losses at thaw slumps, at which icy sediments are exposed. As ice requires a large amount of energy to melt, one would expect that mass wasting is governed by the available energy. However, we observe very little mass wasting in June, despite the ample energy supply. Also, in summer, mass wasting is not always energy limited. This highlights the importance of other processes, such as the formation of a protective veneer, in shaping mass wasting at sub-seasonal scales.
Kel N. Markert, Hyongki Lee, Gustavious P. Williams, E. James Nelson, Daniel P. Ames, Robert E. Griffin, and Franz J. Meyer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3491, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3491, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flooding is a major problem and predicting it accurately over large areas is tough. This study tested a new approach to forecast floods across a large region in the United States. By dividing the area into smaller areas to develop the prediction models and then combining, the method successfully simulated surface water extent for both high and low flow periods. The results were more accurate than existing approaches with similar methods which can improve flood forecasting for larger areas.
Taha Sadeghi Chorsi, Franz J. Meyer, and Timothy H. Dixon
The Cryosphere, 18, 3723–3740, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3723-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3723-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The active layer thaws and freezes seasonally. The annual freeze–thaw cycle of the active layer causes significant surface height changes due to the volume difference between ice and liquid water. We estimate the subsidence rate and active-layer thickness (ALT) for part of northern Alaska for summer 2017 to 2022 using interferometric synthetic aperture radar and lidar. ALT estimates range from ~20 cm to larger than 150 cm in area. Subsidence rate varies between close points (2–18 mm per month).
Jack Tarricone, Ryan W. Webb, Hans-Peter Marshall, Anne W. Nolin, and Franz J. Meyer
The Cryosphere, 17, 1997–2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain snowmelt provides water for billions of people across the globe. Despite its importance, we cannot currently measure the amount of water in mountain snowpacks from satellites. In this research, we test the ability of an experimental snow remote sensing technique from an airplane in preparation for the same sensor being launched on a future NASA satellite. We found that the method worked better than expected for estimating important snowpack properties.
Joanmarie Del Vecchio, Emma R. Lathrop, Julian B. Dann, Christian G. Andresen, Adam D. Collins, Michael M. Fratkin, Simon Zwieback, Rachel C. Glade, and Joel C. Rowland
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 227–245, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In cold regions of the Earth, thawing permafrost can change the landscape, impact ecosystems, and lead to the release of greenhouse gases. In this study we used many observational tools to better understand how sediment moves on permafrost hillslopes. Some topographic change conforms to our understanding of slope stability and sediment transport as developed in temperate landscapes, but much of what we observed needs further explanation by permafrost-specific geomorphic models.
Philipp Bernhard, Simon Zwieback, and Irena Hajnsek
The Cryosphere, 16, 2819–2835, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2819-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2819-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
With climate change, Arctic hillslopes above ice-rich permafrost are vulnerable to enhanced carbon mobilization. In this work elevation change estimates generated from satellite observations reveal a substantial acceleration of carbon mobilization on the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia between 2010 and 2021. The strong increase occurring in 2020 coincided with a severe Siberian heatwave and highlights that carbon mobilization can respond sharply and non-linearly to increasing temperatures.
Philipp Bernhard, Simon Zwieback, Nora Bergner, and Irena Hajnsek
The Cryosphere, 16, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present an investigation of retrogressive thaw slumps in 10 study sites across the Arctic. These slumps have major impacts on hydrology and ecosystems and can also reinforce climate change by the mobilization of carbon. Using time series of digital elevation models, we found that thaw slump change rates follow a specific type of distribution that is known from landslides in more temperate landscapes and that the 2D area change is strongly related to the 3D volumetric change.
Inge Grünberg, Evan J. Wilcox, Simon Zwieback, Philip Marsh, and Julia Boike
Biogeosciences, 17, 4261–4279, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on topsoil temperature data for different vegetation types at a low Arctic tundra site, we found large small-scale variability. Winter temperatures were strongly influenced by vegetation through its effects on snow. Summer temperatures were similar below most vegetation types and not consistently related to late summer permafrost thaw depth. Given that vegetation type defines the relationship between winter and summer soil temperature and thaw depth, it controls permafrost vulnerability.
Dyre O. Dammann, Leif E. B. Eriksson, Son V. Nghiem, Erin C. Pettit, Nathan T. Kurtz, John G. Sonntag, Thomas E. Busche, Franz J. Meyer, and Andrew R. Mahoney
The Cryosphere, 13, 1861–1875, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1861-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1861-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We validate TanDEM-X interferometry as a tool for deriving iceberg subaerial morphology using Operation IceBridge data. This approach enables a volumetric classification of icebergs, according to volume relevant to iceberg drift and decay, freshwater contribution, and potential impact on structures. We find iceberg volumes to generally match within 7 %. These results suggest that TanDEM-X could pave the way for future interferometric systems of scientific and operational iceberg classification.
