Articles | Volume 12, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2803-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2803-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Sep 2018
Research article |
| 03 Sep 2018
| 03 Sep 2018
Consumption of atmospheric methane by the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau alpine steppe ecosystem
Hanbo Yun
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
Key Laboratory for Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
Qingbai Wu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
Tong Yu
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
Zhou Lyu
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
Yuzhong Yang
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
Huijun Jin
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
Guojun Liu
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
Yang Qu
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
Licheng Liu
Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
Related authors
Yayi Niu, Yuqiang Li, Hanbo Yun, Xuyang Wang, Xiangwen Gong, Yulong Duan, and Jing Liu
Biogeosciences, 17, 6309–6326, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6309-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6309-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We report the results from continuous year-round CO2 observations from a sandy grassland in the Horqin Sandy Land using the eddy covariance technique. To quantify the diurnal, seasonal, and annual variation in net ecosystem CO2 exchange, gross primary productivity, and ecosystem respiration and to identify the different scales of environmental factors and the underlying mechanisms, we also explored how the annual precipitation affects the net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its components.
Xiaoying Li, Huijun Jin, Qi Feng, Qingbai Wu, Hongwei Wang, Ruixia He, Dongliang Luo, Xiaoli Chang, Raul-David Şerban, and Tao Zhan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5009–5026, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5009-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5009-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In Northeast China, the permafrost is more sensitive to climate warming and fire disturbances than the boreal and Arctic permafrost. Since 2016, a continuous ground hydrothermal regime and soil nutrient content observation system has been gradually established in Northeast China. The integrated dataset includes soil moisture content, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, ground temperatures at depths of 0–20 m, and active layer thickness from 2016 to 2022.
Zhengyang Lin, Ling Huang, Hanqin Tian, Anping Chen, and Xuhui Wang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-170, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-170, 2024
Preprint under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires release large amounts of greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming. We developed a new model that provides near-real-time estimates of wildfire emissions in China. Our model improves the accuracy of burned area measurements and incorporates advanced data in fuel loads and emission factors. We found that most emissions come from agricultural fires, while emissions from forests and grasslands are decreasing. This model will help reduce the environmental impacts of wildfires.
Yuzhong Yang, Qingbai Wu, Xiaoyan Guo, Lu Zhou, Helin Yao, Dandan Zhang, Zhongqiong Zhang, Ji Chen, and Guojun Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3755–3770, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the temporal data of stable isotopes in different waterbodies in the Beiluhe Basin in the hinterland of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) produced between 2017 and 2022. In this article, the first detailed stable isotope data of 359 ground ice samples are presented. This first data set provides a new basis for understanding the hydrological effects of permafrost degradation on the QTP.
Zhen Zhang, Benjamin Poulter, Joe R. Melton, William J. Riley, George H. Allen, David J. Beerling, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G. Canadell, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Philippe Ciais, Nicola Gedney, Peter O. Hopcroft, Akihiko Ito, Robert B. Jackson, Atul K. Jain, Katherine Jensen, Fortunat Joos, Thomas Kleinen, Sara Knox, Tingting Li, Xin Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle McDonald, Gavin McNicol, Paul A. Miller, Jurek Müller, Prabir K. Patra, Changhui Peng, Shushi Peng, Zhangcai Qin, Ryan M. Riggs, Marielle Saunois, Qing Sun, Hanqin Tian, Xiaoming Xu, Yuanzhi Yao, Xi Yi, Wenxin Zhang, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1584, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1584, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses global methane emissions from wetlands between 2000 and 2020 using multiple models. We found that wetland emissions increased by 6–7 Tg CH4 per year in the 2010s compared to the 2000s. Rising temperatures primarily drove this increase, while changes in precipitation and CO2 levels also played roles. Our findings highlight the importance of wetlands in the global methane budget and the need for continuous monitoring to understand their impact on climate change.
Marielle Saunois, Adrien Martinez, Benjamin Poulter, Zhen Zhang, Peter Raymond, Pierre Regnier, Joseph G. Canadell, Robert B. Jackson, Prabir K. Patra, Philippe Bousquet, Philippe Ciais, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Xin Lan, George H. Allen, David Bastviken, David J. Beerling, Dmitry A. Belikov, Donald R. Blake, Simona Castaldi, Monica Crippa, Bridget R. Deemer, Fraser Dennison, Giuseppe Etiope, Nicola Gedney, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Meredith A. Holgerson, Peter O. Hopcroft, Gustaf Hugelius, Akihito Ito, Atul K. Jain, Rajesh Janardanan, Matthew S. Johnson, Thomas Kleinen, Paul Krummel, Ronny Lauerwald, Tingting Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle C. McDonald, Joe R. Melton, Jens Mühle, Jurek Müller, Fabiola Murguia-Flores, Yosuke Niwa, Sergio Noce, Shufen Pan, Robert J. Parker, Changhui Peng, Michel Ramonet, William J. Riley, Gerard Rocher-Ros, Judith A. Rosentreter, Motoki Sasakawa, Arjo Segers, Steven J. Smith, Emily H. Stanley, Joel Thanwerdas, Hanquin Tian, Aki Tsuruta, Francesco N. Tubiello, Thomas S. Weber, Guido van der Werf, Doug E. Worthy, Yi Xi, Yukio Yoshida, Wenxin Zhang, Bo Zheng, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-115, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-115, 2024
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2). A consortium of multi-disciplinary scientists synthesize and update the budget of the sources and sinks of CH4. This edition benefits from important progresses in estimating emissions from lakes and ponds, reservoirs, and streams and rivers. For the 2010s decade, global CH4 emissions are estimated at 575 Tg CH4 yr-1, including ~65 % from anthropogenic sources.
