Articles | Volume 12, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Carbonaceous material export from Siberian permafrost tracked across the Arctic Shelf using Raman spectroscopy
School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Manchester, UK
Melissa Maher
School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan
University, Manchester, UK
Jerome Blewett
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research
Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
now at: Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Ayça Doğrul Selver
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research
Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Balıkesir University, Geological Engineering Department,
Balıkesir, Turkey
Örjan Gustafsson
Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES)
and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Igor P. Semiletov
Pacific Oceanological Institute Far Eastern Branch of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA
National Tomsk Research Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
Bart E. van Dongen
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research
Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Related authors
Robert B. Sparkes, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor P. Semiletov, Negar Haghipour, Lukas Wacker, Timothy I. Eglinton, Helen M. Talbot, and Bart E. van Dongen
The Cryosphere, 10, 2485–2500, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The permafrost in eastern Siberia contains large amounts of carbon frozen in soils and sediments. Continuing global warming is thawing the permafrost and releasing carbon to the Arctic Ocean. We used pyrolysis-GCMS, a chemical fingerprinting technique, to study the types of carbon being deposited on the continental shelf. We found large amounts of permafrost-sourced carbon being deposited up to 200 km offshore.
Juliane Bischoff, Robert B. Sparkes, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Robert G. M. Spencer, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor P. Semiletov, Oleg V. Dudarev, Dirk Wagner, Elizaveta Rivkina, Bart E. van Dongen, and Helen M. Talbot
Biogeosciences, 13, 4899–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4899-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4899-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic contains a large pool of carbon that is vulnerable to warming and can be released by rivers and coastal erosion. We study microbial lipids (BHPs) in permafrost and shelf sediments to trace the source, transport and fate of this carbon. BHPs in permafrost deposits are released to the shelf by rivers and coastal erosion, in contrast to other microbial lipids (GDGTs) that are transported by rivers. Several further analyses are needed to understand the complex East Siberian Shelf system.
R. B. Sparkes, A. Doğrul Selver, J. Bischoff, H. M. Talbot, Ö. Gustafsson, I. P. Semiletov, O. V. Dudarev, and B. E. van Dongen
Biogeosciences, 12, 3753–3768, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3753-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3753-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Siberian permafrost contains large amounts of organic carbon that may be released by climate warming. We collected and analysed samples from the East Siberian Sea, using GDGT biomarkers to trace the sourcing and deposition of organic carbon across the shelf. We show that branched GDGTs may be used to trace river erosion. Results from modelling show that organic carbon on the shelf is a complex process involving river-derived and coastal-derived material as well as marine carbon production.
S.-J. Kao, R. G. Hilton, K. Selvaraj, M. Dai, F. Zehetner, J.-C. Huang, S.-C. Hsu, R. Sparkes, J. T. Liu, T.-Y. Lee, J.-Y. T. Yang, A. Galy, X. Xu, and N. Hovius
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 127–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-127-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-127-2014, 2014
Krishnakant Budhavant, Mohanan Remani Manoj, Hari Ram Chandrika Rajendran Nair, Samuel Mwaniki Gaita, Henry Holmstrand, Abdus Salam, Ahmed Muslim, Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh, and Örjan Gustafsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11911–11925, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The South Asian Pollution Experiment 2018 used access to three strategically located receptor observatories. Observational constraints revealed opposing trends in the mass absorption cross sections of black carbon (BC MAC) and brown carbon (BrC MAC) during long-range transport. Models estimating the climate effects of BC aerosols may have underestimated the ambient BC MAC over distant receptor areas, leading to discrepancies in aerosol absorption predicted by observation-constrained models.
Leonard Kirago, Örjan Gustafsson, Samuel Mwaniki Gaita, Sophie L. Haslett, Michael J. Gatari, Maria Elena Popa, Thomas Röckmann, Christoph Zellweger, Martin Steinbacher, Jörg Klausen, Christian Félix, David Njiru, and August Andersson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14349–14357, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14349-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides ground-observational evidence that supports earlier suggestions that savanna fires are the main emitters and modulators of carbon monoxide gas in Africa. Using isotope-based techniques, the study has shown that about two-thirds of this gas is emitted from savanna fires, while for urban areas, in this case Nairobi, primary sources approach 100 %. The latter has implications for air quality policy, suggesting primary emissions such as traffic should be targeted.
Christoph Heinze, Thorsten Blenckner, Peter Brown, Friederike Fröb, Anne Morée, Adrian L. New, Cara Nissen, Stefanie Rynders, Isabel Seguro, Yevgeny Aksenov, Yuri Artioli, Timothée Bourgeois, Friedrich Burger, Jonathan Buzan, B. B. Cael, Veli Çağlar Yumruktepe, Melissa Chierici, Christopher Danek, Ulf Dieckmann, Agneta Fransson, Thomas Frölicher, Giovanni Galli, Marion Gehlen, Aridane G. González, Melchor Gonzalez-Davila, Nicolas Gruber, Örjan Gustafsson, Judith Hauck, Mikko Heino, Stephanie Henson, Jenny Hieronymus, I. Emma Huertas, Fatma Jebri, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, Jaideep Joshi, Stephen Kelly, Nandini Menon, Precious Mongwe, Laurent Oziel, Sólveig Ólafsdottir, Julien Palmieri, Fiz F. Pérez, Rajamohanan Pillai Ranith, Juliano Ramanantsoa, Tilla Roy, Dagmara Rusiecka, J. Magdalena Santana Casiano, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Miriam Seifert, Anna Shchiptsova, Bablu Sinha, Christopher Somes, Reiner Steinfeldt, Dandan Tao, Jerry Tjiputra, Adam Ulfsbo, Christoph Völker, Tsuyoshi Wakamatsu, and Ying Ye
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, 2023
Preprint under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
For assessing the consequences of human-induced climate change for the marine realm, it is necessary to not only look at gradual changes but also at abrupt changes of environmental conditions. We summarise abrupt changes in ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen concentration as the key environmental factors for ecosystems. Taking these abrupt changes into account requires greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced to a larger extent than previously thought to limit respective damage.
Jaclyn Clement Kinney, Karen M. Assmann, Wieslaw Maslowski, Göran Björk, Martin Jakobsson, Sara Jutterström, Younjoo J. Lee, Robert Osinski, Igor Semiletov, Adam Ulfsbo, Irene Wåhlström, and Leif G. Anderson
Ocean Sci., 18, 29–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-29-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-29-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use data crossing Herald Canyon in the Chukchi Sea collected in 2008 and 2014 together with numerical modelling to investigate the circulation in the western Chukchi Sea. A large fraction of water from the Chukchi Sea enters the East Siberian Sea south of Wrangel Island and circulates in an anticyclonic direction around the island. To assess the differences between years, we use numerical modelling results, which show that high-frequency variability dominates the flow in Herald Canyon.