Dyre Oliver Dammann, Leif E. B. Eriksson, Joshua M. Jones, Andrew R. Mahoney, Roland Romeiser, Franz J. Meyer, Hajo Eicken, and Yasushi Fukamachi
The Cryosphere, 13, 1395–1408, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1395-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1395-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate single-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) as a tool to assess sea ice drift and deformation. Initial validation shows that TanDEM-X phase-derived drift speed corresponds well with ground-based radar-derived motion. We further show that InSAR enables the identification of potentially important short-lived dynamic processes otherwise difficult to observe, with possible implication for engineering and sea ice modeling.
Dyre O. Dammann, Leif E. B. Eriksson, Andrew R. Mahoney, Hajo Eicken, and Franz J. Meyer
The Cryosphere, 13, 557–577, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-557-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-557-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present an approach for mapping bottomfast sea ice and landfast sea ice stability using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry. This is the first comprehensive assessment of Arctic bottomfast sea ice extent with implications for subsea permafrost and marine habitats. Our pan-Arctic analysis also provides a new understanding of sea ice dynamics in five marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean relevant for strategic planning and tactical decision-making for different uses of coastal ice.
Simon Zwieback, Andreas Colliander, Michael H. Cosh, José Martínez-Fernández, Heather McNairn, Patrick J. Starks, Marc Thibeault, and Aaron Berg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4473–4489, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4473-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4473-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite soil moisture products can provide critical information on incipient droughts and the interplay between vegetation and water availability. However, time-variant systematic errors in the soil moisture products may impede their usefulness. Using a novel statistical approach, we detect such errors (associated with changing vegetation) in the SMAP soil moisture product. The vegetation-associated biases impede drought detection and the quantification of vegetation–water interactions.
Simon Zwieback, Steven V. Kokelj, Frank Günther, Julia Boike, Guido Grosse, and Irena Hajnsek
The Cryosphere, 12, 549–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-549-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-549-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse elevation losses at thaw slumps, at which icy sediments are exposed. As ice requires a large amount of energy to melt, one would expect that mass wasting is governed by the available energy. However, we observe very little mass wasting in June, despite the ample energy supply. Also, in summer, mass wasting is not always energy limited. This highlights the importance of other processes, such as the formation of a protective veneer, in shaping mass wasting at sub-seasonal scales.
P. R. Lindgren, G. Grosse, K. M. Walter Anthony, and F. J. Meyer
Biogeosciences, 13, 27–44, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-27-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-27-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We mapped and characterized methane ebullition bubbles trapped in lake ice, and estimated whole-lake methane emission using high-resolution aerial images of a lake acquired following freeze-up. We identified the location and relative sizes of high- and low-flux seepage zones within the lake. A large number of seeps showed spatiotemporal stability over our study period. Our approach is applicable to other regions to improve the estimation of methane emission from lakes at the regional scale.
F. Alshawaf, B. Fersch, S. Hinz, H. Kunstmann, M. Mayer, and F. J. Meyer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 4747–4764, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4747-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4747-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This work aims at deriving high spatially resolved maps of atmospheric water vapor by the fusion data from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The data fusion approach exploits the redundant and complementary spatial properties of all data sets to provide more accurate and high-resolution maps of water vapor. The comparison with maps from MERIS shows rms values of less than 1 mm.
Related subject area
Discipline: Frozen ground | Subject: Remote Sensing
InSAR-derived seasonal subsidence reflects spatial soil moisture patterns in Arctic lowland permafrost regions
Benchmarking passive-microwave-satellite-derived freeze–thaw datasets
Multitemporal UAV lidar detects seasonal heave and subsidence on palsas
Land cover succession for recently drained lakes in permafrost on the Yamal Peninsula, Western Siberia
Toward long-term monitoring of regional permafrost thaw with satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar
Multiple modes of shoreline change along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea observed using ICESat-2 altimetry and satellite imagery
Allometric scaling of retrogressive thaw slumps
Brief communication: Identification of tundra topsoil frozen/thawed state from SMAP and GCOM-W1 radiometer measurements using the spectral gradient method
Bedfast and floating-ice dynamics of thermokarst lakes using a temporal deep-learning mapping approach: case study of the Old Crow Flats, Yukon, Canada
Contribution of ground ice melting to the expansion of Selin Co (lake) on the Tibetan Plateau
Incorporating InSAR kinematics into rock glacier inventories: insights from 11 regions worldwide
Assessing volumetric change distributions and scaling relations of retrogressive thaw slumps across the Arctic
Inventory and changes of rock glacier creep speeds in Ile Alatau and Kungöy Ala-Too, northern Tien Shan, since the 1950s
The catastrophic thermokarst lake drainage events of 2018 in northwestern Alaska: fast-forward into the future
Global Positioning System interferometric reflectometry (GPS-IR) measurements of ground surface elevation changes in permafrost areas in northern Canada
InSAR time series analysis of seasonal surface displacement dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau
Rapid retreat of permafrost coastline observed with aerial drone photogrammetry
Brief communication: Rapid machine-learning-based extraction and measurement of ice wedge polygons in high-resolution digital elevation models
Sensitivity of active-layer freezing process to snow cover in Arctic Alaska
An estimate of ice wedge volume for a High Arctic polar desert environment, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island
Barbara Widhalm, Annett Bartsch, Tazio Strozzi, Nina Jones, Artem Khomutov, Elena Babkina, Marina Leibman, Rustam Khairullin, Mathias Göckede, Helena Bergstedt, Clemens von Baeckmann, and Xaver Muri
The Cryosphere, 19, 1103–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1103-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1103-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mapping soil moisture in Arctic permafrost regions is crucial for various activities, but it is challenging with typical satellite methods due to the landscape's diversity. Seasonal freezing and thawing cause the ground to periodically rise and subside. Our research demonstrates that this seasonal ground settlement, measured with Sentinel-1 satellite data, is larger in areas with wetter soils. This method helps to monitor permafrost degradation.