Yiming Xu, Qianlai Zhuang, Bailu Zhao, Michael Billmire, Christopher Cook, Jeremy Graham, Nancy French, and Ronald Prinn
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1324, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1324, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We use a process-based model to simulate the fire impacts on soil thermal and hydrological dynamics and carbon budget of forest ecosystems in Northern Eurasia based on satellite-derived burn severity data. We find that fire severity generally increases in this region during the study period. Simulations indicate that fires increase soil temperature and water runoff. Fires lead the forest ecosystems to lose 2.3 Pg C, shifting the forests from a carbon sink to a source in this period.
Rongyun Tang, Mingzhou Jin, Jiafu Mao, Daniel M. Ricciuto, Anping Chen, and Yulong Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1525–1542, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1525-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1525-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon-rich boreal peatlands are at risk of burning. The reproducibility and predictability of rare peatland fire events are investigated by constructing a two-step error-correcting machine learning framework to tackle such complex systems. Fire occurrence and impacts are highly predictable with our approach. Factor-controlling simulations revealed that temperature, moisture, and freeze–thaw cycles control boreal peatland fires, indicating thermal impacts on causing peat fires.
Chao Wang, Stephen Leisz, Li Li, Xiaoying Shi, Jiafu Mao, Yi Zheng, and Anping Chen
Earth Syst. Dynam., 15, 75–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-75-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-75-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change can significantly impact river runoff; however, predicting future runoff is challenging. Using historical runoff gauge data to evaluate model performances in runoff simulations for the Mekong River, we quantify future runoff changes in the Mekong River with the best simulation combination. Results suggest a significant increase in the annual runoff, along with varied seasonal distributions, thus heightening the need for adapted water resource management measures.
Ye Yuan, Qianlai Zhuang, Bailu Zhao, and Narasinha Shurpali
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1047, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1047, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
We use a biogeochemistry model to calculate the regional N2O emissions considering the effects of N2O uptake, thawing permafrost, and N deposition. Our simulations show there is an increasing trend in regional net N2O emissions from 1969 to 2019. Annual N2O emissions exhibited big spatial variabilities. Nitrogen deposition leads to a significant increase in emission. Our results suggest that in the future, the pan-Arctic terrestrial ecosystem might act as an even larger N2O.
Xiangyu Liu and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 20, 1181–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We are among the first to quantify methane emissions from inland water system in the pan-Arctic. The total CH4 emissions are 36.46 Tg CH4 yr−1 during 2000–2015, of which wetlands and lakes were 21.69 Tg yr−1 and 14.76 Tg yr−1, respectively. By using two non-overlap area change datasets with land and lake models, our simulation avoids small lakes being counted twice as both lake and wetland, and it narrows the gap between two different methods used to quantify regional CH4 emissions.
Bailu Zhao and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 20, 251–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we use a process-based model to simulate the northern peatland's C dynamics in response to future climate change during 1990–2300. Northern peatlands are projected to be a C source under all climate scenarios except for the mildest one before 2100 and C sources under all scenarios afterwards.
We find northern peatlands are a C sink until pan-Arctic annual temperature reaches −2.09 to −2.89 °C. This study emphasizes the vulnerability of northern peatlands to climate change.
Licheng Liu, Shaoming Xu, Jinyun Tang, Kaiyu Guan, Timothy J. Griffis, Matthew D. Erickson, Alexander L. Frie, Xiaowei Jia, Taegon Kim, Lee T. Miller, Bin Peng, Shaowei Wu, Yufeng Yang, Wang Zhou, Vipin Kumar, and Zhenong Jin
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2839–2858, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2839-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2839-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
By incorporating the domain knowledge into a machine learning model, KGML-ag overcomes the well-known limitations of process-based models due to insufficient representations and constraints, and unlocks the “black box” of machine learning models. Therefore, KGML-ag can outperform existing approaches on capturing the hot moment and complex dynamics of N2O flux. This study will be a critical reference for the new generation of modeling paradigm for biogeochemistry and other geoscience processes.
Youhua Ran, Xin Li, Guodong Cheng, Jingxin Che, Juha Aalto, Olli Karjalainen, Jan Hjort, Miska Luoto, Huijun Jin, Jaroslav Obu, Masahiro Hori, Qihao Yu, and Xiaoli Chang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 865–884, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Datasets including ground temperature, active layer thickness, the probability of permafrost occurrence, and the zonation of hydrothermal condition with a 1 km resolution were released by integrating unprecedentedly large amounts of field data and multisource remote sensing data using multi-statistical\machine-learning models. It updates the understanding of the current thermal state and distribution for permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere.
Junrong Zha and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 18, 6245–6269, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6245-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6245-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study incorporated moss into an extant biogeochemistry model to simulate the role of moss in carbon dynamics in the Arctic. The interactions between higher plants and mosses and their competition for energy, water, and nutrients are considered in our study. We found that, compared with the previous model without moss, the new model estimated a much higher carbon accumulation in the region during the last century and this century.
Yayi Niu, Yuqiang Li, Hanbo Yun, Xuyang Wang, Xiangwen Gong, Yulong Duan, and Jing Liu
Biogeosciences, 17, 6309–6326, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6309-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6309-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We report the results from continuous year-round CO2 observations from a sandy grassland in the Horqin Sandy Land using the eddy covariance technique. To quantify the diurnal, seasonal, and annual variation in net ecosystem CO2 exchange, gross primary productivity, and ecosystem respiration and to identify the different scales of environmental factors and the underlying mechanisms, we also explored how the annual precipitation affects the net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its components.
Junrong Zha and Qianla Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 17, 4591–4610, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4591-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4591-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study incorporated microbial dormancy into a detailed microbe-based biogeochemistry model to examine the fate of Arctic carbon budgets under changing climate conditions. Compared with the model without microbial dormancy, the new model estimated a much higher carbon accumulation in the region during the last and current century. This study highlights the importance of the representation of microbial dormancy in earth system models to adequately quantify the carbon dynamics in the Arctic.
