Articles | Volume 17, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1697-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1697-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Bedfast and floating-ice dynamics of thermokarst lakes using a temporal deep-learning mapping approach: case study of the Old Crow Flats, Yukon, Canada
Maria Shaposhnikova
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Claude Duguay
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
H2O Geomatics Inc., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Pascale Roy-Léveillée
Département de géographie et Centre d'études nordiques,
Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
Related authors
No articles found.
Justin Murfitt, Claude Duguay, Ghislain Picard, and Juha Lemmetyinen
The Cryosphere, 18, 869–888, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research focuses on the interaction between microwave signals and lake ice under wet conditions. Field data collected for Lake Oulujärvi in Finland were used to model backscatter under different conditions. The results of the modelling likely indicate that a combination of increased water content and roughness of different interfaces caused backscatter to increase. These results could help to identify areas where lake ice is unsafe for winter transportation.
Vishnu Nandan, Rosemary Willatt, Robbie Mallett, Julienne Stroeve, Torsten Geldsetzer, Randall Scharien, Rasmus Tonboe, John Yackel, Jack Landy, David Clemens-Sewall, Arttu Jutila, David N. Wagner, Daniela Krampe, Marcus Huntemann, Mallik Mahmud, David Jensen, Thomas Newman, Stefan Hendricks, Gunnar Spreen, Amy Macfarlane, Martin Schneebeli, James Mead, Robert Ricker, Michael Gallagher, Claude Duguay, Ian Raphael, Chris Polashenski, Michel Tsamados, Ilkka Matero, and Mario Hoppmann
The Cryosphere, 17, 2211–2229, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We show that wind redistributes snow on Arctic sea ice, and Ka- and Ku-band radar measurements detect both newly deposited snow and buried snow layers that can affect the accuracy of snow depth estimates on sea ice. Radar, laser, meteorological, and snow data were collected during the MOSAiC expedition. With frequent occurrence of storms in the Arctic, our results show that
wind-redistributed snow needs to be accounted for to improve snow depth estimates on sea ice from satellite radars.
Yu Cai, Claude R. Duguay, and Chang-Qing Ke
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3329–3347, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3329-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3329-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal ice cover is one of the important attributes of lakes in middle- and high-latitude regions. This study used passive microwave brightness temperature measurements to extract the ice phenology for 56 lakes across the Northern Hemisphere from 1979 to 2019. A threshold algorithm was applied according to the differences in brightness temperature between lake ice and open water. The dataset will provide valuable information about the changing ice cover of lakes over the last 4 decades.
Elena Zakharova, Svetlana Agafonova, Claude Duguay, Natalia Frolova, and Alexei Kouraev
The Cryosphere, 15, 5387–5407, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5387-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5387-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The paper investigates the performance of altimetric satellite instruments to detect river ice onset and melting dates and to retrieve ice thickness of the Ob River. This is a first attempt to use satellite altimetry for monitoring ice in the challenging conditions restrained by the object size. A novel approach permitted elaboration of the spatiotemporal ice thickness product for the 400 km river reach. The potential of the product for prediction of ice road operation was demonstrated.
Ingmar Nitze, Sarah W. Cooley, Claude R. Duguay, Benjamin M. Jones, and Guido Grosse
The Cryosphere, 14, 4279–4297, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4279-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4279-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In summer 2018, northwestern Alaska was affected by widespread lake drainage which strongly exceeded previous observations. We analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns with remote sensing observations, weather data and lake-ice simulations. The preceding fall and winter season was the second warmest and wettest on record, causing the destabilization of permafrost and elevated water levels which likely led to widespread and rapid lake drainage during or right after ice breakup.
Kiana Zolfaghari, Claude R. Duguay, and Homa Kheyrollah Pour
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 377–391, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-377-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-377-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A remotely-sensed water clarity value (Kd) was applied to improve FLake model simulations of Lake Erie thermal structure using a time-invariant (constant) annual value as well as monthly values of Kd. The sensitivity of FLake model to Kd values was studied. It was shown that the model is very sensitive to variations in Kd when the value is less than 0.5 m-1.
Jinyang Du, John S. Kimball, Claude Duguay, Youngwook Kim, and Jennifer D. Watts
The Cryosphere, 11, 47–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-47-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-47-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A new automated method for microwave satellite assessment of lake ice conditions at 5 km resolution was developed for lakes in the Northern Hemisphere. The resulting ice record shows strong agreement with ground observations and alternative ice records. Higher latitude lakes reveal more widespread and larger trends toward shorter ice cover duration than lower latitude lakes. The new approach allows for rapid monitoring of lake ice cover changes, with accuracy suitable for global change studies.