Annett Bartsch, Xaver Muri, Markus Hetzenecker, Kimmo Rautiainen, Helena Bergstedt, Jan Wuite, Thomas Nagler, and Dmitry Nicolsky
The Cryosphere, 19, 459–483, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-459-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-459-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a robust freeze–thaw detection approach, applying a constant threshold to Copernicus Sentinel-1 data that is suitable for tundra regions. All global, coarser-resolution products, tested with the resulting benchmarking dataset, are of value for freeze–thaw retrieval, although differences were found depending on the seasons, particularly during the spring and autumn transition.
Cas Renette, Mats Olvmo, Sofia Thorsson, Björn Holmer, and Heather Reese
The Cryosphere, 18, 5465–5480, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5465-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5465-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used a drone to monitor seasonal changes in the height of subarctic permafrost mounds (palsas). With five drone flights in 1 year, we found a seasonal fluctuation of ca. 15 cm as a result of freeze–thaw cycles. On one mound, a large area sank down between each flight as a result of permafrost thaw. The approach of using repeated high-resolution scans from such a drone is unique for such environments and highlights its effectiveness in capturing the subtle dynamics of permafrost landscapes.
Clemens von Baeckmann, Annett Bartsch, Helena Bergstedt, Aleksandra Efimova, Barbara Widhalm, Dorothee Ehrich, Timo Kumpula, Alexander Sokolov, and Svetlana Abdulmanova
The Cryosphere, 18, 4703–4722, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4703-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4703-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes are common features in Arctic permafrost areas. Land cover change following their drainage needs to be monitored since it has implications for ecology and the carbon cycle. Satellite data are key in this context. We compared a common vegetation index approach with a novel land-cover-monitoring scheme. Land cover information provides specific information on wetland features. We also showed that the bioclimatic gradients play a significant role after drainage within the first 10 years.
Taha Sadeghi Chorsi, Franz J. Meyer, and Timothy H. Dixon
The Cryosphere, 18, 3723–3740, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3723-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3723-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The active layer thaws and freezes seasonally. The annual freeze–thaw cycle of the active layer causes significant surface height changes due to the volume difference between ice and liquid water. We estimate the subsidence rate and active-layer thickness (ALT) for part of northern Alaska for summer 2017 to 2022 using interferometric synthetic aperture radar and lidar. ALT estimates range from ~20 cm to larger than 150 cm in area. Subsidence rate varies between close points (2–18 mm per month).
Marnie B. Bryant, Adrian A. Borsa, Claire C. Masteller, Roger J. Michaelides, Matthew R. Siegfried, Adam P. Young, and Eric J. Anderson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1656, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1656, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measure shoreline change across a 7-km stretch of coastline on the Alaskan Beaufort Sea Coast between 2019–2022 using multispectral imagery from Planet and satellite altimetry from ICESat-2. We find that shoreline change rates are high and variable, and that different shoreline types show distinct patterns of change in shoreline position and topography. We discuss how the observed changes may be driven by both time-varying ocean and air conditions and spatial variations in morphology.
Jurjen van der Sluijs, Steven V. Kokelj, and Jon F. Tunnicliffe
The Cryosphere, 17, 4511–4533, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4511-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4511-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is an urgent need to obtain size and erosion estimates of climate-driven landslides, such as retrogressive thaw slumps. We evaluated surface interpolation techniques to estimate slump erosional volumes and developed a new inventory method by which the size and activity of these landslides are tracked through time. Models between slump area and volume reveal non-linear intensification, whereby model coefficients improve our understanding of how permafrost landscapes may evolve over time.
Konstantin Muzalevskiy, Zdenek Ruzicka, Alexandre Roy, Michael Loranty, and Alexander Vasiliev
The Cryosphere, 17, 4155–4164, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4155-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4155-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new all-weather method for determining the frozen/thawed (FT) state of soils in the Arctic region based on satellite data was proposed. The method is based on multifrequency measurement of brightness temperatures by the SMAP and GCOM-W1/AMSR2 satellites. The created method was tested at sites in Canada, Finland, Russia, and the USA, based on climatic weather station data. The proposed method identifies the FT state of Arctic soils with better accuracy than existing methods.