Jannik Martens, Evgeny Romankevich, Igor Semiletov, Birgit Wild, Bart van Dongen, Jorien Vonk, Tommaso Tesi, Natalia Shakhova, Oleg V. Dudarev, Denis Kosmach, Alexander Vetrov, Leopold Lobkovsky, Nikolay Belyaev, Robie W. Macdonald, Anna J. Pieńkowski, Timothy I. Eglinton, Negar Haghipour, Salve Dahle, Michael L. Carroll, Emmelie K. L. Åström, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Lee W. Cooper, Göran Possnert, and Örjan Gustafsson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2561–2572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The paper describes the establishment, structure and current status of the first Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE (CASCADE), which is a scientific effort to harmonize and curate all published and unpublished data of carbon, nitrogen, carbon isotopes, and terrigenous biomarkers in sediments of the Arctic Ocean in one database. CASCADE will enable a variety of studies of the Arctic carbon cycle and thus contribute to a better understanding of how climate change affects the Arctic.
Alexander Osadchiev, Igor Medvedev, Sergey Shchuka, Mikhail Kulikov, Eduard Spivak, Maria Pisareva, and Igor Semiletov
Ocean Sci., 16, 781–798, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-781-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-781-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Yenisei and Khatanga rivers are among the largest estuarine rivers that inflow to the Arctic Ocean. Discharge of the Yenisei River is 1 order of magnitude larger than that of the Khatanga River. However, spatial scales of buoyant plumes formed by freshwater runoff from the Yenisei and Khatanga gulfs are similar. This feature is caused by intense tidal mixing in the Khatanga Gulf, which causes formation of the diluted and therefore anomalously deep and large Khatanga plume.
Francesco Muschitiello, Matt O'Regan, Jannik Martens, Gabriel West, Örjan Gustafsson, and Martin Jakobsson
Geochronology, 2, 81–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-81-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-81-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present a new marine chronology of the last ~30 000 years for a sediment core retrieved from the central Arctic Ocean. Our new chronology reveals substantially faster sedimentation rates during the end of the last glacial cycle, the Last Glacial Maximum, and deglaciation than previously reported, thus implying a substantial re-interpretation of paleoceanographic reconstructions from this sector of the Arctic Ocean.
Sarah Conrad, Johan Ingri, Johan Gelting, Fredrik Nordblad, Emma Engström, Ilia Rodushkin, Per S. Andersson, Don Porcelli, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor Semiletov, and Björn Öhlander
Biogeosciences, 16, 1305–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1305-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1305-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Iron analysis of the particulate, colloidal, and truly dissolved fractions along the Lena River freshwater plume showed that the particulate iron dominates close to the coast. Over 99 % particulate and about 90 % colloidal iron were lost, while the truly dissolved phase was almost constant. Iron isotopes suggest that the shelf acts as a sink for particles and colloids with negative iron isotope values, while colloids with positive iron isotope values travel further out into the Arctic Ocean.
Birgit Wild, Natalia Shakhova, Oleg Dudarev, Alexey Ruban, Denis Kosmach, Vladimir Tumskoy, Tommaso Tesi, Hanna Joß, Helena Alexanderson, Martin Jakobsson, Alexey Mazurov, Igor Semiletov, and Örjan Gustafsson
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-229, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-229, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The thaw and degradation of subsea permafrost on the Arctic Ocean shelves is one of the key uncertainties concerning natural greenhouse gas emissions since difficult access limits the availability of observational data. In this study, we describe sediment properties and age constraints of a unique set of three subsea permafrost cores from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf, as well as content, origin and degradation state of organic matter at the current thaw front.
Svetlana P. Pugach, Irina I. Pipko, Natalia E. Shakhova, Evgeny A. Shirshin, Irina V. Perminova, Örjan Gustafsson, Valery G. Bondur, Alexey S. Ruban, and Igor P. Semiletov
Ocean Sci., 14, 87–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-87-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-87-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explores the possibility of using CDOM and its spectral parameters to identify the different biogeochemical regimes on the ESAS. The strong correlation between DOC and CDOM values in the surface shelf waters influenced by terrigenous discharge indicates that it is feasible to estimate DOC content from CDOM fluorescence assessed in situ. The direct estimation of DOM optical parameters in the surface ESAS waters provided by this study will be useful for validating remote sensing data.
Volker Brüchert, Lisa Bröder, Joanna E. Sawicka, Tommaso Tesi, Samantha P. Joye, Xiaole Sun, Igor P. Semiletov, and Vladimir A. Samarkin
Biogeosciences, 15, 471–490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-471-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-471-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We determined the aerobic and anaerobic degradation rates of land- and marine-derived organic material in East Siberian shelf sediment. Marine plankton-derived organic carbon was the main source for the oxic dissolved carbon dioxide production, whereas terrestrial organic material significantly contributed to the production of carbon dioxide under anoxic conditions. Our direct degradation rate measurements provide new constraints for the present-day Arctic marine carbon budget.
Irina I. Pipko, Svetlana P. Pugach, Igor P. Semiletov, Leif G. Anderson, Natalia E. Shakhova, Örjan Gustafsson, Irina A. Repina, Eduard A. Spivak, Alexander N. Charkin, Anatoly N. Salyuk, Kseniia P. Shcherbakova, Elena V. Panova, and Oleg V. Dudarev
Ocean Sci., 13, 997–1016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-997-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-997-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The study of the outer shelf and the continental slope waters of the Eurasian Arctic seas has revealed a general trend in the surface pCO2 distribution, which manifested as an increase in pCO2 values eastward. It has been shown that the influence of terrestrial discharge on the carbonate system of East Siberian Arctic sea surface waters is not limited to the shallow shelf and that contemporary climate change impacts the carbon cycle of the Eurasian Arctic Ocean and influences air–sea CO2 flux.
Alexander N. Charkin, Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff, Natalia E. Shakhova, Örjan Gustafsson, Oleg V. Dudarev, Maxim S. Cherepnev, Anatoly N. Salyuk, Andrey V. Koshurnikov, Eduard A. Spivak, Alexey Y. Gunar, Alexey S. Ruban, and Igor P. Semiletov
The Cryosphere, 11, 2305–2327, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2305-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2305-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study tests the hypothesis that SGD exists in the Siberian Arctic shelf seas, but its dynamics may be largely controlled by complicated geocryological conditions such as permafrost. The permafrost cements rocks, forms a confining bed, and as a result makes it difficult for the groundwater escape to the shelf surface. However, the discovery of subterranean outcrops of groundwater springs in the Buor-Khaya Gulf are clear evidence that a groundwater flow system exists in the environment.