Junfeng Wang, Qingbai Wu, Ziqiang Yuan, and Hojeong Kang
The Cryosphere, 14, 2835–2848, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2835-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2835-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The active layer, a buffer between permafrost and the atmosphere, is more sensitive and responds more quickly to climate change. How the freeze–thaw action at different stages regulates carbon emissions is still unclear. We conducted 2-year continuous in situ measurements in an alpine meadow permafrost ecosystem in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and found the freeze–thaw process modified the Rs dynamics differently in different stages. Results suggest great changes in freeze–thaw process patterns.
Marielle Saunois, Ann R. Stavert, Ben Poulter, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G. Canadell, Robert B. Jackson, Peter A. Raymond, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Sander Houweling, Prabir K. Patra, Philippe Ciais, Vivek K. Arora, David Bastviken, Peter Bergamaschi, Donald R. Blake, Gordon Brailsford, Lori Bruhwiler, Kimberly M. Carlson, Mark Carrol, Simona Castaldi, Naveen Chandra, Cyril Crevoisier, Patrick M. Crill, Kristofer Covey, Charles L. Curry, Giuseppe Etiope, Christian Frankenberg, Nicola Gedney, Michaela I. Hegglin, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Gustaf Hugelius, Misa Ishizawa, Akihiko Ito, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Katherine M. Jensen, Fortunat Joos, Thomas Kleinen, Paul B. Krummel, Ray L. Langenfelds, Goulven G. Laruelle, Licheng Liu, Toshinobu Machida, Shamil Maksyutov, Kyle C. McDonald, Joe McNorton, Paul A. Miller, Joe R. Melton, Isamu Morino, Jurek Müller, Fabiola Murguia-Flores, Vaishali Naik, Yosuke Niwa, Sergio Noce, Simon O'Doherty, Robert J. Parker, Changhui Peng, Shushi Peng, Glen P. Peters, Catherine Prigent, Ronald Prinn, Michel Ramonet, Pierre Regnier, William J. Riley, Judith A. Rosentreter, Arjo Segers, Isobel J. Simpson, Hao Shi, Steven J. Smith, L. Paul Steele, Brett F. Thornton, Hanqin Tian, Yasunori Tohjima, Francesco N. Tubiello, Aki Tsuruta, Nicolas Viovy, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Thomas S. Weber, Michiel van Weele, Guido R. van der Werf, Ray F. Weiss, Doug Worthy, Debra Wunch, Yi Yin, Yukio Yoshida, Wenxin Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Yuanhong Zhao, Bo Zheng, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1561–1623, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. We have established a consortium of multidisciplinary scientists under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project to synthesize and stimulate new research aimed at improving and regularly updating the global methane budget. This is the second version of the review dedicated to the decadal methane budget, integrating results of top-down and bottom-up estimates.
Tong Yu and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 17, 3643–3657, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3643-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3643-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle. However, the fixation rate has usually been measured or estimated at a particular observational site. This study develops a BNF model considering the symbiotic relationship between legume plants and bacteria. The model is extensively calibrated with site-level observational data and then extrapolated to the global terrestrial ecosystems to quantify the fixation rate in the 1990s.
Sofya Guseva, Tobias Bleninger, Klaus Jöhnk, Bruna Arcie Polli, Zeli Tan, Wim Thiery, Qianlai Zhuang, James Anthony Rusak, Huaxia Yao, Andreas Lorke, and Victor Stepanenko
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 697–715, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-697-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-697-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We compare lake models with different complexity focusing on the key factors (e.g., eddy diffusivity) which can have an influence on the distribution of the dissolved gases in water. For the first time, we compare the biogeochemical modules in the ALBM and LAKE models. The result showed a good agreement with observed data (O2), but not for CO2. It indicates the need to improve the representation of physical and biogeochemical processes in lake models.
Bin Cao, Tingjun Zhang, Qingbai Wu, Yu Sheng, Lin Zhao, and Defu Zou
The Cryosphere, 13, 511–519, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-511-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-511-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Many maps have been produced to estimate permafrost distribution over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. However the evaluation and inter-comparisons of them are poorly understood due to limited in situ measurements. We provided an in situ inventory of evidence of permafrost presence or absence, with 1475 sites over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Based on the in situ measurements, our evaluation results showed a wide range of map performance, and the estimated permafrost region and area are extremely large.
Tong Yu and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 16, 207–222, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-207-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-207-2019, 2019
Shuhua Yi, Yujie He, Xinlei Guo, Jianjun Chen, Qingbai Wu, Yu Qin, and Yongjian Ding
The Cryosphere, 12, 3067–3083, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3067-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3067-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Coarse-fragment soil on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau has different thermal and hydrological properties to soils commonly used in modeling studies. We took soil samples and measured their physical properties in a laboratory, which were used in a model to simulate their effects on permafrost dynamics. Model errors were reduced using the measured properties, in which porosity played an dominant role.
Junrong Zha and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 15, 5621–5634, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5621-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5621-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study used a detailed microbial-based soil decomposition biogeochemistry model to examine the fate of much arctic soil carbon under changing climate conditions. We found that the detailed microbial decomposition biogeochemistry model estimated a much lower carbon accumulation in the region during this century. The amount of soil carbon considered in the 21st-century simulations determines the regional carbon sink and source strengths, regardless of the complexity of models used.
Yang Qu, Shamil Maksyutov, and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 15, 3967–3973, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3967-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3967-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an algorithm for a fast spin-up by finding the exact solution of a linearized system representing the cyclo-stationary state of a model and implemented it in a biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model. For the test sites with five different plant functional types, the new method saves over 90 % of the original spin-up time in site-level simulations. The developed spin-up method will be used for future quantification of carbon dynamics at fine spatiotemporal scales.