Cristina M. Surdu, Claude R. Duguay, and Diego Fernández Prieto
The Cryosphere, 10, 941–960, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-941-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-941-2016, 2016
P. Muhammad, C. Duguay, and K.-K. Kang
The Cryosphere, 10, 569–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-569-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-569-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study involves the analysis of MODIS Level 3500 m snow products, complemented with 250 m Level 1B data, to monitor ice cover during the break-up period on the Mackenzie River, Canada. Results from the analysis of data for 13 ice seasons (2001–2013) show that ice-off begins between days of year (DOYs) 115 and 125 and ends between DOYs 145 and 155, resulting in average melt durations of about 30–40 days; we conclude that MODIS can monitor ice break-up.
C. M. Surdu, C. R. Duguay, L. C. Brown, and D. Fernández Prieto
The Cryosphere, 8, 167–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-167-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-167-2014, 2014
K. A. Luus, Y. Gel, J. C. Lin, R. E. J. Kelly, and C. R. Duguay
Biogeosciences, 10, 7575–7597, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7575-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7575-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Discipline: Frozen ground | Subject: Remote Sensing
Toward long-term monitoring of regional permafrost thaw with satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar
Landcover succession for recently drained lakes in permafrost on the Yamal peninsula, Western Siberia
Multitemporal UAV LiDAR detects seasonal heave and subsidence on palsas
Allometric scaling of retrogressive thaw slumps
Brief communication: Identification of tundra topsoil frozen/thawed state from SMAP and GCOM-W1 radiometer measurements using the spectral gradient method
Contribution of ground ice melting to the expansion of Selin Co (lake) on the Tibetan Plateau
Incorporating InSAR kinematics into rock glacier inventories: insights from 11 regions worldwide
Assessing volumetric change distributions and scaling relations of retrogressive thaw slumps across the Arctic
Top-of-permafrost ground ice indicated by remotely sensed late-season subsidence
Inventory and changes of rock glacier creep speeds in Ile Alatau and Kungöy Ala-Too, northern Tien Shan, since the 1950s
The catastrophic thermokarst lake drainage events of 2018 in northwestern Alaska: fast-forward into the future
Global Positioning System interferometric reflectometry (GPS-IR) measurements of ground surface elevation changes in permafrost areas in northern Canada
InSAR time series analysis of seasonal surface displacement dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau
Rapid retreat of permafrost coastline observed with aerial drone photogrammetry
Brief communication: Rapid machine-learning-based extraction and measurement of ice wedge polygons in high-resolution digital elevation models
Sensitivity of active-layer freezing process to snow cover in Arctic Alaska
An estimate of ice wedge volume for a High Arctic polar desert environment, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island
Taha Sadeghi Chorsi, Franz J. Meyer, and Timothy H. Dixon
The Cryosphere, 18, 3723–3740, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3723-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3723-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The active layer thaws and freezes seasonally. The annual freeze–thaw cycle of the active layer causes significant surface height changes due to the volume difference between ice and liquid water. We estimate the subsidence rate and active-layer thickness (ALT) for part of northern Alaska for summer 2017 to 2022 using interferometric synthetic aperture radar and lidar. ALT estimates range from ~20 cm to larger than 150 cm in area. Subsidence rate varies between close points (2–18 mm per month).
Clemens von Baeckmann, Annett Bartsch, Helena Bergstedt, Aleksandra Efimova, Barbara Widhalm, Dorothee Ehrich, Timo Kumpula, Alexander Sokolov, and Svetlana Abdulmanova
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-699, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-699, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes are common features in Arctic permafrost areas. Landcover change following their drainage needs to be monitored since it has implications for ecology and the carbon cycle. Satellite data are key in this context. We compared a common vegetation index approach with a novel landcover monitoring scheme. Landcover information provides specifically information on wetland features. We also showed that the bioclimatic gradients play a significant role after drainage within the first 10 years.
Cas Renette, Mats Olvmo, Sofia Thorsson, Björn Holmer, and Heather Reese
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-141, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-141, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used a drone to monitor seasonal changes in the height of subarctic permafrost mounds (palsas). With five drone flights in one year, we found a seasonal fluctuation of ca. 15 cm as result of freeze/thaw cycles. On one mound, a large area sank down between each flight as a result of permafrost thaw. The approach of using repeated high-resolution scans from such drone is unique for such environments and highlights its effectiveness in capturing the subtle dynamics of permafrost landscapes.