Matt O'Regan, Jan Backman, Natalia Barrientos, Thomas M. Cronin, Laura Gemery, Nina Kirchner, Larry A. Mayer, Johan Nilsson, Riko Noormets, Christof Pearce, Igor Semiletov, Christian Stranne, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 1269–1284, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1269-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1269-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Past glacial activity on the East Siberian continental margin is poorly known, partly due to the lack of geomorphological evidence. Here we present geophysical mapping and sediment coring data from the East Siberian shelf and slope revealing the presence of a glacially excavated cross-shelf trough reaching to the continental shelf edge north of the De Long Islands. The data provide direct evidence for extensive glacial activity on the Siberian shelf that predates the Last Glacial Maximum.
Kirsi Keskitalo, Tommaso Tesi, Lisa Bröder, August Andersson, Christof Pearce, Martin Sköld, Igor P. Semiletov, Oleg V. Dudarev, and Örjan Gustafsson
Clim. Past, 13, 1213–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1213-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1213-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigate land-to-ocean transfer and the fate of permafrost carbon in the East Siberian Sea from the early Holocene until the present day. Our results suggest that there was a high input of terrestrial organic carbon to the East Siberian Sea during the last glacial–interglacial period caused by permafrost destabilisation. This material was mainly characterised as relict Pleistocene permafrost deposited via coastal erosion as a result of the sea level rise.
Tommaso Tesi, Marc C. Geibel, Christof Pearce, Elena Panova, Jorien E. Vonk, Emma Karlsson, Joan A. Salvado, Martin Kruså, Lisa Bröder, Christoph Humborg, Igor Semiletov, and Örjan Gustafsson
Ocean Sci., 13, 735–748, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-735-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-735-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Recent Arctic studies suggest that sea-ice decline and permafrost thawing will affect the phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean. However, in what way the plankton composition will change as the warming proceeds remains elusive. Here we show that the carbon composition of plankton might change as a function of the enhanced terrestrial organic carbon supply and progressive sea-ice thawing.
Thomas M. Cronin, Matt O'Regan, Christof Pearce, Laura Gemery, Michael Toomey, Igor Semiletov, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 1097–1110, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Global sea level rise during the last deglacial flooded the Siberian continental shelf in the Arctic Ocean. Sediment cores, radiocarbon dating, and microfossils show that the regional sea level in the Arctic rose rapidly from about 12 500 to 10 700 years ago. Regional sea level history on the Siberian shelf differs from the global deglacial sea level rise perhaps due to regional vertical adjustment resulting from the growth and decay of ice sheets.
Jorien E. Vonk, Tommaso Tesi, Lisa Bröder, Henry Holmstrand, Gustaf Hugelius, August Andersson, Oleg Dudarev, Igor Semiletov, and Örjan Gustafsson
The Cryosphere, 11, 1879–1895, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1879-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1879-2017, 2017
Martin Jakobsson, Christof Pearce, Thomas M. Cronin, Jan Backman, Leif G. Anderson, Natalia Barrientos, Göran Björk, Helen Coxall, Agatha de Boer, Larry A. Mayer, Carl-Magnus Mörth, Johan Nilsson, Jayne E. Rattray, Christian Stranne, Igor Semiletov, and Matt O'Regan
Clim. Past, 13, 991–1005, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-991-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-991-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic and Pacific oceans are connected by the presently ~53 m deep Bering Strait. During the last glacial period when the sea level was lower than today, the Bering Strait was exposed. Humans and animals could then migrate between Asia and North America across the formed land bridge. From analyses of sediment cores and geophysical mapping data from Herald Canyon north of the Bering Strait, we show that the land bridge was flooded about 11 000 years ago.
Ira Leifer, Denis Chernykh, Natalia Shakhova, and Igor Semiletov
The Cryosphere, 11, 1333–1350, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1333-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1333-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Vast Arctic methane deposits may alter global climate and require remote sensing (RS) to map. Sonar has great promise, but quantitative inversion based on theory is challenged by multiple bubble acoustical scattering in plumes. We demonstrate use of a real-world in situ bubble plume calibration using a bubble model to correct for differences in the calibration and seep plumes. Spatial seep sonar maps were then used to improve understanding of subsurface geologic controls.
Célia J. Sapart, Natalia Shakhova, Igor Semiletov, Joachim Jansen, Sönke Szidat, Denis Kosmach, Oleg Dudarev, Carina van der Veen, Matthias Egger, Valentine Sergienko, Anatoly Salyuk, Vladimir Tumskoy, Jean-Louis Tison, and Thomas Röckmann
Biogeosciences, 14, 2283–2292, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2283-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2283-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic Ocean, especially the Siberian shelves, overlays large areas of subsea permafrost that is degrading. We show that methane with a biogenic origin is emitted from this permafrost. At locations where bubble plumes have been observed, methane can escape oxidation in the surface sediment and rapidly migrate through the very shallow water column of this region to escape to the atmosphere, generating a positive radiative feedback.
Leif G. Anderson, Göran Björk, Ola Holby, Sara Jutterström, Carl Magnus Mörth, Matt O'Regan, Christof Pearce, Igor Semiletov, Christian Stranne, Tim Stöven, Toste Tanhua, Adam Ulfsbo, and Martin Jakobsson
Ocean Sci., 13, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-349-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-349-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We use data collected in 2014 to show that the outflow of nutrient-rich water occurs much further to the west than has been reported in the past. We suggest that this is due to much less summer sea-ice coverage in the northwestern East Siberian Sea than in the past decades. Further, our data support a more complicated flow pattern in the region where the Mendeleev Ridge reaches the shelf compared to the general cyclonic circulation within the individual basins as suggested historically.
Christof Pearce, Aron Varhelyi, Stefan Wastegård, Francesco Muschitiello, Natalia Barrientos, Matt O'Regan, Thomas M. Cronin, Laura Gemery, Igor Semiletov, Jan Backman, and Martin Jakobsson
Clim. Past, 13, 303–316, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-303-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-303-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The eruption of the Alaskan Aniakchak volcano of 3.6 thousand years ago was one of the largest Holocene eruptions worldwide. The resulting ash is found in several Alaskan sites and as far as Newfoundland and Greenland. In this study, we found ash from the Aniakchak eruption in a marine sediment core from the western Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. Combined with radiocarbon dates on mollusks, the volcanic age marker is used to calculate the marine radiocarbon reservoir age at that time.
