Articles | Volume 18, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Jan 2024
Research article |
| 03 Jan 2024
| 03 Jan 2024
Modeling seasonal-to-decadal ocean–cryosphere interactions along the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica
Kazuya Kusahara
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan
Daisuke Hirano
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Masakazu Fujii
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Alexander D. Fraser
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, nipaluna/Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
Takeshi Tamura
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Kohei Mizobata
Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
Guy D. Williams
Marine Solutions Tasmania, Newtown, Tasmania, 7008, Australia
Shigeru Aoki
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
Related authors
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, and Takeshi Tamura
The Cryosphere, 15, 1697–1717, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model with a 2–3 km horizontal resolution to investigate ocean–ice shelf/glacier interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica. The numerical model reproduced the observed warm water intrusion along the deep trough in the bay. We examined in detail (1) water mass changes between the upper continental slope and shelf regions and (2) the fast-ice role in the ocean conditions and basal melting at the Shirase Glacier tongue.
Joey J. Voermans, Alexander D. Fraser, Jill Brouwer, Michael H. Meylan, Qingxiang Liu, and Alexander V. Babanin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2104, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2104, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Limited measurements of waves in sea ice exist, preventing our understanding of wave attenuation in sea ice under a wide range of ice conditions. Using satellite observations from ICESat-2 we observe an overall linear increase of the wave attenuation rate with distance into the marginal ice zone. While attenuation may vary greatly locally, this finding may provide opportunities for the modelling of waves in sea ice at global and climate scales when such fine detail may not be needed.
Katsuro Katsumata, Shigeru Aoki, Kay I. Ohshima, and Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2237, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2237, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ship-based observation provides data of such sea water properties as temperature, salinity, nutrients, and various gases, but some important world oceans have not still been covered. A voyage in 2019/20 in the southwest Indian Ocean along approximately 55° E from 30° S to the Antarctica attempted to fill one such data sparse regions. The measured cross section of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and accompanying eddies demonstrates various oceanic behaviours including fronts and eddy mixing.
Mutsumi Iizuka, Takuya Itaki, Osamu Seki, Ryosuke Makabe, Motoha Ojima, and Shigeru Aoki
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 37–53, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-37-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-37-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radiolarian fossils are valuable tools for understanding water mass distribution. However, they have not been used in the high-latitude Southern Ocean due to unclear radiolarian assemblages. Our study identifies four assemblages related to water masses and ice edge environments in the high-latitude Southern Ocean, offering insights for water mass reconstruction in this region.
Lingwei Zhang, Tessa R. Vance, Alexander D. Fraser, Lenneke M. Jong, Sarah S. Thompson, Alison S. Criscitiello, and Nerilie J. Abram
The Cryosphere, 17, 5155–5173, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5155-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5155-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Physical features in ice cores provide unique records of past variability. We identified 1–2 mm ice layers without bubbles in surface ice cores from Law Dome, East Antarctica, occurring on average five times per year. The origin of these bubble-free layers is unknown. In this study, we investigate whether they have the potential to record past atmospheric processes and circulation. We find that the bubble-free layers are linked to accumulation hiatus events and meridional moisture transport.
Jill Brouwer, Alexander D. Fraser, Damian J. Murphy, Pat Wongpan, Alberto Alberello, Alison Kohout, Christopher Horvat, Simon Wotherspoon, Robert A. Massom, Jessica Cartwright, and Guy D. Williams
The Cryosphere, 16, 2325–2353, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The marginal ice zone is the region where ocean waves interact with sea ice. Although this important region influences many sea ice, ocean and biological processes, it has been difficult to accurately measure on a large scale from satellite instruments. We present new techniques for measuring wave attenuation using the NASA ICESat-2 laser altimeter. By measuring how waves attenuate within the sea ice, we show that the marginal ice zone may be far wider than previously realised.