Maria Shaposhnikova, Claude Duguay, and Pascale Roy-Léveillée
The Cryosphere, 17, 1697–1721, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1697-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explore lake ice in the Old Crow Flats, Yukon, Canada, using a novel approach that employs radar imagery and deep learning. Results indicate an 11 % increase in the fraction of lake ice that grounds between 1992/1993 and 2020/2021. We believe this is caused by widespread lake drainage and fluctuations in water level and snow depth. This transition is likely to have implications for permafrost beneath the lakes, with a potential impact on methane ebullition and the regional carbon budget.
Lingxiao Wang, Lin Zhao, Huayun Zhou, Shibo Liu, Erji Du, Defu Zou, Guangyue Liu, Yao Xiao, Guojie Hu, Chong Wang, Zhe Sun, Zhibin Li, Yongping Qiao, Tonghua Wu, Chengye Li, and Xubing Li
The Cryosphere, 16, 2745–2767, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2745-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2745-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Selin Co has exhibited the greatest increase in water storage among all the lakes on the Tibetan Plateau in the past decades. This study presents the first attempt to quantify the water contribution of ground ice melting to the expansion of Selin Co by evaluating the ground surface deformation since terrain surface settlement provides a
windowto detect the subsurface ground ice melting. Results reveal that ground ice meltwater contributed ~ 12 % of the lake volume increase during 2017–2020.
Aldo Bertone, Chloé Barboux, Xavier Bodin, Tobias Bolch, Francesco Brardinoni, Rafael Caduff, Hanne H. Christiansen, Margaret M. Darrow, Reynald Delaloye, Bernd Etzelmüller, Ole Humlum, Christophe Lambiel, Karianne S. Lilleøren, Volkmar Mair, Gabriel Pellegrinon, Line Rouyet, Lucas Ruiz, and Tazio Strozzi
The Cryosphere, 16, 2769–2792, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2769-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2769-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the guidelines developed by the IPA Action Group and within the ESA Permafrost CCI project to include InSAR-based kinematic information in rock glacier inventories. Nine operators applied these guidelines to 11 regions worldwide; more than 3600 rock glaciers are classified according to their kinematics. We test and demonstrate the feasibility of applying common rules to produce homogeneous kinematic inventories at global scale, useful for hydrological and climate change purposes.
Philipp Bernhard, Simon Zwieback, Nora Bergner, and Irena Hajnsek
The Cryosphere, 16, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present an investigation of retrogressive thaw slumps in 10 study sites across the Arctic. These slumps have major impacts on hydrology and ecosystems and can also reinforce climate change by the mobilization of carbon. Using time series of digital elevation models, we found that thaw slump change rates follow a specific type of distribution that is known from landslides in more temperate landscapes and that the 2D area change is strongly related to the 3D volumetric change.
Andreas Kääb, Tazio Strozzi, Tobias Bolch, Rafael Caduff, Håkon Trefall, Markus Stoffel, and Alexander Kokarev
The Cryosphere, 15, 927–949, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a map of rock glacier motion over parts of the northern Tien Shan and time series of surface speed for six of them over almost 70 years.
This is by far the most detailed investigation of this kind available for central Asia.
We detect a 2- to 4-fold increase in rock glacier motion between the 1950s and present, which we attribute to atmospheric warming.
Relative to the shrinking glaciers in the region, this implies increased importance of periglacial sediment transport.
Ingmar Nitze, Sarah W. Cooley, Claude R. Duguay, Benjamin M. Jones, and Guido Grosse
The Cryosphere, 14, 4279–4297, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4279-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4279-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In summer 2018, northwestern Alaska was affected by widespread lake drainage which strongly exceeded previous observations. We analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns with remote sensing observations, weather data and lake-ice simulations. The preceding fall and winter season was the second warmest and wettest on record, causing the destabilization of permafrost and elevated water levels which likely led to widespread and rapid lake drainage during or right after ice breakup.
Jiahua Zhang, Lin Liu, and Yufeng Hu
The Cryosphere, 14, 1875–1888, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1875-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1875-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ground surface in permafrost areas undergoes uplift and subsides seasonally due to freezing–thawing active layer. Surface elevation change serves as an indicator of frozen-ground dynamics. In this study, we identify 12 GPS stations across the Canadian Arctic, which are useful for measuring elevation changes by using reflected GPS signals. Measurements span from several years to over a decade and at daily intervals and help to reveal frozen ground dynamics at various temporal and spatial scales.
Eike Reinosch, Johannes Buckel, Jie Dong, Markus Gerke, Jussi Baade, and Björn Riedel
The Cryosphere, 14, 1633–1650, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1633-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1633-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this research we present the results of our satellite analysis of a permafrost landscape and periglacial landforms in mountainous regions on the Tibetan Plateau. We study seasonal and multiannual surface displacement processes, such as the freezing and thawing of the ground, seasonally accelerated sliding on steep slopes, and continuous permafrost creep. This study is the first step of our goal to create an inventory of actively moving landforms within the Nyainqêntanglha range.