Leif G. Anderson, Jörgen Ek, Ylva Ericson, Christoph Humborg, Igor Semiletov, Marcus Sundbom, and Adam Ulfsbo
Biogeosciences, 14, 1811–1823, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1811-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1811-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Waters with very high p>CO2, nutrients and low oxygen concentrations were observed along the continental margin of the East Siberian Sea and well out into the deep Makarov and Canada basins during the SWERUS-C3 expedition in 2014. This water had a low saturation state with respect to calcium carbonate, down to less than 0.8 for calcite and 0.5 for aragonite, and is traced in historic data to the Canada Basin and in the waters flowing out of the Arctic Ocean in the western Fram Strait.
Erik Gustafsson, Christoph Humborg, Göran Björk, Christian Stranne, Leif G. Anderson, Marc C. Geibel, Carl-Magnus Mörth, Marcus Sundbom, Igor P. Semiletov, Brett F. Thornton, and Bo G. Gustafsson
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-115, 2017
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we quantify key carbon cycling processes on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. A specific aim is to determine the pathways of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) supplied by rivers and coastline erosion – and particularly to what extent degradation of terrestrial OC contributes to air-sea CO2 exchange. We estimate that the shelf is a weak CO2 sink, although this sink is considerably reduced mainly by degradation of eroded OC and to a lesser extent by degradation of riverine OC.
Joan A. Salvadó, Tommaso Tesi, Marcus Sundbom, Emma Karlsson, Martin Kruså, Igor P. Semiletov, Elena Panova, and Örjan Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 13, 6121–6138, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6121-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6121-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial discharge and coastal erosion of the permafrost-dominated East Siberian Arctic delivers large quantities of terrigenous organic carbon (Terr-OC) to marine waters. We assessed its fate and composition in different marine pools with a suite of biomarkers. The dissolved organic carbon is transporting off-shelf “young” and fresh vascular plant material, while sedimentary and near-bottom particulate organic carbon preferentially carries old organic carbon released from thawing permafrost.
Robert B. Sparkes, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor P. Semiletov, Negar Haghipour, Lukas Wacker, Timothy I. Eglinton, Helen M. Talbot, and Bart E. van Dongen
The Cryosphere, 10, 2485–2500, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The permafrost in eastern Siberia contains large amounts of carbon frozen in soils and sediments. Continuing global warming is thawing the permafrost and releasing carbon to the Arctic Ocean. We used pyrolysis-GCMS, a chemical fingerprinting technique, to study the types of carbon being deposited on the continental shelf. We found large amounts of permafrost-sourced carbon being deposited up to 200 km offshore.
Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Joan A. Salvadó, Igor P. Semiletov, Oleg V. Dudarev, and Örjan Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 13, 5003–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5003-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5003-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Thawing permafrost may release large amounts of terrestrial organic carbon (TerrOC) to the Arctic Ocean. We assessed its fate in the marine environment with a suite of biomarkers. Across the Laptev Sea their concentrations in surface sediments decreased significantly and showed a trend to qualitatively more degraded TerrOC with increasing water depth. We infer that the degree of degradation of TerrOC is a function of the time spent under oxic conditions during protracted cross-shelf transport.
Juliane Bischoff, Robert B. Sparkes, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Robert G. M. Spencer, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor P. Semiletov, Oleg V. Dudarev, Dirk Wagner, Elizaveta Rivkina, Bart E. van Dongen, and Helen M. Talbot
Biogeosciences, 13, 4899–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4899-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4899-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic contains a large pool of carbon that is vulnerable to warming and can be released by rivers and coastal erosion. We study microbial lipids (BHPs) in permafrost and shelf sediments to trace the source, transport and fate of this carbon. BHPs in permafrost deposits are released to the shelf by rivers and coastal erosion, in contrast to other microbial lipids (GDGTs) that are transported by rivers. Several further analyses are needed to understand the complex East Siberian Shelf system.
X. Feng, Ö. Gustafsson, R. M. Holmes, J. E. Vonk, B. E. van Dongen, I. P. Semiletov, O. V. Dudarev, M. B. Yunker, R. W. Macdonald, D. B. Montluçon, and T. I. Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 12, 4841–4860, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4841-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4841-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Currently very few studies have examined the distribution and fate of hydrolyzable organic carbon (OC) in Arctic sediments, whose fate remains unclear in the context of climate change. Our study focuses on the source, distribution and fate of hydrolyzable OC as compared with plant wax lipids and lignin phenols in the sedimentary particles of nine Arctic and sub-Arctic rivers. This multi-molecular approach allows for a comprehensive investigation of terrestrial OC transfer via Arctic rivers.
R. B. Sparkes, A. Doğrul Selver, J. Bischoff, H. M. Talbot, Ö. Gustafsson, I. P. Semiletov, O. V. Dudarev, and B. E. van Dongen
Biogeosciences, 12, 3753–3768, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3753-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3753-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Siberian permafrost contains large amounts of organic carbon that may be released by climate warming. We collected and analysed samples from the East Siberian Sea, using GDGT biomarkers to trace the sourcing and deposition of organic carbon across the shelf. We show that branched GDGTs may be used to trace river erosion. Results from modelling show that organic carbon on the shelf is a complex process involving river-derived and coastal-derived material as well as marine carbon production.