Tian R. Tian, Alexander D. Fraser, Noriaki Kimura, Chen Zhao, and Petra Heil
The Cryosphere, 16, 1299–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1299-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1299-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a comprehensive validation of a satellite observational sea ice motion product in Antarctica by using drifting buoys. Two problems existing in this sea ice motion product have been noticed. After rectifying problems, we use it to investigate the impacts of satellite observational configuration and timescale on Antarctic sea ice kinematics and suggest the future improvement of satellite missions specifically designed for retrieval of sea ice motion.
Jessica Cartwright, Alexander D. Fraser, and Richard Porter-Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 479–490, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-479-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-479-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the scale and remote nature of the polar regions, it is essential to use satellite remote sensing to monitor and understand them and their dynamics. Here we present data from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), processed in a manner proven for use in cryosphere studies. The data have been processed on three timescales (5 d, 2 d and 1 d) in order to optimise temporal resolution as each of the three MetOp satellites is launched.
Alexander D. Fraser, Robert A. Massom, Mark S. Handcock, Phillip Reid, Kay I. Ohshima, Marilyn N. Raphael, Jessica Cartwright, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Zhaohui Wang, and Richard Porter-Smith
The Cryosphere, 15, 5061–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Landfast ice is sea ice that remains stationary by attaching to Antarctica's coastline and grounded icebergs. Although a variable feature, landfast ice exerts influence on key coastal processes involving pack ice, the ice sheet, ocean, and atmosphere and is of ecological importance. We present a first analysis of change in landfast ice over an 18-year period and quantify trends (−0.19 ± 0.18 % yr−1). This analysis forms a reference of landfast-ice extent and variability for use in other studies.
Camilla K. Crockart, Tessa R. Vance, Alexander D. Fraser, Nerilie J. Abram, Alison S. Criscitiello, Mark A. J. Curran, Vincent Favier, Ailie J. E. Gallant, Christoph Kittel, Helle A. Kjær, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Lenneke M. Jong, Andrew D. Moy, Christopher T. Plummer, Paul T. Vallelonga, Jonathan Wille, and Lingwei Zhang
Clim. Past, 17, 1795–1818, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1795-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1795-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present preliminary analyses of the annual sea salt concentrations and snowfall accumulation in a new East Antarctic ice core, Mount Brown South. We compare this record with an updated Law Dome (Dome Summit South site) ice core record over the period 1975–2016. The Mount Brown South record preserves a stronger and inverse signal for the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (in austral winter and spring) compared to the Law Dome record (in summer).
Richard Porter-Smith, John McKinlay, Alexander D. Fraser, and Robert A. Massom
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3103–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3103-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3103-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the characteristic complexity
signaturesaround the Antarctic outer coastal margin, giving a multiscale estimate of the magnitude and direction of undulation or complexity at each point location along the entire coastline. It has numerous applications for both geophysical and biological studies and will contribute to Antarctic research requiring quantitative information about this important interface.
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, and Takeshi Tamura
The Cryosphere, 15, 1697–1717, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model with a 2–3 km horizontal resolution to investigate ocean–ice shelf/glacier interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica. The numerical model reproduced the observed warm water intrusion along the deep trough in the bay. We examined in detail (1) water mass changes between the upper continental slope and shelf regions and (2) the fast-ice role in the ocean conditions and basal melting at the Shirase Glacier tongue.
John J. Cassano, Melissa A. Nigro, Mark W. Seefeldt, Marwan Katurji, Kelly Guinn, Guy Williams, and Alice DuVivier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 969–982, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-969-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-969-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Between January 2012 and June 2017, a small unmanned aerial system (sUAS), or drone, known as the Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO), was used to observe the lowest 1000 m of the Antarctic atmosphere. During six Antarctic field campaigns, 116 SUMO flights were completed. These flights took place during all seasons over both permanent ice and ice-free locations on the Antarctic continent and over sea ice in the western Ross Sea providing unique observations of the Antarctic atmosphere.