Andrew M. Cunliffe, George Tanski, Boris Radosavljevic, William F. Palmer, Torsten Sachs, Hugues Lantuit, Jeffrey T. Kerby, and Isla H. Myers-Smith
The Cryosphere, 13, 1513–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1513-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1513-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Episodic changes of permafrost coastlines are poorly understood in the Arctic. By using drones, satellite images, and historic photos we surveyed a permafrost coastline on Qikiqtaruk – Herschel Island. We observed short-term coastline retreat of 14.5 m per year (2016–2017), exceeding long-term average rates of 2.2 m per year (1952–2017). Our study highlights the value of these tools to assess understudied episodic changes of eroding permafrost coastlines in the context of a warming Arctic.
Charles J. Abolt, Michael H. Young, Adam L. Atchley, and Cathy J. Wilson
The Cryosphere, 13, 237–245, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-237-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-237-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a workflow that uses a machine-learning algorithm known as a convolutional neural network (CNN) to rapidly delineate ice wedge polygons in high-resolution topographic datasets. Our workflow permits thorough assessments of polygonal microtopography at the kilometer scale or greater, which can improve understanding of landscape hydrology and carbon budgets. We demonstrate that a single CNN can be trained to delineate polygons with high accuracy in diverse tundra settings.
Yonghong Yi, John S. Kimball, Richard H. Chen, Mahta Moghaddam, and Charles E. Miller
The Cryosphere, 13, 197–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-197-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-197-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand active-layer freezing process and its climate sensitivity, we developed a new 1 km snow data set for permafrost modeling and used the model simulations with multiple new in situ and P-band radar data sets to characterize the soil freeze onset and duration of zero curtain in Arctic Alaska. Results show that zero curtains of upper soils are primarily affected by early snow cover accumulation, while zero curtains of deeper soils are more closely related to maximum thaw depth.
Claire Bernard-Grand'Maison and Wayne Pollard
The Cryosphere, 12, 3589–3604, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3589-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3589-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a first approximation of the volume of ice in ice wedges, a ground-ice feature in permafrost for a High Arctic polar desert region. We demonstrate that Geographical Information System analyses can be used on satellite images to estimate ice wedge volume. We estimate that 3.81 % of the top 5.9 m of permafrost could be ice-wedge ice on the Fosheim Peninsula. In response to climate change, melting ice wedges will result in widespread terrain disturbance in this region.
Cited articles
Antonova, S., Sudhaus, H., Strozzi, T., Zwieback, S., Kääb, A., Heim,
B., Langer, M., Bornemann, N., and Boike, J.: Thaw subsidence of a yedoma
landscape in northern Siberia, measured in situ and estimated from
TerraSAR-X interferometry, Remote Sensing, 10, 494, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040494, 2018. a
Bartsch, A., Leibman, M., Strozzi, T., Khomutov, A., Widhalm, B., Babkina, E.,
Mullanurov, D., Ermokhina, K., Kroisleitner, C., and Bergstedt, H.: Seasonal
Progression of Ground Displacement Identified with Satellite Radar
Interferometry and the Impact of Unusually Warm Conditions on Permafrost at
the Yamal Peninsula in 2016, Remote Sensing, 11, 1865,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11161865, 2019. a, b, c
Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Lanari, R., and Sansosti, E.: A new algorithm for
surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR
interferograms, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 40,
2375–2383, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.803792, 2002. a, b, c
Borge, A. F., Westermann, S., Solheim, I., and Etzelmüller, B.: Strong degradation of palsas and peat plateaus in northern Norway during the last 60 years, The Cryosphere, 11, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1-2017, 2017. a
Box, J. E., Colgan, W. T., Christensen, T. R., Schmidt, N. M., Lund, M.,
Parmentier, F.-J. W., Brown, R., Bhatt, U. S., Euskirchen, E. S., Romanovsky,
V. E., Walsh, J. E., Overland, J. E., Wang, M., Corell, R. W., Meier, W. N.,
Wouters, B., Mernild, S., Mård, J., Pawlak, J., and Olsen, M. S.: Key
indicators of Arctic climate change: 1971–2017, Environ.
Res. Lett., 14, 045010, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aafc1b, 2019. a
Burn, C. R.: Cryostratigraphy, paleogeography, and climate change during the
early Holocene warm interval, western Arctic coast, Canada, Can.
J. Earth Sci., 34, 912–925, https://doi.org/10.1139/e17-076, 1997. a
Chen, C. W. and Zebker, H. A.: Two-dimensional phase unwrapping with use of
statistical models for cost functions in nonlinear optimization, J. Opt. Soc.