Jurjen van der Sluijs, Steven V. Kokelj, and Jon F. Tunnicliffe
The Cryosphere, 17, 4511–4533, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4511-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4511-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is an urgent need to obtain size and erosion estimates of climate-driven landslides, such as retrogressive thaw slumps. We evaluated surface interpolation techniques to estimate slump erosional volumes and developed a new inventory method by which the size and activity of these landslides are tracked through time. Models between slump area and volume reveal non-linear intensification, whereby model coefficients improve our understanding of how permafrost landscapes may evolve over time.
Konstantin Muzalevskiy, Zdenek Ruzicka, Alexandre Roy, Michael Loranty, and Alexander Vasiliev
The Cryosphere, 17, 4155–4164, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4155-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4155-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new all-weather method for determining the frozen/thawed (FT) state of soils in the Arctic region based on satellite data was proposed. The method is based on multifrequency measurement of brightness temperatures by the SMAP and GCOM-W1/AMSR2 satellites. The created method was tested at sites in Canada, Finland, Russia, and the USA, based on climatic weather station data. The proposed method identifies the FT state of Arctic soils with better accuracy than existing methods.
Lingxiao Wang, Lin Zhao, Huayun Zhou, Shibo Liu, Erji Du, Defu Zou, Guangyue Liu, Yao Xiao, Guojie Hu, Chong Wang, Zhe Sun, Zhibin Li, Yongping Qiao, Tonghua Wu, Chengye Li, and Xubing Li
The Cryosphere, 16, 2745–2767, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2745-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2745-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Selin Co has exhibited the greatest increase in water storage among all the lakes on the Tibetan Plateau in the past decades. This study presents the first attempt to quantify the water contribution of ground ice melting to the expansion of Selin Co by evaluating the ground surface deformation since terrain surface settlement provides a
windowto detect the subsurface ground ice melting. Results reveal that ground ice meltwater contributed ~ 12 % of the lake volume increase during 2017–2020.
Aldo Bertone, Chloé Barboux, Xavier Bodin, Tobias Bolch, Francesco Brardinoni, Rafael Caduff, Hanne H. Christiansen, Margaret M. Darrow, Reynald Delaloye, Bernd Etzelmüller, Ole Humlum, Christophe Lambiel, Karianne S. Lilleøren, Volkmar Mair, Gabriel Pellegrinon, Line Rouyet, Lucas Ruiz, and Tazio Strozzi
The Cryosphere, 16, 2769–2792, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2769-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2769-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the guidelines developed by the IPA Action Group and within the ESA Permafrost CCI project to include InSAR-based kinematic information in rock glacier inventories. Nine operators applied these guidelines to 11 regions worldwide; more than 3600 rock glaciers are classified according to their kinematics. We test and demonstrate the feasibility of applying common rules to produce homogeneous kinematic inventories at global scale, useful for hydrological and climate change purposes.
Philipp Bernhard, Simon Zwieback, Nora Bergner, and Irena Hajnsek
The Cryosphere, 16, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present an investigation of retrogressive thaw slumps in 10 study sites across the Arctic. These slumps have major impacts on hydrology and ecosystems and can also reinforce climate change by the mobilization of carbon. Using time series of digital elevation models, we found that thaw slump change rates follow a specific type of distribution that is known from landslides in more temperate landscapes and that the 2D area change is strongly related to the 3D volumetric change.
Simon Zwieback and Franz J. Meyer
The Cryosphere, 15, 2041–2055, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2041-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2041-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Thawing of ice-rich permafrost leads to subsidence and slumping, which can compromise Arctic infrastructure. However, we lack fine-scale maps of permafrost ground ice, chiefly because it is usually invisible at the surface. We show that subsidence at the end of summer serves as a
fingerprintwith which near-surface permafrost ground ice can be identified. As this can be done with satellite data, this method may help improve ground ice maps and thus sustainably steward the Arctic.
Andreas Kääb, Tazio Strozzi, Tobias Bolch, Rafael Caduff, Håkon Trefall, Markus Stoffel, and Alexander Kokarev
The Cryosphere, 15, 927–949, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a map of rock glacier motion over parts of the northern Tien Shan and time series of surface speed for six of them over almost 70 years.
This is by far the most detailed investigation of this kind available for central Asia.
We detect a 2- to 4-fold increase in rock glacier motion between the 1950s and present, which we attribute to atmospheric warming.
Relative to the shrinking glaciers in the region, this implies increased importance of periglacial sediment transport.