S.-J. Kao, R. G. Hilton, K. Selvaraj, M. Dai, F. Zehetner, J.-C. Huang, S.-C. Hsu, R. Sparkes, J. T. Liu, T.-Y. Lee, J.-Y. T. Yang, A. Galy, X. Xu, and N. Hovius
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 127–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-127-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-127-2014, 2014
E. N. Kirillova, A. Andersson, J. Han, M. Lee, and Ö. Gustafsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1413–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1413-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1413-2014, 2014
I. P. Semiletov, N. E. Shakhova, I. I. Pipko, S. P. Pugach, A. N. Charkin, O. V. Dudarev, D. A. Kosmach, and S. Nishino
Biogeosciences, 10, 5977–5996, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5977-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5977-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Discipline: Frozen ground | Subject: Biogeochemistry/Biology
Review article: Terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in northern permafrost
Environmental controls on observed spatial variability of soil pore water geochemistry in small headwater catchments underlain with permafrost
Responses of dissolved organic carbon to freeze–thaw cycles associated with the changes in microbial activity and soil structure
Molecular biomarkers in Batagay megaslump permafrost deposits reveal clear differences in organic matter preservation between glacial and interglacial periods
High nitrate variability on an Alaskan permafrost hillslope dominated by alder shrubs
Improved ELMv1-ECA simulations of zero-curtain periods and cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions at Alaskan Arctic tundra sites
The role of vadose zone physics in the ecohydrological response of a Tibetan meadow to freeze–thaw cycles
Permafrost thawing exhibits a greater influence on bacterial richness and community structure than permafrost age in Arctic permafrost soils
Large carbon cycle sensitivities to climate across a permafrost thaw gradient in subarctic Sweden
Consumption of atmospheric methane by the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau alpine steppe ecosystem
Landform partitioning and estimates of deep storage of soil organic matter in Zackenberg, Greenland
Liam Heffernan, Dolly N. Kothawala, and Lars J. Tranvik
The Cryosphere, 18, 1443–1465, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1443-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1443-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The northern permafrost region stores half the world's soil carbon. As the region warms, permafrost thaws and releases dissolved organic carbon, which leads to decomposition of this carbon pool or export into aquatic ecosystems. In this study we developed a new database of 2276 dissolved organic carbon concentrations in eight different ecosystems from 111 studies published over 22 years. This study highlights that coastal areas may play an important role in future high-latitude carbon cycling.
Nathan Alec Conroy, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Emma Lathrop, Dea Musa, Brent D. Newman, Chonggang Xu, Rachael E. McCaully, Carli A. Arendt, Verity G. Salmon, Amy Breen, Vladimir Romanovsky, Katrina E. Bennett, Cathy J. Wilson, and Stan D. Wullschleger
The Cryosphere, 17, 3987–4006, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3987-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3987-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study combines field observations, non-parametric statistical analyses, and thermodynamic modeling to characterize the environmental causes of the spatial variability in soil pore water solute concentrations across two Arctic catchments with varying extents of permafrost. Vegetation type, soil moisture and redox conditions, weathering and hydrologic transport, and mineral solubility were all found to be the primary drivers of the existing spatial variability of some soil pore water solutes.
You Jin Kim, Jinhyun Kim, and Ji Young Jung
The Cryosphere, 17, 3101–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3101-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrated the response of organic soils in the Arctic tundra to freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs), focusing on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The highlights found in this study are as follows: (i) FTCs altered DOC properties without decreasing soil microbial activities, and (ii) soil aggregate distribution influenced by FTCs changed DOC characteristics by enhancing microbial activities and altering specific-sized soil pore proportion.
Loeka L. Jongejans, Kai Mangelsdorf, Cornelia Karger, Thomas Opel, Sebastian Wetterich, Jérémy Courtin, Hanno Meyer, Alexander I. Kizyakov, Guido Grosse, Andrei G. Shepelev, Igor I. Syromyatnikov, Alexander N. Fedorov, and Jens Strauss
The Cryosphere, 16, 3601–3617, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3601-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3601-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Large parts of Arctic Siberia are underlain by permafrost. Climate warming leads to permafrost thaw. At the Batagay megaslump, permafrost sediments up to ~ 650 kyr old are exposed. We took sediment samples and analysed the organic matter (e.g. plant remains). We found distinct differences in the biomarker distributions between the glacial and interglacial deposits with generally stronger microbial activity during interglacial periods. Further permafrost thaw enhances greenhouse gas emissions.
Rachael E. McCaully, Carli A. Arendt, Brent D. Newman, Verity G. Salmon, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Cathy J. Wilson, Sanna Sevanto, Nathan A. Wales, George B. Perkins, Oana C. Marina, and Stan D. Wullschleger
The Cryosphere, 16, 1889–1901, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1889-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1889-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Degrading permafrost and shrub expansion are critically important to tundra biogeochemistry. We observed significant variability in soil pore water NO3-N in an alder-dominated permafrost hillslope in Alaska. Proximity to alder shrubs and the presence or absence of topographic gradients and precipitation events strongly influence NO3-N availability and mobility. The highly dynamic nature of labile N on small spatiotemporal scales has implications for nutrient responses to a warming Arctic.
Jing Tao, Qing Zhu, William J. Riley, and Rebecca B. Neumann
The Cryosphere, 15, 5281–5307, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5281-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5281-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We improved the DOE's E3SM land model (ELMv1-ECA) simulations of soil temperature, zero-curtain period durations, cold-season CH4, and CO2 emissions at several Alaskan Arctic tundra sites. We demonstrated that simulated CH4 emissions during zero-curtain periods accounted for more than 50 % of total emissions throughout the entire cold season (Sep to May). We also found that cold-season CO2 emissions largely offset warm-season net uptake currently and showed increasing trends from 1950 to 2017.
Lianyu Yu, Simone Fatichi, Yijian Zeng, and Zhongbo Su
The Cryosphere, 14, 4653–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4653-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4653-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The role of soil water and heat transfer physics in portraying the function of a cold region ecosystem was investigated. We found that explicitly considering the frozen soil physics and coupled water and heat transfer is important in mimicking soil hydrothermal dynamics. The presence of soil ice can alter the vegetation leaf onset date and deep leakage. Different complexity in representing vadose zone physics does not considerably affect interannual energy, water, and carbon fluxes.
Mukan Ji, Weidong Kong, Chao Liang, Tianqi Zhou, Hongzeng Jia, and Xiaobin Dong
The Cryosphere, 14, 3907–3916, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3907-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3907-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Old permafrost soil usually has more carbohydrates, while younger soil contains more aliphatic carbons, which substantially impacts soil bacterial communities. However, little is known about how permafrost age and thawing drive microbial communities. We found that permafrost thawing significantly increased bacterial richness in young permafrost and changed soil bacterial compositions at all ages. This suggests that thawing results in distinct bacterial species and alters soil carbon degradation.
Kuang-Yu Chang, William J. Riley, Patrick M. Crill, Robert F. Grant, Virginia I. Rich, and Scott R. Saleska
The Cryosphere, 13, 647–663, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-647-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost peatlands store large amounts of carbon potentially vulnerable to decomposition under changing climate. We estimated effects of climate forcing biases on carbon cycling at a thawing permafrost peatland in subarctic Sweden. Our results indicate that many climate reanalysis products are cold and wet biased in our study region, leading to erroneous active layer depth and carbon budget estimates. Future studies should recognize the effects of climate forcing uncertainty on carbon cycling.