Am. A, 18, 338–351, https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.18.000338, 2001. a
Chen, J., Günther, F., Grosse, G., Liu, L., and Lin, H.: Sentinel-1
InSAR Measurements of Elevation Changes over Yedoma Uplands on
Sobo-Sise Island, Lena Delta, Remote Sensing, 10, 1152, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10071152, 2018. a
Chen, J., Wu, Y., O'Connor, M., Cardenas, M. B., Schaefer, K., Michaelides, R.,
and Kling, G.: Active layer freeze-thaw and water storage dynamics in
permafrost environments inferred from InSAR, Remote Sens. Environ.,
248, 112007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112007, 2020. a, b
Connon, R., Devoie, É., Hayashi, M., Veness, T., and Quinton, W.: The
influence of shallow taliks on permafrost thaw and active layer dynamics in
subarctic Canada, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 123,
281–297, 2018. a
De Zan, F., Zonno, M., and Lopez-Dekker, P.: Phase Inconsistencies and
Multiple Scattering in SAR Interferometry, IEEE T. Geosci.
Remote, 53, 6608–6616, 2015. a
Dredge, L. A., Kerr, D. E., and Wolfe, S. A.: Surficial materials and related
ground ice conditions, Slave Province, N.W.T., Canada, Can.
J. Earth Sci., 36, 1227–1238, https://doi.org/10.1139/e98-087, 1999. a, b
Farquharson, L., Mann, D., Grosse, G., Jones, B., and Romanovsky, V.: Spatial
distribution of thermokarst terrain in Arctic Alaska, Geomorphology, 273,
116–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.007, 2016. a, b
French, H. and Shur, Y.: The principles of cryostratigraphy, Earth-Sci.
Rev., 101, 190–206,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.04.002, 2010. a, b, c
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L.,
Randles, C. A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M. G., Reichle, R., Wargan, K.,
Coy, L., Cullather, R., Draper, C., Akella, S., Buchard, V., Conaty, A.,
da Silva, A. M., Gu, W., Kim, G.-K., Koster, R., Lucchesi, R., Merkova, D.,
Nielsen, J. E., Partyka, G., Pawson, S., Putman, W., Rienecker, M., Schubert,
S. D., Sienkiewicz, M., and Zhao, B.: The Modern-Era Retrospective
Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), J. Climate, 30, 5419–5454, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1, 2017. a
Global Modeling and Assimilation Office: MERRA-2 statD_2d_slv_Nx: 2d,
Daily, Aggregated Statistics, Single-Level, Assimilation, Single-Level
Diagnostics, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center,
https://doi.org/10.5067/9SC1VNTWGWV3, 2020. a, b
Gruber, S.: Ground subsidence and heave over permafrost: hourly time series reveal interannual, seasonal and shorter-term movement caused by freezing, thawing and water movement, The Cryosphere, 14, 1437–1447, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1437-2020, 2020. a
Heginbottom, J. A.: Permafrost mapping: a review, Prog. Phys.
Geog., 26, 623–642,
https://doi.org/10.1191/0309133302pp355ra, 2002. a, b, c
Iwahana, G., Uchida, M., Liu, L., Gong, W., Meyer, F. J., Guritz, R.,
Yamanokuchi, T., and Hinzman, L.: InSAR detection and field evidence for
thermokarst after a tundra wildfire, using ALOS-PALSAR, Remote Sensing, 8, 218, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8030218, 2016. a, b
Jorgenson, J. C., Hoef, J. M. V., and Jorgenson, M. T.: Long-term recovery
patterns of arctic tundra after winter seismic exploration, Ecol.
