The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
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Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-129-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-129-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
Research article
 | 
13 Jan 2025
Research article |  | 13 Jan 2025

A hybrid ice-mélange model based on particle and continuum methods

Saskia Kahl, Carolin Mehlmann, and Dirk Notz

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Amundson, J. M. and Burton, J. C.: Quasi-static granular flow of ice mélange, J. Geophys. Res., 123, 2243–2267, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004685, 2018. a
Amundson, J. M., Fahnestock, M., Truffer, M., Brown, J., Lüthi, M. P., and Motyka, R. J.: Ice mélange dynamics and implications for terminus stability, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F01005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001405, 2010. a
Amundson, J. M., Robel, A. A., Burton, J. C., and Nissanka, K.: A quasi-one-dimensional ice mélange flow model based on continuum descriptions of granular materials, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-297, 2024. a
Bassis, J., Berg, B., Crawford, A., and Benn, D.: Transition to marine ice cliff instability controlled by ice thickness gradients and velocity, Science, 372, 1342–1344, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf6271, 2021. a
Bevan, S. L., Luckman, A. J., Benn, D. I., Cowton, T., and Todd, J.: Impact of warming shelf waters on ice mélange and terminus retreat at a large SE Greenland glacier, The Cryosphere, 13, 2303–2315, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2303-2019, 2019. a
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Ice mélange, a mixture of sea ice and icebergs, can impact sea-ice–ocean interactions. But climate models do not yet represent it due to computational limits. To address this shortcoming and include ice mélange into climate models, we suggest representing icebergs as particles. We integrate their feedback into mathematical equations used to model the sea-ice motion in climate models. The setup is computationally efficient due to the iceberg particle usage and enables a realistic representation.
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