Alexander D. Fraser, Robert A. Massom, Kay I. Ohshima, Sascha Willmes, Peter J. Kappes, Jessica Cartwright, and Richard Porter-Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2987–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Landfast ice, or
fast ice, is a form of sea ice which is mechanically fastened to stationary parts of the coast. Long-term and accurate knowledge of its extent around Antarctica is critical for understanding a number of important Antarctic coastal processes, yet no accurate, large-scale, long-term dataset of its extent has been available. We address this data gap with this new dataset compiled from satellite imagery, containing high-resolution maps of Antarctic fast ice from 2000 to 2018.
Stefanie Arndt, Mario Hoppmann, Holger Schmithüsen, Alexander D. Fraser, and Marcel Nicolaus
The Cryosphere, 14, 2775–2793, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020, 2020
Bruce L. Greaves, Andrew T. Davidson, Alexander D. Fraser, John P. McKinlay, Andrew Martin, Andrew McMinn, and Simon W. Wright
Biogeosciences, 17, 3815–3835, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3815-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3815-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We observed that variation in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) over 11 years showed a relationship with the species composition of hard-shelled phytoplankton in the seasonal ice zone (SIZ) of the Southern Ocean. Phytoplankton in the SIZ are productive during the southern spring and summer when the area is ice-free, with production feeding most Antarctic life. The SAM is known to be increasing with climate change, and changes in phytoplankton in the SIZ may have implications for higher life forms.
Yoshihiko Ohashi, Shigeru Aoki, Yoshimasa Matsumura, Shin Sugiyama, Naoya Kanna, and Daiki Sakakibara
Ocean Sci., 16, 545–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-545-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-545-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Subglacial freshwater discharge affects fjord circulation, material transport, and biological productivity. To better understand the influence of subglacial discharge on properties of vertical water mass profiles of Bowdoin Fjord in northwestern Greenland, observations and numerical experiments were conducted. The vertical distributions of turbid freshwater outflow near the surface and at the subsurface were likely due to the amount of subglacial discharge and fjord stratification, respectively.
Mana Inoue, Mark A. J. Curran, Andrew D. Moy, Tas D. van Ommen, Alexander D. Fraser, Helen E. Phillips, and Ian D. Goodwin
Clim. Past, 13, 437–453, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-437-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-437-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A 120 m ice core from Mill Island, East Antarctica, was studied its chemical components. The Mill Island ice core contains 97 years of climate record (1913–2009) and has a mean snow accumulation of 1.35 m yr−1 (ice equivalent). Trace ion concentrations were generally higher than other Antarctic ice core sites. Nearby sea ice concentration was found to influence the annual mean sea salt record. The Mill Island ice core records are unexpectedly complex, with strong modulation of the trace chemistry.
J. L. Lieser, M. A. J. Curran, A. R. Bowie, A. T. Davidson, S. J. Doust, A. D. Fraser, B. K. Galton-Fenzi, R. A. Massom, K. M. Meiners, J. Melbourne-Thomas, P. A. Reid, P. G. Strutton, T. R. Vance, M. Vancoppenolle, K. J. Westwood, and S. W. Wright
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-6187-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-6187-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Related subject area
Discipline: Other | Subject: Ocean Interactions
The macronutrient and micronutrient (iron and manganese) content of icebergs
Ice mélange melt changes observed water column stratification at a tidewater glacier in Greenland
Subglacial discharge effects on basal melting of a rotating, idealized ice shelf
Ice-shelf freshwater triggers for the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf melt tipping point in a global ocean–sea-ice model
Fjord circulation induced by melting icebergs
Impact of icebergs on the seasonal submarine melt of Sermeq Kujalleq
Reversal of ocean gyres near ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea caused by the interaction of sea ice and wind
Impact of freshwater runoff from the southwest Greenland Ice Sheet on fjord productivity since the late 19th century
Modeling intensive ocean–cryosphere interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica
Drivers for Atlantic-origin waters abutting Greenland
Impact of West Antarctic ice shelf melting on Southern Ocean hydrography
Ice island thinning: rates and model calibration with in situ observations from Baffin Bay, Nunavut
Quantifying iceberg calving fluxes with underwater noise
Modeling the effect of Ross Ice Shelf melting on the Southern Ocean in quasi-equilibrium
Jana Krause, Dustin Carroll, Juan Höfer, Jeremy Donaire, Eric P. Achterberg, Emilio Alarcón, Te Liu, Lorenz Meire, Kechen Zhu, and Mark J. Hopwood
The Cryosphere, 18, 5735–5752, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5735-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5735-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we analysed calved ice samples from both the Arctic and Antarctic to assess the variability in the composition of iceberg meltwater. Our results suggest that low concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in ice are primarily from the ice matrix, whereas sediment-rich layers impart a low concentration of silica and modest concentrations of iron and manganese. At a global scale, there are very limited differences in the nutrient composition of ice.