Appl., 20, 205–221, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-1856.1,
2010. a
Jorgenson, M., Yoshikawa, K., Kanevskiy, M., Shur, Y., Romanovsky, V.,
Marchenko, S.and Grosse, G., Brown, J., and Jones, B.: Permafrost
characteristics of Alaska, in: Proceedings of the Ninth International
Conference on Permafrost, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 121–122, 2008. a, b
Jorgenson, M. T., Shur, Y. L., and Pullman, E. R.: Abrupt increase in
permafrost degradation in Arctic Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
33, L02503, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024960, 2006. a
Jorgenson, M. T., Romanovsky, V., Harden, J., Shur, Y., O’Donnell, J.,
Schuur, E. A. G., Kanevskiy, M., and Marchenko, S.: Resilience and
vulnerability of permafrost to climate change, Can. J. Forest
Res., 40, 1219–1236, https://doi.org/10.1139/X10-060, 2010. a, b, c
Jorgenson, M. T., Kanevskiy, M., Shur, Y., Moskalenko, N., Brown, D. R. N.,
Wickland, K., Striegl, R., and Koch, J.: Role of ground ice dynamics and
ecological feedbacks in recent ice wedge degradation and stabilization,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 120, 2280–2297,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003602, 2015. a, b
Kanevskiy, M., Jorgenson, T., Shur, Y., O'Donnell, J. A., Harden, J. W.,
Zhuang, Q., and Fortier, D.: Cryostratigraphy and Permafrost Evolution in the
Lacustrine Lowlands of West-Central Alaska, Permafrost Periglac., 25, 14–34, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1800, 2014. a
Kanevskiy, M., Shur, Y., Jorgenson, T., Brown, D. R., Moskalenko, N., Brown,
J., Walker, D. A., Raynolds, M. K., and Buchhorn, M.: Degradation and
stabilization of ice wedges: Implications for assessing risk of thermokarst
in northern Alaska, Geomorphology, 297, 20–42,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.09.001, 2017. a, b, c
Kokelj, S. V. and Jorgenson, M. T.: Advances in Thermokarst Research,
Permafrost Periglac., 24, 108–119, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1779,
2013. a, b
Kokelj, S. V., Lantz, T. C., Tunnicliffe, J., Segal, R., and Lacelle, D.:
Climate-driven thaw of permafrost preserved glacial landscapes, northwestern
Canada, Geology, 45, 371–374, https://doi.org/10.1130/G38626.1, 2017. a
Lewkowicz, A. G.: A solifluction meter for permafrost sites, Permafrost
Periglac., 3, 11–18, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430030103, 1992. a
Mackay, J. R.: The Growth of Pingos, Western Arctic Coast, Canada, Canadian
J. Earth Sci., 10, 979–1004, https://doi.org/10.1139/e73-086, 1973. a
Mackay, J. R.: Active layer slope movement in a continuous permafrost
environment, Garry Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, Canadian
J. Earth Sci., 18, 1666–1680, https://doi.org/10.1139/e81-154, 1981. a
Mackay, J. R.: Downward water movement into frozen ground, western arctic
coast, Canada, Can. J. Earth Sci., 20, 120–134,
https://doi.org/10.1139/e83-012, 1983. a
Mackay, J. R.: Some observations on the growth and deformation of epigenetic,
syngenetic and anti-syngenetic ice wedges, Permafrost Periglac., 1, 15–29, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430010104, 1990. a
Matsuoka, N.: Solifluction rates, processes and landforms: a global review,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 55, 107–134,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00057-5, 2001. a
Melvin, A. M., Larsen, P., Boehlert, B., Neumann, J. E., Chinowsky, P.,
Espinet, X., Martinich, J., Baumann, M. S., Rennels, L., Bothner, A.,
Nicolsky, D. J., and Marchenko, S. S.: Climate change damages to Alaska
public infrastructure and the economics of proactive adaptation, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, E122–E131,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611056113, 2017. a
Morgenstern, N. R. and Nixon, J. F.: One-dimensional Consolidation of Thawing
Soils, Can. Geotech. J., 8, 558–565, https://doi.org/10.1139/t71-057,
1971. a, b, c
O'Neill, H. B., Wolfe, S. A., and Duchesne, C.: New ground ice maps for Canada using a paleogeographic modelling approach, The Cryosphere, 13, 753–773, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-753-2019, 2019. a, b
Osterkamp, T. E., Viereck, L., Shur, Y., Jorgenson, M. T., Racine, C., Doyle,
A., and Boone, R. D.: Observations of Thermokarst and Its Impact on Boreal
Forests in Alaska, U.S.A., Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 32,
303–315, 2000. a
Paul, J. R., Kokelj, S. V., and Baltzer, J. L.: Spatial and stratigraphic
variation of near-surface ground ice in discontinuous permafrost of the
Taiga Shield, Permafrost Periglac., 32, 3–18,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2085, 2021. a, b, c, d
Pollard, W. H. and French, H. M.: A first approximation of the volume of ground
ice, Richards Island, Pleistocene Mackenzie delta, Northwest
Territories, Canada, Can. Geotech. J., 17, 509–516,
https://doi.org/10.1139/t80-059, 1980. a
Prowse, T. D., Furgal, C., Melling, H., and Smith, S. L.: Implications of
Climate Change for Northern Canada: The Physical Environment, AMBIO, 38, 266–271,
https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-38.5.266, 2009. a
Reger, R. and Solie, D.: Reconnaissance interpretation of permafrost, Alaska
Highway corridor, Delta Junction to Dot Lake, Alaska: Preliminary
Interpretive Report, Tech. Rep. 2008-3C, State of Alaska, Department of
Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys,
https://doi.org/10.14509/17621, 2008. a, b, c, d, e
Rizzoli, P., Martone, M., Gonzalez, C., Wecklich, C., Borla Tridon, D.,
Bräutigam, B., Bachmann, M., Schulze, D., Fritz, T., Huber, M., Wessel, B.,
Krieger, G., Zink, M., and Moreira, A.: Generation and performance assessment
of the global TanDEM-X digital elevation model, ISPRS J.