Hanbo Yun, Qingbai Wu, Qianlai Zhuang, Anping Chen, Tong Yu, Zhou Lyu, Yuzhong Yang, Huijun Jin, Guojun Liu, Yang Qu, and Licheng Liu
The Cryosphere, 12, 2803–2819, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2803-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2803-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Here we reported the QTP permafrost region was a CH4 sink of −0.86 ± 0.23 g CH4-C m−2 yr−1 over 2012–2016, soil temperature and soil water content were dominant factors controlling CH4 fluxes, and their correlations changed with soil depth due to cryoturbation dynamics. This region was a net CH4 sink in autumn, but a net source in spring, despite both seasons experiencing similar top soil thawing and freezing dynamics.
Juri Palmtag, Stefanie Cable, Hanne H. Christiansen, Gustaf Hugelius, and Peter Kuhry
The Cryosphere, 12, 1735–1744, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1735-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1735-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to improve the previous soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage estimates for the Zackenberg area (NE Greenland) that were based on a land cover classification approach, by using geomorphological upscaling. The landform-based approach more correctly constrains the depositional areas in alluvial fans and deltas with high SOC and TN storage. This research emphasises the need to consider geomorphology when assessing SOC pools in mountain permafrost landscapes.
Cited articles
Beyssac, O., Goffe, B., Chopin, C., and Rouzaud, J.: Raman spectra of
carbonaceous material in metasediments: a new geothermometer, J.
Metamorph. Geol., 20, 859–871, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00408.x,
2002a. a, b, c, d
Beyssac, O., Simoes, M., Avouac, J., Farley, K., Chen, Y.-G., Chan,
Y.-C., and Goffe, B.: Late Cenozoic metamorphic evolution and exhumation of
Taiwan, Tectonics, 26, TC6001–1–32, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006TC002064, 2007. a, b
Bischoff, J., Mangelsdorf, K., Gattinger, A., Schloter, M., Kurchatova,
A. N.,
Herzschuh, U., and Wagner, D.: Response of methanogenic archaea to Late
Pleistocene and Holocene climate changes in the Siberian Arctic, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 27, 305–317, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004238, 2013. a
Bischoff, J., Sparkes, R. B., Doğrul Selver, A., Spencer, R. G. M.,
Gustafsson, Ö., Semiletov, I. P., Dudarev, O. V., Wagner, D., Rivkina, E.,
van Dongen, B. E., and Talbot, H. M.: Source, transport and fate of soil
organic matter inferred from microbial biomarker lipids on the East Siberian
Arctic Shelf, Biogeosciences, 13, 4899–4914,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4899-2016, 2016. a, b, c, d, e, f
Bröder, L., Tesi, T., Salvadó, J. A., Semiletov, I. P., Dudarev, O. V.,
and Gustafsson, Ö.: Fate of terrigenous organic matter across the Laptev
Sea from the mouth of the Lena River to the deep sea of the Arctic interior,
Biogeosciences, 13, 5003–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5003-2016,
2016. a, b, c, d
Coppola, A. I., Ziolkowski, L. A., Masiello, C. A., and Druffel, E. R. M.:
Aged
black carbon in marine sediments and sinking particles, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 41, 2427–2433, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL059068,
2014. a
Doğrul Selver, A., Sparkes, R. B., Bischoff, J., Talbot, H. M.,
Gustafsson,
Ö., Semiletov, I. P., Dudarev, O. V., Boult, S., and van Dongen, B. E.:
Distributions of bacterial and archaeal membrane lipids in surface sediments
reflect differences in input and loss of terrestrial organic carbon along a
cross-shelf Arctic transect, Org. Geochem., 83, 16–26,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.01.005, 2015. a, b, c
Durand, B.: Kerogen: Insoluble Organic Matter from Sedimentary Rocks,
Editions technip, 1980. a
Elmquist, M., Cornelissen, G., Kukulska, Z., and Gustafsson, O.: Distinct
oxidative stabilities of char versus soot black carbon: Implications for
quantification and environmental recalcitrance, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
20, gB2009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002629,
2006. a
Feng, X., Vonk, J. E., van Dongen, B. E., Gustafsson, Ö., Semiletov,
I. P.,
Dudarev, O. V., Wang, Z., Montluçon, D. B., Wacker, L., and Eglinton,
T. I.: Differential mobilization of terrestrial carbon pools in Eurasian
Arctic river basins, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
110, 14168–14173, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307031110, 2013. a
Feng, X., Gustafsson, Ö., Holmes, R. M., Vonk, J. E., van Dongen, B. E.,
Semiletov, I. P., Dudarev, O. V., Yunker, M. B., Macdonald, R. W., Wacker,
L., Montluçon, D. B., and Eglinton, T. I.: Multimolecular tracers of
terrestrial carbon transfer across the pan-Arctic: 14C characteristics of
sedimentary carbon components and their environmental controls, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 1855–1873, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005204,
2015GB005204, 2015. a, b, c
Ferrari, A. C.: Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: Disorder,
electron-phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects, Solid State
Commun., 143, 47–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.052, 2007. a
Galy, V., Beyssac, O., France-Lanord, C., and Eglinton, T.: Recycling of
Graphite During Himalayan Erosion: A Geological Stabilization of Carbon in
the Crust, Science, 322, 943–945, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1161408, 2008. a
Goñi, M. A., Yunker, M. B., Macdonald, R. W., and Eglinton, T. I.: The
supply and preservation of ancient and modern components of organic carbon in
the Canadian Beaufort Shelf of the Arctic Ocean, Mar. Chem., 93,
53–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2004.08.001, 2005. a, b
Gordeev, V. V.: Fluvial sediment flux to the Arctic Ocean, Geomorphology, 80,
94–104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.09.008, 2006. a
Grigoriev, M. N., Rachold, V., and Bolshiyanov, D.: ussian-German cooperation SYSTEM LAPTEV SEA:
the expedition LENA 2002, Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung (Reports on Polar and Marine Research), Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 466, 341 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.2312/BzPM_0466_2003, 2003. a
Gustafsson, O., Bucheli, T. D., Kukulska, Z., Andersson, M., Largeau, C.,
Rouzaud, J.-N., Reddy, C. M., and Eglinton, T. I.: Evaluation of a protocol
for the quantification of black carbon in sediments, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 15, 881–890, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001380,
2001. a
Gustafsson, Ö., van Dongen, B. E., Vonk, J. E., Dudarev, O. V., and
Semiletov, I. P.: Widespread release of old carbon across the Siberian Arctic
echoed by its large rivers, Biogeosciences, 8, 1737–1743,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1737-2011, 2011. a
Hilton, R. G.: Erosion of Organic Carbon from Active Mountain Belts, PhD
thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. a
Holmes, R. M., McClelland, J. W., Peterson, B. J., Shiklomanov, I. A.,
Shiklomanov, A. I., Zhulidov, A. V., Gordeev, V. V., and Bobrovitskaya,
N. N.: A circumpolar perspective on fluvial sediment flux to the Arctic
ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1098, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GB001849, 2002. a
Holmes, R. M., Coe, M. T., Fiske, G. J., Gurtovaya, T., McClelland, J. W.,
Shiklomanov, A. I., Spencer, R. G. M., Tank, S. E., and Zhulidov, A. V.:
Climate Change Impacts on the Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Arctic Rivers,
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118470596.ch1,
