Articles | Volume 15, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2041-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2041-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Apr 2021
Research article |
| 23 Apr 2021
| 23 Apr 2021
Top-of-permafrost ground ice indicated by remotely sensed late-season subsidence
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
Franz J. Meyer
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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Cited
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Multitemporal UAV lidar detects seasonal heave and subsidence on palsas C. Renette et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5465-2024
- Ground surface deformation in permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A review S. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105109
- Estimating permafrost ice content from independent frequency inversion of high-frequency IP Data: a case study from Heliport Mire, Abisko, Sweden M. Sugand et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggag029
- Ground Surface Displacement After a Forest Fire Near Mayya, Eastern Siberia, Using InSAR: Observation and Implication for Geophysical Modeling T. Abe et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002476
- Thawing permafrost is subsiding in the Northern Hemisphere—review and perspectives D. Streletskiy et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ada2ff
- Arctic geohazard mapping tools for civil infrastructure planning: A systematic review Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.103969
- 多年冻土过渡带研究进展与展望 D. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2024.075
- Seasonal Surface Subsidence and Frost Heave Detected by C-Band DInSAR in a High Arctic Environment, Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut, Canada G. Robson et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132505
- Arctic ice-wedge landscape mapping by CNN using a fusion of Radarsat constellation Mission and ArcticDEM M. Merchant et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114052
- Abrupt thaw and its effects on permafrost carbon emissions in the Tibetan Plateau: A remote sensing and modeling perspective Y. Yi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105020
- Near-surface ground ice map of the Northern Hemisphere B. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2026.02.028
- Monitoring Roadbed Stability in Permafrost Area of Qinghai–Tibet Railway by MT-InSAR Technology H. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020474
- Contribution of ground ice melting to the expansion of Selin Co (lake) on the Tibetan Plateau L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2745-2022
- The Potential of UAV Imagery for the Detection of Rapid Permafrost Degradation: Assessing the Impacts on Critical Arctic Infrastructure S. Kaiser et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236107
- Observation of spatial and temporal patterns of seasonal ground deformation in central Yakutia using time series InSAR data in the freezing season Y. Jung et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113615
- Permafrost thaw sensitivity prediction using surficial geology, topography, and remote-sensing imagery: a data-driven neural network approach G. Oldenborger et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2021-0117
- Quantification of Water Released by Thawing Permafrost in the Source Region of the Yangtze River on the Tibetan Plateau by InSAR Monitoring L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR034451
- Imaging permafrost active layer thickness under forest for climate model improvement F. Garestier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2023.103582
- Increased Water Content in the Active Layer Revealed by Regional‐Scale InSAR and Independent Component Analysis on the Central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097586
- Reliable InSAR Phase History Uncertainty Estimates S. Zwieback & F. Meyer https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2022.3146816
- Observing Seasonal Variabilities of a Permafrost Landscape With PolSAR, InSAR and Pol-InSAR P. Saporta et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3551422
- Ecophysical dynamics of beaver ponds in Arctic Alaska: Implications for permafrost, aquatic habitat, and water quality T. Glass et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70371
- Permafrost thaw subsidence, sea-level rise, and erosion are transforming Alaska’s Arctic coastal zone R. Creel et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2409411121
- The Predictive Skill of a Remote Sensing-Based Machine Learning Model for Ice Wedge and Visible Ground Ice Identification in Western Arctic Canada Q. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17071245
- Permafrost Monitoring from Space A. Bartsch et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-023-09770-3
- Long-term settlement of icy debris flow deposits: Process, underlying mechanisms and analysis model R. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.12.050
- Permafrost and Freshwater Systems in the Arctic as Tipping Elements of the Climate System V. Brovkin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09885-9
- InSAR sensitivity to active layer ground ice content in Adventdalen, Svalbard L. Wendt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1179-2026
- Patterns and rates of soil movement and shallow failures across several small watersheds on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska J. Del Vecchio et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-227-2023
- Seasonal InSAR Displacements Documenting the Active Layer Freeze and Thaw Progression in Central-Western Spitsbergen, Svalbard L. Rouyet et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152977
- Spatial Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Permafrost Deformation in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed Through InSAR Measurements Z. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3664223
- Magnitudes and patterns of large-scale permafrost ground deformation revealed by Sentinel-1 InSAR on the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112778
- Permafrost and wildfire carbon emissions indicate need for additional action to keep Paris Agreement temperature goals within reach C. Schädel et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03189-5