Licheng Liu, Qianlai Zhuang, Qing Zhu, Shaoqing Liu, Hella van Asperen, and Mari Pihlatie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 7913–7931, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7913-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7913-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
carbon monoxide (CO) plays an important role in atmosphere. We developed a model to quantify soil CO exchanges with the atmosphere. The simulation is conducted for various ecosystems on a global scale during the 20th and 21st centuries. We found that areas near the Equator, the eastern US, Europe and eastern Asia are the largest sinks due to optimum soil moisture and high temperature. This study will benefit the modeling of the global climate and atmospheric chemistry.
Thibaud Thonat, Marielle Saunois, Philippe Bousquet, Isabelle Pison, Zeli Tan, Qianlai Zhuang, Patrick M. Crill, Brett F. Thornton, David Bastviken, Ed J. Dlugokencky, Nikita Zimov, Tuomas Laurila, Juha Hatakka, Ove Hermansen, and Doug E. J. Worthy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8371–8394, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8371-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8371-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric methane simulations in the Arctic have been made for 2012 and compared to continuous observations at six measurement sites. All methane sources significantly affect the measurements at all stations, at least at the synoptic scale, except for biomass burning. An appropriate modelling framework combined with continuous observations of atmospheric methane enables us to gain knowledge on regional methane sources, including those which are usually poorly represented, such as freshwater.
Sirui Wang, Qianlai Zhuang, and Zicheng Yu
Biogeosciences, 13, 6305–6319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6305-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6305-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We used a model to quantify the carbon stock and its changes in terrestrial ecosystems of Alaska during the last 15 000 years. We found that the changes in vegetation distribution due to climate were the key factors in the spatial variations of carbon in different time periods. The warming during 11–9 k years ago characterized by the increased summer temperature and seasonality of radiation, along with the high precipitation, might play an important role in causing the high carbon accumulation.
Zeli Tan, Qianlai Zhuang, Daven K. Henze, Christian Frankenberg, Ed Dlugokencky, Colm Sweeney, Alexander J. Turner, Motoki Sasakawa, and Toshinobu Machida
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12649–12666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12649-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12649-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Methane emissions from the pan-Arctic could be important in understanding the global carbon cycle but are still poorly constrained to date. This study demonstrated that satellite retrievals can be used to reduce the uncertainty of the estimates of these emissions. We also provided additional evidence for the existence of large methane emissions from pan-Arctic lakes in the Siberian yedoma permafrost region. We found that biogeochemical models should be improved for better estimates.
Qingbai Wu, Zhongqiong Zhang, Siru Gao, and Wei Ma
The Cryosphere, 10, 1695–1706, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1695-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1695-2016, 2016
Ji Chen, Yu Sheng, Qingbai Wu, Lin Zhao, Jing Li, and Jingyi Zhao
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-134, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-134, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The extreme thin and short-time snow cover in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau is predominantly during spring and autumn. Removal of seasonal snow cover is beneficial for cooling the active layer in the first few years. Seasonal snow cover maintains the high water content of the active layer because of the inhibitory action of snow cover on the evaporation capacity in the natural site during the daytime and in summer. Snow removal can therefore lead to a rapid decrease of soil moisture.
Shengyun Chen, Wenjie Liu, Qian Zhao, Lin Zhao, Qingbai Wu, Xingjie Lu, Shichang Kang, Xiang Qin, Shilong Chen, Jiawen Ren, and Dahe Qin
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-80, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2016-80, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Experimental warming was manipulated using open top chambers in alpine grassland ecosystem in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results revealed variations of earlier thawing, later freezing and longer freezing-thawing periods in shallow soil. Further, the estimated permafrost table declined under the warming scenarios. The work will be helpful to evaluate the stability of Qinghai-Tibet Railway/Highway and estimate the release of carbon under the future climate warming.
X. Lu and Q. Zhuang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-10411-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-10411-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
T. J. Bohn, J. R. Melton, A. Ito, T. Kleinen, R. Spahni, B. D. Stocker, B. Zhang, X. Zhu, R. Schroeder, M. V. Glagolev, S. Maksyutov, V. Brovkin, G. Chen, S. N. Denisov, A. V. Eliseev, A. Gallego-Sala, K. C. McDonald, M.A. Rawlins, W. J. Riley, Z. M. Subin, H. Tian, Q. Zhuang, and J. O. Kaplan
Biogeosciences, 12, 3321–3349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3321-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3321-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated 21 forward models and 5 inversions over western Siberia in terms of CH4 emissions and simulated wetland areas and compared these results to an intensive in situ CH4 flux data set, several wetland maps, and two satellite inundation products. In addition to assembling a definitive collection of methane emissions estimates for the region, we were able to identify the types of wetland maps and model features necessary for accurate simulations of high-latitude wetlands.