2012. a
IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
Working
Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, Tech. rep., 2013. a
Karlsson, E., Brüchert, V., Tesi, T., Charkin, A., Dudarev, O.,
Semiletov,
I., and Gustafsson, Ö.: Contrasting regimes for organic matter
degradation in the East Siberian Sea and the Laptev Sea assessed through
microbial incubations and molecular markers, Mar. Chem., 170, 11–22,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2014.12.005,
2015. a, b, c
Kienast, F., Schirrmeister, L., Siegert, C., and Tarasov, P.: Palaeobotanical
evidence for warm summers in the East Siberian Arctic during the last cold
stage, Quaternary Res., 63, 283–300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.01.003,
2005. a
Kotlyakov, V. and Khromova, T.: Maps of Permafrost and Ground Ice, Version 1,
in: Land Resources of Russia, 2002. a
Kuznetsov, P., Kolesnikova, S., Kuznetsova, L., Okhlopkov, S., and Safronov,
A.: Composition of Coals from Northern Fields of the Lena Coal Basin
Estimating the Conversion into Liquid Fuel, Chemistry for Sustainable
Development, 17, 35–41, 2009. a
Lantuit, H., Overduin, P. P., Couture, N., Wetterich, S., Aré, F.,
Atkinson, D., Brown, J., Cherkashov, G., Drozdov, D., Forbes, D. L.,
Graves-Gaylord, A., Grigoriev, M., Hubberten, H.-W., Jordan, J., Jorgenson,
T., Ødegård, R. S., Ogorodov, S., Pollard, W. H., Rachold, V.,
Sedenko, S., Solomon, S., Steenhuisen, F., Streletskaya, I., and Vasiliev,
A.: The Arctic Coastal Dynamics Database: A New Classification Scheme and
Statistics on Arctic Permafrost Coastlines, Estuar. Coast., 35,
383–400, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9362-6, 2011. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h
Lantuit, H., Overduin, P. P., and Wetterich, S.: Recent Progress Regarding
Permafrost Coasts, Permafrost Periglac., 24, 120–130,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1777, 2013. a
Lee, M. R., Lindgren, P., King, A. J., Greenwood, R. C., Franchi, I. A., and
Sparkes, R.: Elephant Moraine 96029, a very mildly aqueously altered and
heated CM carbonaceous chondrite: Implications for the drivers of parent body
processing, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 187, 237–259,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.008,
2016. a
Mitchell, C.: Industrial Minerals Laboratory Manual: Flake Graphite,
Mineralogy
and Petrology Series BGS Technical Report WG/92/30, British Geological
Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, available at:
https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/international/dfid-kar/WG92030_col.pdf (last access: 29 September 2018),
1993. a
Nakamizo, M., Honda, H., and Inagaki, M.: Raman-spectra Of Ground Natural
Graphite, Carbon, 16, 281–283, 1978. a
Nibourel, L., Herman, F., Cox, S. C., Beyssac, O., and Lavé, J.:
Provenance
analysis using Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material: A case study in
the Southern Alps of New Zealand, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 120, 2056–2079, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003541,
2015. a, b
Nokleberg, W., Bundtzen, T., Grybeck, D., Koch, R., Eremin, R., Rozenblum,
I.,
Shpikerman, V., Sidorov, A., and Gorodinsky, M.: Metallogenesis of mainland
Alaska and the Russian Northeast, Open-File Report 93-339, U.S. Geological
Survey, available at: http://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/11861 (last access: 29 September 2018),
1993. a
O'Donnell, J. A., Aiken, G. R., Walvoord, M. A., Raymond, P. A., Butler,
K. D.,
Dornblaser, M. M., and Heckman, K.: Using dissolved organic matter age and
composition to detect permafrost thaw in boreal watersheds of interior
Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 119, 2155–2170,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002695, 2014JG002695, 2014. a
Oxman, V. S.: Tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic Verkhoyansk-Kolyma belt (NE
Asia), Tectonophysics, 365, 45–76,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00064-7,
2003. a
Peterson, B. J., Holmes, R. M., McClelland, J. W., Vörösmarty, C. J.,
Lammers, R. B., Shiklomanov, A. I., Shiklomanov, I. A., and Rahmstorf, S.:
Increasing River Discharge to the Arctic Ocean, Science, 298, 2171–2173,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1077445, 2002. a
R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria,
available at: http://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 29 September 2018),
2015. a
Salvadó, J. A., Br oder, L., Andersson, A., Semiletov, I. P., and
Gustafsson, O.: Release of Black Carbon From Thawing Permafrost Estimated by
Sequestration Fluxes in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Recipient, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 31, 1501–1515, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005693,
2017. a, b, c, d
Schirrmeister, L., Kunitsky, V. V., Grosse, G., Kuznetsova, T. V.,
Derevyagin,
A. Y., Wetterich, S., and Siegert, C.: The Yedoma Suite of the Northeastern
Siberian Shelf Region Characteristics and Concept of Formation, in: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference
on Permafrost, edited by: Kane,
D. L. and Hinkel, K. M., University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Northern
Engineering, 1595–1601, 2008. a
Schirrmeister, L., Kunitsky, V., Grosse, G., Wetterich, S., Meyer, H.,
Schwamborn, G., Babiy, O., Derevyagin, A., and Siegert, C.: Sedimentary
characteristics and origin of the Late Pleistocene Ice Complex on north-east
Siberian Arctic coastal lowlands and islands – A review,
Quatern. Int., 241, 3–25,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.04.004, 2011. a
Schuur, E. A. G., McGuire, A. D., Schadel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J. W.,
Hayes, D. J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C. D., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D. M., Natali,
S. M., Olefeldt, D., Romanovsky, V. E., Schaefer, K., Turetsky, M. R., Treat,
C. C., and Vonk, J. E.: Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback,
Nature, 520, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338,
2015. a
Semiletov, I., Dudarev, O., Luchin, V., Charkin, A., Shin, K.-H., and Tanaka,
N.: The East Siberian Sea as a transition zone between Pacific-derived waters
and Arctic shelf waters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L10614,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022490, 2005. a
Smith, J. C., Galy, A., Hovius, N., Tye, A. M., Turowski, J. M., and
Schleppi,
P.: Runoff-driven export of particulate organic carbon from soil in temperate
forested uplands, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 365, 198–208,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.01.027, 2013. a
Sparkes, R. B.: Raman fitting script, Manchester Metropolitan University,
https://doi.org/10.23634/MMUDR.00620208, 2018. a
Sparkes, R. B. and Maher, M.: Fitted Raman spectra from the East Siberian
Arctic Shelf, Manchester Metropolitan University,
https://doi.org/10.23634/MMUDR.00620207, 2018. a
Sparkes, R. B. and Maher, M.: Fitting parameters of Raman spectra from the
East Siberian Arctic Shelf, Manchester Metropolitan University,
https://doi.org/10.23634/MMUDR.00620209, 2018b. a
Sparkes, R. B., Doğrul Selver, A., Bischoff, J., Talbot, H. M.,
Gustafsson, Ö., Semiletov, I. P., Dudarev, O. V., and van Dongen, B. E.:
GDGT distributions on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf: implications for
organic carbon export, burial and degradation, Biogeosciences, 12,
3753–3768, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3753-2015, 2015. a, b, c, d, e, f
Sparkes, R. B., Doğrul Selver, A., Gustafsson, Ö., Semiletov, I. P.,
Haghipour, N., Wacker, L., Eglinton, T. I., Talbot, H. M., and van Dongen, B.
