Articles | Volume 10, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2013-2016
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2013-2016
Research article
 | 
09 Sep 2016
Research article |  | 09 Sep 2016

Observations of capillary barriers and preferential flow in layered snow during cold laboratory experiments

Francesco Avanzi, Hiroyuki Hirashima, Satoru Yamaguchi, Takafumi Katsushima, and Carlo De Michele

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Cited articles

Abramoff, M. D., Magalhães, P. J., and Ram, S. J.: Image Processing using ImageJ, Biophotonics International, 11, 36–43, 2004.
Adachi, S., Yamaguchi, S., Ozeki, T., and Kose, K.: Hysteresis in the water retention curve of snow measured using an MRI system, in: Proceedings to the 2012 International Snow Science Workshop, Anchorage, Alaska, 918–922, 2012.
Avanzi, F., Caruso, M., Jommi, C., De Michele, C., and Ghezzi, A.: Continuous-time monitoring of liquid water content in snowpacks using capacitance probes: A preliminary feasibility study, Adv. Water Resour., 68, 32–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.02.012, 2014.
Avanzi, F., Hirashima, H., Yamaguchi, S., Katsushima, T., and De Michele, C.: Laboratory-based observations of capillary barriers and preferential flow in layered snow, The Cryosphere Discuss., 9, 6627–6659, https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-6627-2015, 2015a.
Avanzi, F., Yamaguchi, S., Hirashima, H., and De Michele, C.: Bulk volumetric liquid water content in a seasonal snowpack: modeling its dynamics in different climatic conditions, Adv. Water Resour., 86, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.09.021, 2015b.
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Short summary
We investigate capillary barriers and preferential flow in layered snow during nine cold laboratory experiments. The dynamics of each sample were replicated solving Richards equation within the 1-D multi-layer physically based SNOWPACK model. Results show that both processes affect the speed of water infiltration in stratified snow and are marked by a high degree of spatial variability at cm scale and complex 3-D patterns.