Photogramm., 132, 119–139,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.08.008, 2017. a
Robinson, S. D. and Pollard, W. H.: Massive ground ice within Eureka Sound
Bedrock, Ellesmere Island, Canada, in: Proceedings of the 7th
InternationalConference On Permafrost, Yellowknife, Canada, 1998. a
Romanovsky, V. E., Drozdov, D. S., Oberman, N. G., Malkova, G. V., Kholodov,
A. L., Marchenko, S. S., Moskalenko, N. G., Sergeev, D. O., Ukraintseva,
N. G., Abramov, A. A., Gilichinsky, D. A., and Vasiliev, A. A.: Thermal state
of permafrost in Russia, Permafrost Periglac., 21,
136–155, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.683, 2010. a
Roulet, N. T.: Surface Level and Water Table Fluctuations in a Subarctic Fen,
Arctic Alpine Res., 23, 303–310, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551608, 1991. a
Rouyet, L., Lauknes, T. R., Christiansen, H. H., Strand, S. M., and Larsen, Y.:
Seasonal dynamics of a permafrost landscape, Adventdalen, Svalbard,
investigated by InSAR, Remote Sens. Environ., 231, 111236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111236, 2019. a
Scheiber, R. and Moreira, A.: Coregistration of interferometric SAR images
using spectral diversity, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote,
38, 2179–2191, 2000. a
Segal, R. A., Lantz, T. C., and Kokelj, S. V.: Acceleration of thaw slump
activity in glaciated landscapes of the Western Canadian Arctic,
Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 034025, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/3/034025,
2016. a
Shiklomanov, N., Streletskiy, D., Nelson, F., Hollister, R., Romanovsky, V.,
Tweedie, C., Bockheim, J., and Brown, J.: Decadal variations of active-layer
thickness in moisture-controlled landscapes, Barrow, Alaska, J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 115, G00I04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001248, 2010.
a, b
Shiklomanov, N. I., Streletskiy, D. A., Little, J. D., and Nelson, F. E.:
Isotropic thaw subsidence in undisturbed permafrost landscapes, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 40, 6356–6361, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058295, 2013. a
Shur, Y., Hinkel, K. M., and Nelson, F. E.: The transient layer: implications
for geocryology and climate-change science, Permafrost Periglac., 16, 5–17, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.518, 2005. a, b, c
Stephens, J. C., Allen Jr, L., and Chen, E.: Organic soil subsidence, Reviews
in Engineering Geology, 6, 107–122, 1984. a
Torres, R., Snoeij, P., Geudtner, D., Bibby, D., Davidson, M., Attema, E.,
Potin, P., Rommen, B., Floury, N., Brown, M., Traver, I. N., Deghaye, P.,
Duesmann, B., Rosich, B., Miranda, N., Bruno, C., L'Abbate, M., Croci, R.,
Pietropaolo, A., Huchler, M., and Rostan, F.: GMES Sentinel-1 mission,
Remote Sens. Environ., 120, 9–24,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.05.028, 2012. a, b, c
Tough, R., Blacknell, D., and Quegan, S.: A statistical description of
polarimetric and interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Proc. R. Soc.
Lond. A, 449, 567–589, 1995. a
Wang, L., Marzahn, P., Bernier, M., and Ludwig, R.: Sentinel-1 InSAR
measurements of deformation over discontinuous permafrost terrain, Northern
Quebec, Canada, Remote Sens. Environ., 248, 111965,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111965, 2020. a, b
Zhang, J., Liu, L., and Hu, Y.: Global Positioning System interferometric reflectometry (GPS-IR) measurements of ground surface elevation changes in permafrost areas in northern Canada, The Cryosphere, 14, 1875–1888, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1875-2020, 2020. a
Zhang, W., Witharana, C., Liljedahl, A. K., and Kanevskiy, M.: Deep
Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Characterization of Arctic
Ice-Wedge Polygons in Very High Spatial Resolution Aerial Imagery, Remote
Sensing, 10, 1487, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091487, 2018. a
Zwieback, S.: Kivalina ground ice map (Version 1.0), Zenodo,
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4072407, 2020a. a, b
Zwieback, S.: Kivalina subsidence observations (Version 1.0), Zenodo,
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4072257, 2020b. a
Zwieback, S. and Hajnsek, I.: Influence of vegetation growth on the
polarimetric DInSAR phase diversity – implications for deformation
studies, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 54, 3070–3082, 2016. a
Zwieback, S., Hensley, S., and Hajnsek, I.: Soil Moisture Estimation Using
Differential Radar Interferometry: Toward Separating Soil Moisture and
Displacements, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 55,
5069–5083, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2702099, 2017. a
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(10360 KB) - Full-text XML
- Corrigendum
-
Supplement
(1639 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
Short summary
Thawing of ice-rich permafrost leads to subsidence and slumping, which can compromise Arctic infrastructure. However, we lack fine-scale maps of permafrost ground ice, chiefly because it is usually invisible at the surface. We show that subsidence at the end of summer serves as a
fingerprintwith which near-surface permafrost ground ice can be identified. As this can be done with satellite data, this method may help improve ground ice maps and thus sustainably steward the Arctic.
Thawing of ice-rich permafrost leads to subsidence and slumping, which can compromise Arctic...