E.: Macromolecular composition of terrestrial and marine organic matter in
sediments across the East Siberian Arctic Shelf, The Cryosphere, 10,
2485–2500, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2485-2016, 2016. a, b, c, d, e
Sparkes, R. B., Maher, M., and Blewett, J.: Raw data, Manchester Metropolitan
University, https://doi.org/10.23634/MMUDR.00620205, 2018 a
Stein, R. and MacDonald, R.: The Organic Carbon
Cycle in the Arctic Ocean,
Springer, Berlin, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18912-8, 2004. a
Stendel, M. and Christensen, J. H.: Impact of global warming on permafrost
conditions in a coupled GCM, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1632,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014345, 2002. a
Strauss, J., Schirrmeister, L., Wetterich, S., Borchers, A., and Davydov,
S. P.: Grain-size properties and organic-carbon stock of Yedoma Ice Complex
permafrost from the Kolyma lowland, northeastern Siberia, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 26, gB3003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004104,
2012. a
Strauss, J., Schirrmeister, L., Grosse, G., Wetterich, S., Ulrich, M.,
Herzschuh, U., and Hubberten, H.-W.: The deep permafrost carbon pool of the
Yedoma region in Siberia and Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40,
6165–6170, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058088, 2013GL058088, 2013. a
Tarnocai, C., Canadell, J. G., Schuur, E. A. G., Kuhry, P., Mazhitova, G.,
and
Zimov, S.: Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost
region, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, GB2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003327,
2009. a, b
Tesi, T., Semiletov, I., Hugelius, G., Dudarev, O., Kuhry, P., and
Gustafsson,
Ö.: Composition and fate of terrigenous organic matter along the Arctic
land-ocean continuum in East Siberia: Insights from biomarkers and carbon
isotopes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 133, 235–256,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.045, 2014. a, b, c, d, e
Tesi, T., Semiletov, I., Dudarev, O., Andersson, A., and Gustafsson, Ö.:
Matrix association effects on hydrodynamic sorting and degradation of
terrestrial organic matter during cross-shelf transport in the Laptev and
East Siberian shelf seas, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo.,
121, 731–752, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003067,
2016. a, b, c
van Dongen, B. E., Semiletov, I., Weijers, J. W. H., and Gustafsson, Ö.:
Contrasting lipid biomarker composition of terrestrial organic matter
exported from across the Eurasian Arctic by the five great Russian Arctic
rivers, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB1011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002974,
2008.
a
Vonk, J. E. and Gustafsson, Ö.: Permafrost-carbon complexities, Nat.
Geosci., 6, 675–676, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1937, 2013. a
Vonk, J. E., van Dongen, B. E., and Gustafsson, Ö.: Selective
preservation
of old organic carbon fluvially released from sub-Arctic soils, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 37, L11605,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042909, 2010. a, b, c
Vonk, J. E., Sanchez-Garcia, L., van Dongen, B. E., Alling, V., Kosmach, D.,
Charkin, A., Semiletov, I. P., Dudarev, O. V., Shakhova, N., Roos, P.,
Eglinton, T. I., Andersson, A., and Gustafsson, Ö.: Activation of old
carbon by erosion of coastal and subsea permafrost in Arctic Siberia, Nature,
489, 137–140, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11392, 10.1038/nature11392, 2012. a, b, c, d, e, f
Vonk, J. E., Tank, S. E., Bowden, W. B., Laurion, I., Vincent, W. F.,
Alekseychik, P., Amyot, M., Billet, M. F., Canário, J., Cory, R. M.,
Deshpande, B. N., Helbig, M., Jammet, M., Karlsson, J., Larouche, J.,
MacMillan, G., Rautio, M., Walter Anthony, K. M., and Wickland, K. P.:
Reviews and syntheses: Effects of permafrost thaw on Arctic aquatic
ecosystems, Biogeosciences, 12, 7129–7167,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7129-2015, 2015. a
Winiger, P., Andersson, A., Eckhardt, S., Stohl, A., Semiletov, I. P.,
Dudarev,
O. V., Charkin, A., Shakhova, N., Klimont, Z., Heyes, C., and Gustafsson,
Ö.: Siberian Arctic black carbon sources constrained by model and
observation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114,
E1054–E1061, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613401114,
2017. a
Short summary
Ongoing climate change in the Siberian Arctic region has the potential to release large amounts of carbon, currently stored in permafrost, to the Arctic Shelf. Degradation can release this to the atmosphere as greenhouse gas. We used Raman spectroscopy to analyse a fraction of this carbon, carbonaceous material, a group that includes coal, lignite and graphite. We were able to trace this carbon from the river mouths and coastal erosion sites across the Arctic shelf for hundreds of kilometres.
Ongoing climate change in the Siberian Arctic region has the potential to release large amounts...