Ingmar Nitze, Sarah W. Cooley, Claude R. Duguay, Benjamin M. Jones, and Guido Grosse
The Cryosphere, 14, 4279–4297, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4279-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4279-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In summer 2018, northwestern Alaska was affected by widespread lake drainage which strongly exceeded previous observations. We analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns with remote sensing observations, weather data and lake-ice simulations. The preceding fall and winter season was the second warmest and wettest on record, causing the destabilization of permafrost and elevated water levels which likely led to widespread and rapid lake drainage during or right after ice breakup.
Jiahua Zhang, Lin Liu, and Yufeng Hu
The Cryosphere, 14, 1875–1888, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1875-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1875-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ground surface in permafrost areas undergoes uplift and subsides seasonally due to freezing–thawing active layer. Surface elevation change serves as an indicator of frozen-ground dynamics. In this study, we identify 12 GPS stations across the Canadian Arctic, which are useful for measuring elevation changes by using reflected GPS signals. Measurements span from several years to over a decade and at daily intervals and help to reveal frozen ground dynamics at various temporal and spatial scales.
Eike Reinosch, Johannes Buckel, Jie Dong, Markus Gerke, Jussi Baade, and Björn Riedel
The Cryosphere, 14, 1633–1650, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1633-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1633-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this research we present the results of our satellite analysis of a permafrost landscape and periglacial landforms in mountainous regions on the Tibetan Plateau. We study seasonal and multiannual surface displacement processes, such as the freezing and thawing of the ground, seasonally accelerated sliding on steep slopes, and continuous permafrost creep. This study is the first step of our goal to create an inventory of actively moving landforms within the Nyainqêntanglha range.
Andrew M. Cunliffe, George Tanski, Boris Radosavljevic, William F. Palmer, Torsten Sachs, Hugues Lantuit, Jeffrey T. Kerby, and Isla H. Myers-Smith
The Cryosphere, 13, 1513–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1513-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1513-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Episodic changes of permafrost coastlines are poorly understood in the Arctic. By using drones, satellite images, and historic photos we surveyed a permafrost coastline on Qikiqtaruk – Herschel Island. We observed short-term coastline retreat of 14.5 m per year (2016–2017), exceeding long-term average rates of 2.2 m per year (1952–2017). Our study highlights the value of these tools to assess understudied episodic changes of eroding permafrost coastlines in the context of a warming Arctic.
Charles J. Abolt, Michael H. Young, Adam L. Atchley, and Cathy J. Wilson
The Cryosphere, 13, 237–245, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-237-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-237-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a workflow that uses a machine-learning algorithm known as a convolutional neural network (CNN) to rapidly delineate ice wedge polygons in high-resolution topographic datasets. Our workflow permits thorough assessments of polygonal microtopography at the kilometer scale or greater, which can improve understanding of landscape hydrology and carbon budgets. We demonstrate that a single CNN can be trained to delineate polygons with high accuracy in diverse tundra settings.
Yonghong Yi, John S. Kimball, Richard H. Chen, Mahta Moghaddam, and Charles E. Miller
The Cryosphere, 13, 197–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-197-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-197-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand active-layer freezing process and its climate sensitivity, we developed a new 1 km snow data set for permafrost modeling and used the model simulations with multiple new in situ and P-band radar data sets to characterize the soil freeze onset and duration of zero curtain in Arctic Alaska. Results show that zero curtains of upper soils are primarily affected by early snow cover accumulation, while zero curtains of deeper soils are more closely related to maximum thaw depth.
Claire Bernard-Grand'Maison and Wayne Pollard
The Cryosphere, 12, 3589–3604, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3589-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3589-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a first approximation of the volume of ice in ice wedges, a ground-ice feature in permafrost for a High Arctic polar desert region. We demonstrate that Geographical Information System analyses can be used on satellite images to estimate ice wedge volume. We estimate that 3.81 % of the top 5.9 m of permafrost could be ice-wedge ice on the Fosheim Peninsula. In response to climate change, melting ice wedges will result in widespread terrain disturbance in this region.
Cited articles
Antonova, S., Duguay, C. R., Kääb, A., Heim, B., Langer, M.,
Westermann, S., and Boike, J.: Monitoring bedfast ice and ice phenology in
lakes of the Lena river delta using TerraSAR-X backscatter and coherence
time series, Remote. Sens., 8, 1–23, 2016.
Arp, C. D., Jones, B. M., Urban, F. E., and Grosse, G.: Hydrogeomorphic
processes of thermokarst lakes with grounded-ice and floating-ice regimes on
the Arctic coastal plain, Alaska, Hydrol. Process., 25, 2422–2438, 2011.