C. Mu, T. Zhang, Q. Wu, X. Peng, B. Cao, X. Zhang, B. Cao, and G. Cheng
The Cryosphere, 9, 479–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-479-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-479-2015, 2015
Q. Zhu, Q. Zhuang, D. Henze, K. Bowman, M. Chen, Y. Liu, Y. He, H. Matsueda, T. Machida, Y. Sawa, and W. Oechel
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-22587-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-22587-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
Y. He, Q. Zhuang, J. W. Harden, A. D. McGuire, Z. Fan, Y. Liu, and K. P. Wickland
Biogeosciences, 11, 4477–4491, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014, 2014
X. Zhu, Q. Zhuang, X. Lu, and L. Song
Biogeosciences, 11, 1693–1704, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1693-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1693-2014, 2014
Q. Zhu and Q. Zhuang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-6835-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-6835-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
Q. Zhu and Q. Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 10, 7943–7955, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7943-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7943-2013, 2013
S. Yi, J. Chen, Q. Wu, and Y. Ding
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-4703-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-4703-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
Related subject area
Discipline: Frozen ground | Subject: Biogeochemistry/Biology
Review article: Terrestrial dissolved organic carbon in northern permafrost
Environmental controls on observed spatial variability of soil pore water geochemistry in small headwater catchments underlain with permafrost
Responses of dissolved organic carbon to freeze–thaw cycles associated with the changes in microbial activity and soil structure
Molecular biomarkers in Batagay megaslump permafrost deposits reveal clear differences in organic matter preservation between glacial and interglacial periods
High nitrate variability on an Alaskan permafrost hillslope dominated by alder shrubs
Improved ELMv1-ECA simulations of zero-curtain periods and cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions at Alaskan Arctic tundra sites
The role of vadose zone physics in the ecohydrological response of a Tibetan meadow to freeze–thaw cycles
Permafrost thawing exhibits a greater influence on bacterial richness and community structure than permafrost age in Arctic permafrost soils
Large carbon cycle sensitivities to climate across a permafrost thaw gradient in subarctic Sweden
Carbonaceous material export from Siberian permafrost tracked across the Arctic Shelf using Raman spectroscopy
Landform partitioning and estimates of deep storage of soil organic matter in Zackenberg, Greenland
Liam Heffernan, Dolly N. Kothawala, and Lars J. Tranvik
The Cryosphere, 18, 1443–1465, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1443-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1443-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The northern permafrost region stores half the world's soil carbon. As the region warms, permafrost thaws and releases dissolved organic carbon, which leads to decomposition of this carbon pool or export into aquatic ecosystems. In this study we developed a new database of 2276 dissolved organic carbon concentrations in eight different ecosystems from 111 studies published over 22 years. This study highlights that coastal areas may play an important role in future high-latitude carbon cycling.
Nathan Alec Conroy, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Emma Lathrop, Dea Musa, Brent D. Newman, Chonggang Xu, Rachael E. McCaully, Carli A. Arendt, Verity G. Salmon, Amy Breen, Vladimir Romanovsky, Katrina E. Bennett, Cathy J. Wilson, and Stan D. Wullschleger
The Cryosphere, 17, 3987–4006, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3987-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3987-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study combines field observations, non-parametric statistical analyses, and thermodynamic modeling to characterize the environmental causes of the spatial variability in soil pore water solute concentrations across two Arctic catchments with varying extents of permafrost. Vegetation type, soil moisture and redox conditions, weathering and hydrologic transport, and mineral solubility were all found to be the primary drivers of the existing spatial variability of some soil pore water solutes.
You Jin Kim, Jinhyun Kim, and Ji Young Jung
The Cryosphere, 17, 3101–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3101-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3101-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrated the response of organic soils in the Arctic tundra to freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs), focusing on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The highlights found in this study are as follows: (i) FTCs altered DOC properties without decreasing soil microbial activities, and (ii) soil aggregate distribution influenced by FTCs changed DOC characteristics by enhancing microbial activities and altering specific-sized soil pore proportion.
Loeka L. Jongejans, Kai Mangelsdorf, Cornelia Karger, Thomas Opel, Sebastian Wetterich, Jérémy Courtin, Hanno Meyer, Alexander I. Kizyakov, Guido Grosse, Andrei G. Shepelev, Igor I. Syromyatnikov, Alexander N. Fedorov, and Jens Strauss
The Cryosphere, 16, 3601–3617, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3601-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3601-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Large parts of Arctic Siberia are underlain by permafrost. Climate warming leads to permafrost thaw. At the Batagay megaslump, permafrost sediments up to ~ 650 kyr old are exposed. We took sediment samples and analysed the organic matter (e.g. plant remains). We found distinct differences in the biomarker distributions between the glacial and interglacial deposits with generally stronger microbial activity during interglacial periods. Further permafrost thaw enhances greenhouse gas emissions.
Rachael E. McCaully, Carli A. Arendt, Brent D. Newman, Verity G. Salmon, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Cathy J. Wilson, Sanna Sevanto, Nathan A. Wales, George B. Perkins, Oana C. Marina, and Stan D. Wullschleger
The Cryosphere, 16, 1889–1901, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1889-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1889-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Degrading permafrost and shrub expansion are critically important to tundra biogeochemistry. We observed significant variability in soil pore water NO3-N in an alder-dominated permafrost hillslope in Alaska. Proximity to alder shrubs and the presence or absence of topographic gradients and precipitation events strongly influence NO3-N availability and mobility. The highly dynamic nature of labile N on small spatiotemporal scales has implications for nutrient responses to a warming Arctic.
Jing Tao, Qing Zhu, William J. Riley, and Rebecca B. Neumann
The Cryosphere, 15, 5281–5307, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5281-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5281-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We improved the DOE's E3SM land model (ELMv1-ECA) simulations of soil temperature, zero-curtain period durations, cold-season CH4, and CO2 emissions at several Alaskan Arctic tundra sites. We demonstrated that simulated CH4 emissions during zero-curtain periods accounted for more than 50 % of total emissions throughout the entire cold season (Sep to May). We also found that cold-season CO2 emissions largely offset warm-season net uptake currently and showed increasing trends from 1950 to 2017.
Lianyu Yu, Simone Fatichi, Yijian Zeng, and Zhongbo Su
The Cryosphere, 14, 4653–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4653-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4653-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The role of soil water and heat transfer physics in portraying the function of a cold region ecosystem was investigated. We found that explicitly considering the frozen soil physics and coupled water and heat transfer is important in mimicking soil hydrothermal dynamics. The presence of soil ice can alter the vegetation leaf onset date and deep leakage. Different complexity in representing vadose zone physics does not considerably affect interannual energy, water, and carbon fluxes.
Mukan Ji, Weidong Kong, Chao Liang, Tianqi Zhou, Hongzeng Jia, and Xiaobin Dong
The Cryosphere, 14, 3907–3916, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3907-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3907-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Old permafrost soil usually has more carbohydrates, while younger soil contains more aliphatic carbons, which substantially impacts soil bacterial communities. However, little is known about how permafrost age and thawing drive microbial communities. We found that permafrost thawing significantly increased bacterial richness in young permafrost and changed soil bacterial compositions at all ages. This suggests that thawing results in distinct bacterial species and alters soil carbon degradation.