Nicole Abib, David A. Sutherland, Rachel Peterson, Ginny Catania, Jonathan D. Nash, Emily L. Shroyer, Leigh A. Stearns, and Timothy C. Bartholomaus
The Cryosphere, 18, 4817–4829, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4817-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4817-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The melting of ice mélange, or dense packs of icebergs and sea ice in glacial fjords, can influence the water column by releasing cold fresh water deep under the ocean surface. However, direct observations of this process have remained elusive. We use measurements of ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity bookending an episodic ice mélange event to show that this meltwater input changes the density profile of a glacial fjord and has implications for understanding tidewater glacier change.
Irena Vaňková, Xylar Asay-Davis, Carolyn Branecky Begeman, Darin Comeau, Alexander Hager, Matthew Hoffman, Stephen F. Price, and Jonathan Wolfe
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2297, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2297, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the effect of subglacial discharge on basal melting for Antarctic Ice Shelves. We find that the results from previous studies of vertical ice fronts and two-dimensional ice tongues do not translate to the rotating ice-shelf framework. The melt rate dependence on discharge is stronger in the rotating framework. Further, there is a substantial melt-rate sensitivity to the location of the discharge along the grounding line relative to the directionality of the Coriolis force.
Matthew J. Hoffman, Carolyn Branecky Begeman, Xylar S. Asay-Davis, Darin Comeau, Alice Barthel, Stephen F. Price, and Jonathan D. Wolfe
The Cryosphere, 18, 2917–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2917-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2917-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica is susceptible to the intrusion of deep, warm ocean water that could increase the melting at the ice-shelf base by a factor of 10. We show that representing this potential melt regime switch in a low-resolution climate model requires careful treatment of iceberg melting and ocean mixing. We also demonstrate a possible ice-shelf melt domino effect where increased melting of nearby ice shelves can lead to the melt regime switch at Filchner–Ronne.
Kenneth G. Hughes
The Cryosphere, 18, 1315–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A mathematical and conceptual model of how the melting of hundreds of icebergs generates currents within a fjord.
Karita Kajanto, Fiammetta Straneo, and Kerim Nisancioglu
The Cryosphere, 17, 371–390, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-371-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-371-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Many outlet glaciers in Greenland are connected to the ocean by narrow glacial fjords, where warm water melts the glacier from underneath. Ocean water is modified in these fjords through processes that are poorly understood, particularly iceberg melt. We use a model to show how iceberg melt cools down Ilulissat Icefjord and causes circulation to take place deeper in the fjord than if there were no icebergs. This causes the glacier to melt less and from a smaller area than without icebergs.
Yixi Zheng, David P. Stevens, Karen J. Heywood, Benjamin G. M. Webber, and Bastien Y. Queste
The Cryosphere, 16, 3005–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3005-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3005-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New observations reveal the Thwaites gyre in a habitually ice-covered region in the Amundsen Sea for the first time. This gyre rotates anticlockwise, despite the wind here favouring clockwise gyres like the Pine Island Bay gyre – the only other ocean gyre reported in the Amundsen Sea. We use an ocean model to suggest that sea ice alters the wind stress felt by the ocean and hence determines the gyre direction and strength. These processes may also be applied to other gyres in polar oceans.