Arp, C. D., Jones, B. M., Lu, Z., and Whitman, M. S.: Shifting balance of
thermokarst lake ice regimes across the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern
Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, 1–5, 2012.
Atwood, D., Gunn, G., Roussi, C., Wu, J., Duguay, C., and Sarabandi, K.:
Microwave backscatter from Arctic lake ice and polarimetric implications,
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 53, 5972–5982, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2429917, 2015.
Bartsch, A., Pointner, G., Leibman, M. O., Dvornikov, Y. A., Khomutov, A.
V., and Trofaier, A. M.: Circumpolar mapping of ground-fast lake ice, Front.
Earth Sci., 5, 1–16, 2017.
Bouchard, F., MacDonald, L. A., Turner, K. W., Thienpont, J. R., Medeiros,
A. S., Biskaborn, B. K., Korosi, J., Hall, R. I., Pienitz, R., and Wolfe, B.
B.: Paleolimnology of thermokarst lakes: a window into permafrost landscape
evolution, Arct. Sci., 3, 91–117, 2017.
Brown, L. C. and Duguay, C. R.: A comparison of simulated and measured lake
ice thickness using a Shallow Water Ice Profiler, Hydrol. Process., 25,
2932–2941, 2011.
Brown, R. S., Duguay, C. R., Mueller, R. P., Moulton, L. L., Doucette, P. J.,
and Tagestad, J. D.: Use of synthetic aperture radar to identify and
characterize overwintering areas of fish in ice-covered arctic rivers: a
demonstration with broad whitefish and their habitats in the Sagavanirktok
River, Alaska, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 139, 1711–1722, https://doi.org/10.1577/T09-176.1, 2010.
Dammann, D. O., Eriksson, L. E. B., Mahoney, A. R., Stevens, C. W., Van der
Sanden, J., Eicken, H., Meyer, F. J., and Tweedie, C. E.: Mapping Arctic
Bottomfast Sea Ice Using SAR Interferometry, Remote Sens., 10, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050720, 2018.
Duguay, C. R. and Lafleur, P. M.: Determining depth and ice thickness of
shallow sub-Arctic lakes using space-borne optical and SAR data, Int. J.
Remote Sens., 24, 475–489, 2003.
Duguay, C. R. and Wang, J.: Advancement in bedfast lake ice mapping from
Sentinel-1 SAR data, in: IGARSS 2019–2019 IEEE International Geoscience and
Remote Sensing Symposium, 6922–6925, 28 July 2019, Yokohama, Japan, IEEE, 19154399, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8900650, 2019a.
Duguay, C. R. and Wang, J.: Arctic-wide ground-fast lake ice mapping
with Sentinel-1, ESA Living Planet Symposium, Milan, Italy, 13–17 May, 2019b.
Duguay, C. R., Pultz, T. J., Lafleur, P. M., and Drai, D.: RADARSAT
backscatter characteristics of ice growing on shallow sub-Arctic lakes,
Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, Hydrol. Process., 16, 1631–1644, 2002.
Duguay, C. R., Flato, G. M., Jeffries, M. O., Ménard, P., Morris, K.,
and Rouse, W. R.: Ice-cover variability on shallow lakes at high latitudes:
model simulations and observations, Hydrol. Process., 17, 3465–3483, 2003.
Duguay, C. R., Prowse, T. D., Bonsal, B. R., Brown, R. D., Lacroix, M. P.,
and Ménard, P.: Recent trends in Canadian lake ice cover, Hydrol.
Process., 20, 781–801, 2006.
Engram, M., Anthony, K. W., Meyer, F. J., and Grosse, G.: Characterization
of L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter from floating and
grounded thermokarst lake ice in Arctic Alaska, The Cryosphere, 7,
1741–1752, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1741-2013, 2013.
Engram, M., Arp, C. D., Jones, B. M., Ajadi, O. A., and Meyer, F. J.:
Analyzing floating and bedfast lake ice regimes across Arctic Alaska using
25 years of space-borne SAR imagery, Remote Sens. Environ., 209, 660–676,
2018.
Engram, M., Anthony, K. M. W., Sachs, T., Kohnert, K., Serafimovich, A.,
Grosse, G., and Meyer, F.: Remote sensing northern lake methane ebullition,
Nat. Clim. Change, 10, 511–517, 2020.
Grunblatt, J. and Atwood, D.: Mapping lakes for winter liquid water
availability using SAR on the North Slope of Alaska, J. Appl. Earth Obs.