Kuang-Yu Chang, William J. Riley, Patrick M. Crill, Robert F. Grant, Virginia I. Rich, and Scott R. Saleska
The Cryosphere, 13, 647–663, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-647-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost peatlands store large amounts of carbon potentially vulnerable to decomposition under changing climate. We estimated effects of climate forcing biases on carbon cycling at a thawing permafrost peatland in subarctic Sweden. Our results indicate that many climate reanalysis products are cold and wet biased in our study region, leading to erroneous active layer depth and carbon budget estimates. Future studies should recognize the effects of climate forcing uncertainty on carbon cycling.
Robert B. Sparkes, Melissa Maher, Jerome Blewett, Ayça Doğrul Selver, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor P. Semiletov, and Bart E. van Dongen
The Cryosphere, 12, 3293–3309, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3293-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ongoing climate change in the Siberian Arctic region has the potential to release large amounts of carbon, currently stored in permafrost, to the Arctic Shelf. Degradation can release this to the atmosphere as greenhouse gas. We used Raman spectroscopy to analyse a fraction of this carbon, carbonaceous material, a group that includes coal, lignite and graphite. We were able to trace this carbon from the river mouths and coastal erosion sites across the Arctic shelf for hundreds of kilometres.
Juri Palmtag, Stefanie Cable, Hanne H. Christiansen, Gustaf Hugelius, and Peter Kuhry
The Cryosphere, 12, 1735–1744, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1735-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1735-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to improve the previous soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage estimates for the Zackenberg area (NE Greenland) that were based on a land cover classification approach, by using geomorphological upscaling. The landform-based approach more correctly constrains the depositional areas in alluvial fans and deltas with high SOC and TN storage. This research emphasises the need to consider geomorphology when assessing SOC pools in mountain permafrost landscapes.
Cited articles
Bohn, T. J., Melton, J. R., Ito, A., Kleinen, T., Spahni, R., Stocker, B. D.,
Zhang, B., Zhu, X., Schroeder, R., Glagolev, M. V., Maksyutov, S., Brovkin,
V., Chen, G., Denisov, S. N., Eliseev, A. V., Gallego-Sala, A., McDonald, K.
C., Rawlins, M. A., Riley, W. J., Subin, Z. M., Tian, H., Zhuang, Q., and
Kaplan, J. O.: WETCHIMP-WSL: intercomparison of wetland methane emissions
models over West Siberia, Biogeosciences, 12, 3321–3349,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3321-2015, 2015.
Burba, G. G., Mcdermitt, D. K., and Grelle, A.: Addressing the influence of
instrument surface heat exchange on the measurements of CO2 flux from
open–path gas analyzers, Glob. Change Biol., 14, 1854–1876, 2008.
Cao, B., Gruber, S., and Zhang, T.: Spatial variability of active layer
thickness detected by ground–penetrating radar in the Qilian Mountains,
Western China, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 122, 574–591, 2017.
Cao, G., Xu, X., and Long, R.: Methane emissions by alpine plant communities
in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Biol. Lett., 4, 681–684, 2008.
Cate, R. B. and Nelson, L. A.: A simple statistical procedure for
partitioning soil test correlation data into two classes, Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J., 35, 658–660, 1971.
Chang, R., Miller, C., and Dinardo, S.: Methane emissions from Alaska in 2012
from CARVE airborne observations, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 16694–16699,
2014.
Chang, S. and Shi, P.: A review of research on responses of leaf traits to
climate change, Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 39, 206–216, 2015.
Chen, W., Wolf, B., and Zheng, X.: Annual methane uptake by temperate semiarid
steppes as regulated by stocking rates, aboveground plant biomass and
topsoil air permeability, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 2803–2816, 2011.
Curry, C.: Modeling the soil consumption at atmospheric methane at the global
scale, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB4012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002818, 2007.
Del, G., Parton, W., and Mosier, A. R.: General CH4 oxidation model
and comparisons of CH4 oxidation in natural and managed systems,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 999–1019, 2000.
Dengel, S., Zona, D., Sachs, T., Aurela, M., Jammet, M., Parmentier, F. J.
W., Oechel, W., and Vesala, T.: Testing the applicability of neural networks
as a gap-filling method using CH4 flux data from high latitude
wetlands, Biogeosciences, 10, 8185–8200, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8185-2013,
2013.
Falge, E., Baldocchi, D., and Olson, R.: Gap filling strategies for
defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 107,
43–69, 2001.
Foken, T. and Wichura, B.: Tools for quality assessment of surface-based flux
measurements, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 78, 83–105, 1996.
Gažovič, M., Kutzbach, L., and Schreiber, P.: Diurnal dynamics of
CH4 from a boreal peatland during snowmelt, Tellus B, 62, 133–139,
2010.
IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K.,
Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and
Midgley, P.M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New
York, NY, USA, 1535 pp., 2013.
Jansson, J. K. and Tas, N.: The microbial ecology of permafrost, Nat. Rev.
Microbiol., 12, 414–425, 2014.
Jiang, C., Yu, G., and Fang, H.: Short–term effect of increasing nitrogen
deposition on CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in an alpine
meadow on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China, Atmos. Environ., 44,
2920–2926, 2010.
Jin, H., Li, S., and Cheng, G.: Permafrost and climatic change in China,
Global Planet. Change, 26, 387–404, 2000.
Jørgensen, C. J., Johansen, K. M. L., and Westergaard-Nielsen, A.: Net
regional methane sink in High Arctic soils of northeast Greenland, Nat.
Geosci., 8, 20–23, 2015.
Kirschke, S., Bousquet, P., and Ciais, P.: Three decades of global methane
sources and sinks, Nat. Geosci., 6, 813–823, 2013.
Kolb, S.: The quest for atmospheric methane oxidizers in forest soils, Env.
