The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
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Articles | Volume 15, issue 12
Articles | Volume 15, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5423-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5423-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 15, issue 12
Research article
 | 
07 Dec 2021
Research article |  | 07 Dec 2021

Elements of future snowpack modeling – Part 2: A modular and extendable Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical scheme for coupled transport, phase changes and settling processes

Anna Simson, Henning Löwe, and Julia Kowalski

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Cited articles

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Bader, H.-P. and Weilenmann, P.: Modeling temperature distribution, energy and mass flow in a (phase-changing) snowpack. I. Model and case studies, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 20, 157–181, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232x(92)90015-m, 1992. a, b, c, d, e
Bartelt, P. and Christen, M.: A computational procedure for instationary temperature-dependent snow creep, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0104195, 2007. a, b
Bartelt, P. and Lehning, M.: A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning: Part I: numerical model, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 35, 123–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-232x(02)00074-5, 2002. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j
Brun, E., Martin, E., Simon, V., Gendre, C., and Coleou, C.: An Energy and Mass Model of Snow Cover Suitable for Operational Avalanche Forecasting, J. Glaciol., 35, 333–342, https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000009254, 1989. a, b, c
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This companion paper deals with numerical particularities of partial differential equations underlying one-dimensional snow models. In this second part we include mechanical settling and develop a new hybrid (Eulerian–Lagrangian) method for solving the advection-dominated ice mass conservation on a moving mesh alongside Eulerian diffusion (heat and vapor) and phase changes. The scheme facilitates a modular and extendable solver strategy while retaining controls on numerical accuracy.
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