Geoinf., 27, 63–69, 2014.
Gunn, G. E., Brogioni, M., Duguay, C., Macelloni, G., Kasurak, A., and King,
J.: Observation and modeling of X- and Ku-band backscatter of snow-covered
freshwater lake ice, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens., 8,
3629–3642, 2015a.
Gunn, G. E., Duguay, C. R., Brown, L. C., King, J., Atwood, D., and Kasurak,
A.: Freshwater lake ice thickness derived using surface-based X- and Ku-band
FMCW scatterometers, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 120, 115–126, 2015b.
Gunn, G. E., Duguay, C. R., Atwood, D., King, J., and Toose, P.:
Observing scattering mechanisms of bubbled freshwater lake ice using
polarimetric RADARSAT-2 (C-band) and UWScat (X-, Ku-band), IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 56, 2887–2903, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2786158, 2018.
Heslop, J. K., Walter Anthony, K. M., Sepulveda-Jauregui, A., Martinez-Cruz, K., Bondurant, A., Grosse, G., and Jones, M. C.: Thermokarst lake methanogenesis along a complete talik profile, Biogeosciences, 12, 4317–4331, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4317-2015, 2015.
Hirose, T., Kapfer, M., Bennett, J., Cott, P., Manson, G., and Solomon, S.:
Bottomfast ice mapping and the measurement of ice thickness on tundra lakes
using C-band synthetic aperture radar remote sensing, JAWRA J. Am. Water
Resour. Assoc., 44, 285–292, 2008.
Huang, W., DeVries, B., Huang, C., Lang, M. W., Jones, J. W., Creed, I. F.,
and Carroll, M. L.: Automated extraction of surface water extent from
Sentinel-1 data, Remote Sens., 10, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050797, 2018.
Hussain, M. M. and Mahmud, I.: pyMannKendall: a python package for non
parametric Mann Kendall family of trend tests, J. Open Source Softw., 4,
1556, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01556, 2019.
Irving, W. N. and Cinq-Mars, J.: A tentative archaeological sequence for Old
Crow Flats, Yukon territory, Arctic Anthropol., 11, 65–81, 1974.
Jeffries, M. O., Morris, K., and Liston, G. E.: A method to determine lake
depth and water availability on the North Slope of Alaska with spaceborne
imaging radar and numerical ice growth modelling, Arctic, 49, 367–374, 1996.
Jeffries, M. O., Morris, K., and Duguay, C. R.: Lake ice growth and decay in
central Alaska, USA: observations and computer simulations compared, Ann.
Glaciol., 40, 195–199, 2005.
Jones, B. M., Grosse, G., Farquharson, L. M., Roy-Léveillée, P.,
Veremeeva, A., Kanevskiy, M. Z., Gaglioti, B. V., Breen, A. L., Parsekian,
A. D., Ulrich, M., and Hinkel, K. M.: Lake and drained lake basin systems in
lowland permafrost regions, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 3, 85–98, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00238-9, 2022.
Kheyrollah Pour, H., Duguay, C. R., Scott, K. A., and Kang, K.- K.:
Improvement of lake ice thickness retrieval from MODIS satellite data using
a thermodynamic model, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 55, 5956–5965,
2017.
Kozlenko, N. and Jeffries, M. O.: Bathymetric mapping of shallow water in
thaw lakes on the North Slope of Alaska with spaceborne imaging radar,
Arctic, 53, 306–316, 2000.
Labrecque, S., Lacelle, D., Duguay, C. R., Lauriol, B., and Hawkings, J.:
Contemporary (1951–2001) evolution of lakes in the Old Crow Basin, Northern
Yukon, Canada: Remote sensing, numerical modeling, and stable isotope
analysis, Arctic, 62, 225–238, 2009.
Lantz, T. C. and Turner, K. W.: Changes in lake area in response to
thermokarst processes and climate in Old Crow Flats, Yukon, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 120, 513–524, 2015.
Lauriol, B., Lacelle, D., Labrecque, S., Duguay, C. R., and Telka, A.:
Holocene evolution of lakes in the Bluefish Basin, northern Yukon, Canada,
Arctic, 62, 212–224, 2009.
Makynen, M., Karvonen, J., Cheng, B.; Hiltunen, M., and Eriksson, P. B.:
Operational Service for Mapping the Baltic Sea Landfast Ice Properties,
Remote Sens., 12, 4032, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12244032, 2020.
Ménard, P., Duguay, C. R., Flato, G. M., and Rouse, W. R.: Simulation of
ice phenology on Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada, Hydrol.