Microbiol. Rep., 1, 336–346, 2009
Koven, C. D., Ringeval, B., and Friedlingstein, P.: Permafrost
carbon–climate feedbacks accelerate global warming, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
108, 14769–14774, 2011.
Lau, M., Stackhouse, B. T., and Layton, A. C.: An active atmospheric methane
sink in high Arctic mineral cryosols, ISME J., 9, 1880–1891, 2015.
Lecher, A. L., Dimova, N., and Sparrow K.,J.: Methane transport from the
active layer to lakes in the Arctic using Toolik Lake, Alaska, as a case
study, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 3636–3640, 2015.
Lee, X., Massman, W., and Law, B. (Eds.): Handbook of Micrometeorology: A
Guide for Surface Flux Measurement and Analysis, Springer Science and
Business Media, Part of the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library
book series (ATSL), 29, https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2265-4, 2006.
Li, K., Gong, Y., and Song, W.: Responses of CH4, CO2 and
N2O fluxes to increasing nitrogen deposition in alpine grassland of
the Tianshan Mountains, Chemosphere, 88, 140–143, 2012.
Liebner, S., Zeyer, J., and Wagner, D.: Methane oxidation associated with
submerged brown mosses reduces methane emissions from Siberian polygonal
tundra, J. Ecol., 99, 914–922, 2011.
Lin, Z., Burn, C. R., and Niu, F.: The Thermal Regime, including a Reversed
Thermal Offset, of Arid Permafrost Sites with Variations in Vegetation Cover
Density, Wudaoliang Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Permafrost Periglac., 26,
142–159, 2015.
Loescher, H. W., Law, B. E., and Mahrt, L: Uncertainties in, and
interpretation of, carbon flux estimates using the eddy covariance technique,
J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21S90, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006932, 2006.
Lund, M., Lafleur, P. M., and Roulet, N. T.:Variability in exchange of CO2 across 12 northern peatland and tundra sites. Glob. Change Biol., 16, 2436–2448, 2010.
Luo, G. J., Brüggemann, N., Wolf, B., Gasche, R., Grote, R., and
Butterbach-Bahl, K.: Decadal variability of soil CO2, NO,
N2O, and CH4 fluxes at the Höglwald Forest, Germany,
Biogeosciences, 9, 1741–1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1741-2012, 2012.
Mastepanov, M., Sigsgaard, C., and Dlugokencky, E. J.: Large tundra methane
burst during onset of freezing, Nature, 456, 628–630, 2008.
Mastepanov, M., Sigsgaard, C., Tagesson, T., Ström, L., Tamstorf, M. P.,
Lund, M., and Christensen, T. R.: Revisiting factors controlling methane
emissions from high-Arctic tundra, Biogeosciences, 10, 5139–5158,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5139-2013, 2013.
Mauder, M., Cuntz, M., and Drüe, C.: A strategy for quality and
uncertainty assessment of long–term eddy–covariance measurements, Agr.
Forest Meteorol., 169, 122–135, 2013.
McGuire, A. D., Christensen, T. R., Hayes, D., Heroult, A., Euskirchen, E.,
Kimball, J. S., Koven, C., Lafleur, P., Miller, P. A., Oechel, W., Peylin,
P., Williams, M., and Yi, Y.: An assessment of the carbon balance of Arctic
tundra: comparisons among observations, process models, and atmospheric
inversions, Biogeosciences, 9, 3185–3204, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3185-2012,
2012.
Moncrieff, J., Clement, R., and Finnigan, J.: Averaging, detrending, and
filtering of eddy covariance time series, in: Handbook of micrometeorology,
edited by: Lee, X., Massman, W., and Law, B., Springer Netherlands, 29,
7–31, 2004.
Muller, S. W.: Permafrost or permanently frozen ground and related
engineering problems, Military Intelligence Division Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, 2, 6–10, 1947.
Oh, Y., Stackhouse, B., and Lau, M.: A scalable model for methane consumption
in arctic mineral soils, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 5143–5150, 2016.
Panikov, N. S. and Dedysh, S. N.: Cold season CH4 and CO2
emission from boreal peat bogs (West Siberia): Winter fluxes and thaw
activation dynamics, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 1071–1080, 2000.
Papale, D., Reichstein, M., Aubinet, M., Canfora, E., Bernhofer, C., Kutsch,
W., Longdoz, B., Rambal, S., Valentini, R., Vesala, T., and Yakir, D.:
Towards a standardized processing of Net Ecosystem Exchange measured with
eddy covariance technique: algorithms and uncertainty estimation,
Biogeosciences, 3, 571–583, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-571-2006, 2006.
Patra, P. K. and Kort, E. A.: Regional Methane Emission Estimation Based on
Observed Atmospheric Concentrations (2002–2012), J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn.,
Ser. II, 94, 91–113, 2016.
Qin, Y., Wu, T., and Li, R.: Using ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset to assess
the changes of ground surface freezing and thawing condition on the
Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Environ. Earth Sci., 75, 1–13, 2016.
Rigby, M., Prinn, R. G., and Fraser, P. J.: Renewed growth of atmospheric
methane, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 2–7, 2008.
Rivkina, E., Laurinavichius, K., and McGrath, J.: Microbial life in
permafrost, Adv. Space Res., 33, 1215–1221, 2004.
Segers, R.: Methane production and methane consumptiona–review of processes
underlying wetland methane fluxes [Review], Biogeochemistry, 41, 23–51,
1998.
Shi, P., Sun, X., and Xu, L.: Net ecosystem CO2 exchange and
controlling factors in a steppe–Kobresia meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, Sci.
China Ser. D, 49, 207–218, 2006.
Song, W., Wang, H., and Wang, G.: Methane emissions from an alpine wetland on
the Tibetan Plateau: Neglected but vital contribution of the nongrowing
season, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 120, 1475–1490, 2015.