Mimmi Oksman, Anna Bang Kvorning, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen, Kenneth David Mankoff, William Colgan, Thorbjørn Joest Andersen, Niels Nørgaard-Pedersen, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Naja Mikkelsen, and Sofia Ribeiro
The Cryosphere, 16, 2471–2491, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
One of the questions facing the cryosphere community today is how increasing runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet impacts marine ecosystems. To address this, long-term data are essential. Here, we present multi-site records of fjord productivity for SW Greenland back to the 19th century. We show a link between historical freshwater runoff and productivity, which is strongest in the inner fjord – influenced by marine-terminating glaciers – where productivity has increased since the late 1990s.
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, and Takeshi Tamura
The Cryosphere, 15, 1697–1717, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model with a 2–3 km horizontal resolution to investigate ocean–ice shelf/glacier interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica. The numerical model reproduced the observed warm water intrusion along the deep trough in the bay. We examined in detail (1) water mass changes between the upper continental slope and shelf regions and (2) the fast-ice role in the ocean conditions and basal melting at the Shirase Glacier tongue.
Laura C. Gillard, Xianmin Hu, Paul G. Myers, Mads Hvid Ribergaard, and Craig M. Lee
The Cryosphere, 14, 2729–2753, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2729-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2729-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Greenland's glaciers in contact with the ocean drain the majority of the ice sheet (GrIS). Deep troughs along the shelf branch into fjords, connecting glaciers with ocean waters. The heat from the ocean entering deep troughs may then accelerate the mass loss. Onshore heat transport through troughs was investigated with an ocean model. Processes that drive the delivery of ocean heat respond differently by region to increasing GrIS meltwater, mean circulation, and filtering out of storms.
Yoshihiro Nakayama, Ralph Timmermann, and Hartmut H. Hellmer
The Cryosphere, 14, 2205–2216, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2205-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2205-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies have shown accelerations of West Antarctic glaciers, implying that basal melt rates of these glaciers were small and increased in the middle of the 20th century. We conduct coupled sea ice–ice shelf–ocean simulations with different levels of ice shelf melting from West Antarctic glaciers. This study reveals how far and how quickly glacial meltwater from ice shelves in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas propagates downstream into the Ross Sea and along the East Antarctic coast.
Anna J. Crawford, Derek Mueller, Gregory Crocker, Laurent Mingo, Luc Desjardins, Dany Dumont, and Marcel Babin
The Cryosphere, 14, 1067–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1067-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1067-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large tabular icebergs (
ice islands) are symbols of climate change as well as marine hazards. We measured thickness along radar transects over two visits to a 14 km2 Arctic ice island and left automated equipment to monitor surface ablation and thickness over 1 year. We assess variation in thinning rates and calibrate an ice–ocean melt model with field data. Our work contributes to understanding ice island deterioration via logistically complex fieldwork in a remote environment.
Oskar Glowacki and Grant B. Deane
The Cryosphere, 14, 1025–1042, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1025-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1025-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Marine-terminating glaciers are shrinking rapidly in response to the warming climate and thus provide large quantities of fresh water to the ocean system. However, accurate estimates of ice loss at the ice–ocean boundary are difficult to obtain. Here we demonstrate that ice mass loss from iceberg break-off (calving) can be measured by analyzing the underwater noise generated as icebergs impact the sea surface.
Xiying Liu
The Cryosphere, 12, 3033–3044, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3033-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3033-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical experiments have been performed to study the effect of basal melting of the Ross Ice Shelf on the ocean southward of 35° S. It is shown that the melt rate averaged over the entire Ross Ice Shelf is 0.253 m year-1, which is associated with a freshwater flux of 3150 m3 s-1. The extra freshwater flux decreases the salinity in the Southern Ocean substantially, leading to anomalies in circulation, sea ice, and heat transport in certain parts of the ocean.