Process., 16, 3691–3706, 2002.
Minh, D. H. T., Ienco, D., Gaetano, R., Lalande, N., Ndikumana, E., Osman,
F., and Maurel, P.: Deep recurrent neural networks for winter vegetation
quality mapping via multitemporal SAR Sentinel-1, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens.
Lett., 15, 464–468, 2018.
Mommertz, R.: Mapping bedfast and floating thermokarst lake ice and
determining lake depth using Sentinel 1 synthetic aperture radar remote
sensing on the west shore of Hudson Bay, Canada and Prudhoe Bay, Alaska,
Master's thesis, Institute for Earth-and Environmental Science, University
of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, Master thesis, Institute for Earth- and Environmental Science, hdl: 10013/epic.a2aa0093-7f7b-4715-a33f-7345040f2a23, e-print ID: 51210, 2019.
Murfitt, J. and Duguay, C. R.: 50 years of lake ice research from active
microwave remote sensing: Progress and prospects, Remote Sens. Environ.,
264, 112616, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112616, 2021.
Ndikumana, E., Ho Tong Minh, D., Baghdadi, N., Courault, D., and Hossard,
L.: Deep recurrent neural network for agricultural classification using
multitemporal SAR Sentinel-1 for Camargue, France, Remote Sens., 10, 1–16,
2018.
Nitze, I., Cooley, S. W., Duguay, C. R., Jones, B. M., and Grosse, G.: The catastrophic thermokarst lake drainage events of 2018 in northwestern Alaska: fast-forward into the future, The Cryosphere, 14, 4279–4297, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4279-2020, 2020.
Olefeldt, D., Goswami, S., Grosse, G., Hayes, D., Hugelius, G., Kuhry, P.,
McGuire, A. D., Romanovsky, V. E., Sannel, A. B. K., Schuur, E. A. G., and
Turetsky, M. R.: Circumpolar distribution and carbon storage of thermokarst
landscapes, Nat. Commun., 7, 13043, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13043, 2016.
Ovenden, L. E.: Hydroseral histories of the Old Crow peatlands, northern
Yukon, Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 1985.
Pelletier, C., Webb, G. I., and Petitjean, F.: Temporal convolutional neural
network for the classification of satellite image time series, Remote Sens.,
11, 1–25, 2019a.
Pelletier, C., Webb, G. I., and Petitjean, F.: Training temporal Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) on satellite image time series, GitHub [code], https://github.com/charlotte-pel/temporalCNN (last access: 6 April 2023), 2019b.
Pointner, G. and Bartsch, A.: Interannual variability of lake ice
backscatter anomalies on Lake Neyto, Yamal, Russia, GI Forum J., 8,
47–62, 2020.
Pointner, G., Bartsch, A., Forbes, B. C., and Kumpula, T.: The role of lake
size and local phenomena for monitoring ground-fast lake ice, Int. J. Remote
Sens., 40, 832–858, 2019.
Porter, T. J. and Pisaric, M. F. J.: Temperature-growth divergence in white
spruce forests of Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory, and adjacent regions of
northwestern North America, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 3418–3430, 2011.
Roy-Léveillée, P.: Permafrost and thermokarst lake dynamics in the
Old Crow Flats, northern Yukon, Canada, Ph.D. thesis, Carleton University,
Ottawa, Canada, 2014.
Roy-Léveillée, P. and Burn, C.: Permafrost conditions near
shorelines of oriented lakes in Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory, in:
Conference Proceedings of GEO, 12–15 September 2010, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1510–1516, 2010.
Roy-Léveillée, P. and Burn, C. R.: Geometry of oriented lakes in Old
Crow Flats, northern Yukon, in: Proceedings, 68th Canadian Geotechnical
Conference and 7th Canadian Permafrost Conference, 20–23 September 2015, Quebec City, Québec, Canada,
2015.
Roy-Léveillée, P. and Burn, C. R.: A modified landform development
model for the topography of drained thermokarst lake basins in fine-grained
sediments, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 41, 1504–1520, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3918, 2016.
Roy-Léveillée, P., and Burn, C. R.: Near-shore talik development beneath
shallow water in expanding thermokarst lakes, Old Crow Flats, Yukon, J.
Geophys. Res.-Earth, 122, 1070–1089, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004022, 2017.
Roy-Léveillée, P., Burn, C. R., and McDonald, I. D.:
Vegetation-permafrost relations within the forest-tundra ecotone near Old
Crow, Northern Yukon, Canada, Permafrost Periglac., 25, 127–135,
2014.