Spahni, R., Wania, R., Neef, L., van Weele, M., Pison, I., Bousquet, P.,
Frankenberg, C., Foster, P. N., Joos, F., Prentice, I. C., and van Velthoven,
P.: Constraining global methane emissions and uptake by ecosystems,
Biogeosciences, 8, 1643–1665, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1643-2011, 2011.
Steinkamp, R., Butterbach-Bahl, K., and Papen, H.: Methane oxidation by
soils of an N limited and N fertilized spruce forest in the Black Forest,
Germany, Soil. Biol. Biochem., 33, 145–153, 2001.
Sturtevant, C. S., Oechel, W. C., Zona, D., Kim, Y., and Emerson, C. E.: Soil
moisture control over autumn season methane flux, Arctic Coastal Plain of
Alaska, Biogeosciences, 9, 1423–1440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1423-2012, 2012.
Tang, Y., Wan, S., and He, J.: Foreword to the special issue: looking into the impacts of global warming from the roof of the world, J. Plant Ecol., 2, 169–171, 2009.
Treat, C. C., Wollheim, W. M., and Varner, R. K.: Temperature and peat type
control CO2 and CH4 production in Alaskan permafrost peats,
Glob. Change Biol., 20, 2674–2686, 2014.
Vickers, D. and Mahrt, L.: Quality control and flux sampling problems for
tower and aircraft data, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 14, 512–526, 1997.
Wang, G., Li, Y., and Wang, Y.: Effects of permafrost thawing on vegetation
and soil carbon pool losses on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China, Geoderma,
143, 143– 52, 2008.
Wang, S., Jin, H., and Li, S.: Permafrost degradation on the Qinghai–Tibet
Plateau and its environmental impacts, Permafrost Periglac., 11, 43–53,
2000.
Wang, Y., Liu, H., and Chung, H.: Non-growing season soil respiration is
controlled by freezing and thawing processes in the summer monsoon-dominated
Tibetan alpine grassland, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 28, 1081–1095, 2014.
Webb, E. K., Pearman, G. I., and Leuning, R.: Correction of flux measurements
for density effects due to heat and water vapor transfer, Q. J. Roy.
Meteorol. Soc., 106, 85–100, 1980.
Wei, D., Ri, X., and Wang, Y.: Responses of CO2, CH4 and
N2O fluxes to livestock exclosure in an alpine steppe on the Tibetan
Plateau, China, Plant Soil, 359, 45–55, 2012.
Wei, D., Ri, X., and Tarchen, T.: Considerable methane uptake by alpine
grasslands despite the cold climate: In situ measurements on the central
Tibetan Plateau, 2008–2013, Glob. Change Biol., 21, 777–788, 2015a.
Wei, D., Tarchen, T., and Dai, D.: Revisiting the role of CH4
emissions from alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from two in
situ measurements at 4758 and 4320 m above sea level, J. Geophys.
Res.-Biogeo., 120, 1741–1750, 2015b.
Whalen, S. C.: Biogeochemistry of Methane Exchange between Natural Wetlands
and the Atmosphere, Environ. Eng. Sci., 22, 73–94, 2005.
Whalen, S. C. and Reeburgh, W. S.: Consumption of atmospheric methane by
tundra soils, Nature, 346, 160–162, 1990.
Whalen, S. C., Reeburgh, W. S., and Barber, V. A.: Oxidation of methane in
boreal forest soils: a comparison of seven measures, Biogeochemistry, 16,
181–211, 1992.
Wilson K., Goldstein, A., Falge, E., Aubinet, M., Baldocchi, D., P.,
Berbigier, Bernhofer, C., Ceulemans, R., Dolman, H., Field, C., Grelle, A.,
Ibrom, A., Law, B. E., Kowalski, A., Meyers, T., Moncrieff, J., Monson, R.,
Oechel, W., Tenhunen, J., Valentini, R., and Verma, S.: Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 113, 223–243, 2002.
Wu, Q. and Liu, Y.: Ground temperature monitoring and its recent change in
Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 38, 85–92, 2004.
Wu, Q. and Zhang, T.: Recent permafrost warming on the Qinghai–Tibetan
Plateau, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D13108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009539, 2008.
Wu, Q. and Zhang, T.: Changes in active layer thickness over the
Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau from 1995 to 2007, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D09107,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012974, 2010a.
Wu, Q. Zhang, T., and Liu, Y.: Permafrost temperatures and thickness on the
Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Global Planet. Change, 72, 32–38, 2010b.
Yang, S., Wen, X., and Shi, Y.: Hydrocarbon degraders establish at the costs
of microbial richness, abundance and keystone taxa after crude oil
contamination in permafrost environments, Sci. Rep., 6, 37473,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37473, 2016.
Zhu, X., Zhuang, Q., and Chen, M.: Net exchanges of methane and carbon
dioxide on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau from 1979 to 2100, Environ. Res.
Lett., 10, 085007, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/085007, 2004.
Zhuang, Q., Melillo, J. M., and Kicklighter, D. W.: Methane fluxes between
terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere at northern high latitudes during
the past century: A retrospective analysis with a process–based
biogeochemistry model, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB3010,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002239, 2004.
Zhuang, Q., Chen, M., and Xu, K.: Response of global soil consumption of
atmospheric methane to changes in atmospheric climate and nitrogen
deposition, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 27, 650–663, 2013.
Zona, D., Gioli, B., and Commane, R.: Cold season emissions dominate the
Arctic tundra methane budget, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 40–45, 2016.
Short summary
Here we reported the QTP permafrost region was a CH4 sink of −0.86 ± 0.23 g CH4-C m−2 yr−1 over 2012–2016, soil temperature and soil water content were dominant factors controlling CH4 fluxes, and their correlations changed with soil depth due to cryoturbation dynamics. This region was a net CH4 sink in autumn, but a net source in spring, despite both seasons experiencing similar top soil thawing and freezing dynamics.
Here we reported the QTP permafrost region was a CH4 sink of −0.86 ± 0.23 g CH4-C m−2 yr−1 over...