- The ground ice melting has accelerated the lake expansion in the hinterland of the permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau S. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102268
- Thermokarst Landscape Development Detected by Multiple-Geospatial Data in Churapcha, Eastern Siberia Y. Iijima et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.750298
- Degradation and local growth of “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost responding to climate warming and the consequences Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104865
- High-resolution InSAR regional soil water storage mapping above permafrost Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3481-2025
- Landform mapping, elevation modelling, and thaw subsidence estimation for permafrost terrain using a consumer-grade remotely-piloted aircraft G. Oldenborger et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/dsa-2021-0045
- Very high resolution aerial image orthomosaics, point clouds, and elevation datasets of select permafrost landscapes in Alaska and northwestern Canada T. Rettelbach et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5767-2024
- Tracking land surface deformation in lowland permafrost regions across the Arctic exploiting the first decade of Copernicus Sentinel-1 A. Bartsch et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115409
- Thaw-Season InSAR Surface Displacements and Frost Susceptibility Mapping to Support Community-Scale Planning in Ilulissat, West Greenland J. Scheer et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133310
- Excess Ground Ice Profiles in Continuous Permafrost Mapped From InSAR Subsidence S. Zwieback et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035331
- Comparing thaw probing, electrical resistivity tomography, and airborne lidar to quantify lateral and vertical thaw in rapidly degrading boreal permafrost T. Douglas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3991-2025
- InSAR estimates of excess ground ice concentrations near the permafrost table S. Zwieback et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2025.03.004
- Disparate permafrost terrain changes after a large flood observed from space S. Zwieback et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2208
- Multi-Dimensional Remote Sensing Analysis Documents Beaver-Induced Permafrost Degradation, Seward Peninsula, Alaska B. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234863
- Rapid recovery from permafrost thaw subsidence after extreme warmth inferred from InSAR J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae4fe5
- Hillslope‐Channel Transitions and the Role of Water Tracks in a Changing Permafrost Landscape J. Del Vecchio et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JF007156
- Permafrost Ground Ice Melting and Deformation Time Series Revealed by Sentinel-1 InSAR in the Tanggula Mountain Region on the Tibetan Plateau L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040811
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Multitemporal UAV lidar detects seasonal heave and subsidence on palsas C. Renette et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5465-2024
- Ground surface deformation in permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A review S. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105109
- Estimating permafrost ice content from independent frequency inversion of high-frequency IP Data: a case study from Heliport Mire, Abisko, Sweden M. Sugand et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggag029
- Ground Surface Displacement After a Forest Fire Near Mayya, Eastern Siberia, Using InSAR: Observation and Implication for Geophysical Modeling T. Abe et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002476
- Thawing permafrost is subsiding in the Northern Hemisphere—review and perspectives D. Streletskiy et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ada2ff
- Arctic geohazard mapping tools for civil infrastructure planning: A systematic review Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.103969
- 多年冻土过渡带研究进展与展望 D. Luo et al. https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2024.075
- Seasonal Surface Subsidence and Frost Heave Detected by C-Band DInSAR in a High Arctic Environment, Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut, Canada G. Robson et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13132505
- Arctic ice-wedge landscape mapping by CNN using a fusion of Radarsat constellation Mission and ArcticDEM M. Merchant et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114052
- Abrupt thaw and its effects on permafrost carbon emissions in the Tibetan Plateau: A remote sensing and modeling perspective Y. Yi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105020
- Near-surface ground ice map of the Northern Hemisphere B. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2026.02.028
- Monitoring Roadbed Stability in Permafrost Area of Qinghai–Tibet Railway by MT-InSAR Technology H. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020474
- Contribution of ground ice melting to the expansion of Selin Co (lake) on the Tibetan Plateau L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2745-2022
- The Potential of UAV Imagery for the Detection of Rapid Permafrost Degradation: Assessing the Impacts on Critical Arctic Infrastructure S. Kaiser et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14236107
- Observation of spatial and temporal patterns of seasonal ground deformation in central Yakutia using time series InSAR data in the freezing season Y. Jung et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113615
- Permafrost thaw sensitivity prediction using surficial geology, topography, and remote-sensing imagery: a data-driven neural network approach G. Oldenborger et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2021-0117
- Quantification of Water Released by Thawing Permafrost in the Source Region of the Yangtze River on the Tibetan Plateau by InSAR Monitoring L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR034451
- Imaging permafrost active layer thickness under forest for climate model improvement F. Garestier et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2023.103582