Sellmann, P., Weeks, W., and Campbell, W.: Use of Side-looking Airborne
Radar to determine lake depth on the Alaskan North Slope, Technical Report
Special Report No. 230, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory,
Hanover, New Hampshire, 1975.
Sen, P. K.: Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's
tau, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 63, 1379–1389, 1968.
Shaposhnikova, M., Duguay, C. R., and Roy-Léveillée, P.: Annotated
time-series of lake ice C-band synthetic aperture radar backscatter created
using Sentinel-1, ERS-1/2, and RADARSAT-1 imagery of Old Crow Flats, Yukon,
Canada, PANGAEA [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.947789, 2022.
Surdu, C. M., Duguay, C. R., Brown, L. C., and Fernández Prieto, D.: Response of ice cover on shallow lakes of the North Slope of Alaska to contemporary climate conditions (1950–2011): radar remote-sensing and numerical modeling data analysis, The Cryosphere, 8, 167–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-167-2014, 2014.
Tondu, J.-M.: An interdisciplinary approach to monitoring the hydroecology
of thermokarst lakes in Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory, Canada, Master's
thesis, University of Waterloo, 2012.
Tsui, O. W., Chiang, M., and Dean, A.: Mapping of bottomfast lake ice
in the northwest territories via data mining of synthetic aperture radar
image time series, Can. J. Remote Sens., 45, 572–590, 2019.
Turner, K. W., Wolfe, B. B., and Edwards, T. W. D.: Characterizing the role
of hydrological processes on lake water balances in the Old Crow Flats,
Yukon Territory, Canada, using water isotope tracers, J. Hydrol., 386,
103–117, 2010.
Turner, K. W., Wolfe, B. B., Edwards, T. W. D., Lantz, T. C., Hall, R. I.,
and Larocque, G.: Controls on water balance of shallow thermokarst lakes and
their relations with catchment characteristics: a multi-year,
landscape-scale assessment based on water isotope tracers and remote sensing
in Old Crow Flats, Yukon (Canada), Glob. Change Biol., 20, 1585–1603,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12465, 2014.
Valero, S., Pelletier, C., and Bertolino, M.: Patch-based reconstruction of
high resolution satellite image time series with missing values using
spatial, spectral and temporal similarities, in: 2016 IEEE International
Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 10–15 July 2016, Beijing, Chine, 16444878, IEEE, 2308–2311, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2016.7729596, 2016.
Wakabayashi, H. and Motohashi, K.: Monitoring freezing and thawing of
shallow lakes in Northern Alaska using Sentinel-1 data, in: IGARSS 2018–2018
IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 7157–7160, 4 November 2018, Valencia, Spain, 18244715, IEEE, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8519086,
2018.
Wang, L., Jolivel, M., Marzahn, P., Bernier, M., and Ludwig, R.: Thermokarst
pond dynamics in subarctic environment monitoring with radar remote sensing,
Permafrost Periglac., 29, 231–245, 2018.
Wang, J. A., Sulla-Menashe, D., Woodcock, C. E., Sonnentag, O., Keeling, R.
F., and Friedl, M. A.: Extensive land cover change across Arctic Boreal
Northwestern North America from disturbance and climate forcing, Global
Change Biol., 26, 807–822, 2020.
Wolfe, B. B., Humphries, M. M., Pisaric, M. F., Balasubramaniam, A. M., Burn, C. R., Chan, L., Cooley, D., Froese, D. G., Graupe, S., Hall, R. I., and Lantz, T.: Environmental change and traditional use of the Old Crow Flats in
northern Canada: an IPY opportunity to meet the challenges of the new
northern research paradigm, Arctic, 64, 127–135, 2011.
Zazula, G. D., Duk-Rodkin, A., Schweger, C. E., and Morlan, R. E.: Late
Pleistocene chronology of glacial lake Old Crow and the north-west margin of
the Laurentide Ice Sheet, in: Developments in Quaternary Sciences, 2,
347–362, Elsevier, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80207-0, 2004
Short summary
We explore lake ice in the Old Crow Flats, Yukon, Canada, using a novel approach that employs radar imagery and deep learning. Results indicate an 11 % increase in the fraction of lake ice that grounds between 1992/1993 and 2020/2021. We believe this is caused by widespread lake drainage and fluctuations in water level and snow depth. This transition is likely to have implications for permafrost beneath the lakes, with a potential impact on methane ebullition and the regional carbon budget.
We explore lake ice in the Old Crow Flats, Yukon, Canada, using a novel approach that employs...