- Increased Water Content in the Active Layer Revealed by Regional‐Scale InSAR and Independent Component Analysis on the Central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097586
- Reliable InSAR Phase History Uncertainty Estimates S. Zwieback & F. Meyer https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2022.3146816
- Observing Seasonal Variabilities of a Permafrost Landscape With PolSAR, InSAR and Pol-InSAR P. Saporta et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3551422
- Ecophysical dynamics of beaver ponds in Arctic Alaska: Implications for permafrost, aquatic habitat, and water quality T. Glass et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70371
- Permafrost thaw subsidence, sea-level rise, and erosion are transforming Alaska’s Arctic coastal zone R. Creel et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2409411121
- The Predictive Skill of a Remote Sensing-Based Machine Learning Model for Ice Wedge and Visible Ground Ice Identification in Western Arctic Canada Q. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17071245
- Permafrost Monitoring from Space A. Bartsch et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-023-09770-3
- Long-term settlement of icy debris flow deposits: Process, underlying mechanisms and analysis model R. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2025.12.050
- Permafrost and Freshwater Systems in the Arctic as Tipping Elements of the Climate System V. Brovkin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-025-09885-9
- InSAR sensitivity to active layer ground ice content in Adventdalen, Svalbard L. Wendt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1179-2026
- Patterns and rates of soil movement and shallow failures across several small watersheds on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska J. Del Vecchio et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-227-2023
- Seasonal InSAR Displacements Documenting the Active Layer Freeze and Thaw Progression in Central-Western Spitsbergen, Svalbard L. Rouyet et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13152977
- Spatial Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Permafrost Deformation in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Revealed Through InSAR Measurements Z. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3664223
- Magnitudes and patterns of large-scale permafrost ground deformation revealed by Sentinel-1 InSAR on the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112778
- Permafrost and wildfire carbon emissions indicate need for additional action to keep Paris Agreement temperature goals within reach C. Schädel et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03189-5
- The ground ice melting has accelerated the lake expansion in the hinterland of the permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau S. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102268
- Thermokarst Landscape Development Detected by Multiple-Geospatial Data in Churapcha, Eastern Siberia Y. Iijima et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.750298
- Degradation and local growth of “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost responding to climate warming and the consequences Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104865
- High-resolution InSAR regional soil water storage mapping above permafrost Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3481-2025
- Landform mapping, elevation modelling, and thaw subsidence estimation for permafrost terrain using a consumer-grade remotely-piloted aircraft G. Oldenborger et al. https://doi.org/10.1139/dsa-2021-0045
- Very high resolution aerial image orthomosaics, point clouds, and elevation datasets of select permafrost landscapes in Alaska and northwestern Canada T. Rettelbach et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5767-2024
- Tracking land surface deformation in lowland permafrost regions across the Arctic exploiting the first decade of Copernicus Sentinel-1 A. Bartsch et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115409
- Thaw-Season InSAR Surface Displacements and Frost Susceptibility Mapping to Support Community-Scale Planning in Ilulissat, West Greenland J. Scheer et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15133310
- Excess Ground Ice Profiles in Continuous Permafrost Mapped From InSAR Subsidence S. Zwieback et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035331
- Comparing thaw probing, electrical resistivity tomography, and airborne lidar to quantify lateral and vertical thaw in rapidly degrading boreal permafrost T. Douglas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-3991-2025
- InSAR estimates of excess ground ice concentrations near the permafrost table S. Zwieback et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2025.03.004
- Disparate permafrost terrain changes after a large flood observed from space S. Zwieback et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2208
- Multi-Dimensional Remote Sensing Analysis Documents Beaver-Induced Permafrost Degradation, Seward Peninsula, Alaska B. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234863
- Rapid recovery from permafrost thaw subsidence after extreme warmth inferred from InSAR J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae4fe5
- Hillslope‐Channel Transitions and the Role of Water Tracks in a Changing Permafrost Landscape J. Del Vecchio et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JF007156
- Permafrost Ground Ice Melting and Deformation Time Series Revealed by Sentinel-1 InSAR in the Tanggula Mountain Region on the Tibetan Plateau L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14040811
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Short summary
Thawing of ice-rich permafrost leads to subsidence and slumping, which can compromise Arctic infrastructure. However, we lack fine-scale maps of permafrost ground ice, chiefly because it is usually invisible at the surface. We show that subsidence at the end of summer serves as a
fingerprintwith which near-surface permafrost ground ice can be identified. As this can be done with satellite data, this method may help improve ground ice maps and thus sustainably steward the Arctic.
Thawing of ice-rich permafrost leads to subsidence and slumping, which can compromise Arctic...