Cited articles
Adcroft, A., Hill, C., and Marshall, A. J.: Representation of topography by shaved cells in a height coordinate ocean model, Mon. Weather Rev., 125, 2293–2315, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2293:ROTBSC>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Adusumilli, S., Fricker, H. A., Medley, B., Padman, L., and Siegfried, M. R.: Interannual variations in meltwater input to the Southern Ocean from Antarctic ice shelves, Nat. Geosci., 13, 616–620, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0616-z, 2020.
Amante, C. and Eakins, B. W.: ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis, NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24, 19 pp., https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.769615, 2009.
Arndt, J. E., Schenke, H. W., Jakobsson, M., Nitsche, F. O., Buys, G., Goleby, B., Rebesco, M., Bohoyo, F., Hong, J., Black, J., Greku, R., Udintsev, G., Barrios, F., Reynoso-Peralta, W., Taisei, M., and Wigley, R.: The international bathymetric chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) version 1.0-A new bathymetric compilation covering circum-Antarctic waters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3111–3117, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50413, 2013.
Assmann, K. M., Jenkins, A., Shoosmith, D. R., Walker, D. P., Jacobs, S. S., and Nicholls, K. W.: Variability of circumpolar deep water transport onto the Amundsen Sea Continental shelf through a shelf break trough, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 6603–6620, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC008871, 2013.
Bell, B., Hersbach, H., Simmons, A., Berrisford, P., Dahlgren, P., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Soci, C., Villaume, S., Bidlot, J. R., Haimberger, L., Woollen, J., Buontempo, C., and Thépaut, J. N.: The ERA5 global reanalysis: Preliminary extension to 1950, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 147, 4186-4227, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4174, 2021.
Bindoff, N. L., Rosenberg, M. A., and Warner, M. J.: On the circulation of the waters over the Antarctic continental rise and slope between 80 and 150oE, Deep. Res. II, 47, 2299–2326, 2000.
Bracegirdle, T. J., Shuckburgh, E., Sallee, J. B., Wang, Z., Meijers, A. J. S., Bruneau, N., Phillips, T., and Wilcox, L. J.: Assessment of surface winds over the atlantic, indian, and pacific ocean sectors of the southern ocean in cmip5 models: Historical bias, forcing response, and state dependence, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 547–562, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50153, 2013.
Cavalieri, D. J., Gloersen, P., and Campbell, W. J.: Determination of sea ice parameters with the NIMBUS 7 SMMR, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 89, 5355–5369, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD089iD04p05355, 1984.
Chavanne, C. P., Heywood, K. J., Nicholls, K. W., and Fer, I.: Observations of the Antarctic Slope undercurrent in the Southeastern Weddell Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043603, 2010.
Dansereau, V., Heimbach, P., and Losch, M.: Simulation of subice shelf melt rates in a general circulation model: Velocity-dependent transfer and the role of friction, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 119, 1765–1790, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC008846, 2014.
DeConto, R. M. and Pollard, D.: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea-level rise, Nature, 531, 591–597, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17145, 2016.
Depoorter, M. A., Bamber, J. L., Griggs, J. A., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., van den Broeke, M. R., and Moholdt, G.: Calving fluxes and basal melt rates of Antarctic ice shelves, Nature, 502, 89–92, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12567, 2013.
DiGirolamo, N., Parkinson, C. L., Cavalieri, D. J., Gloersen, P., and Zwally, H. J.: Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, Version 2, Boulder, Colorado USA, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MPYG15WAA4WX, 2022.
Fraser, A. D., Massom, R. A., Michael, K. J., Galton-Fenzi, B. K., and Lieser, J. L.: East antarctic landfast sea ice distribution and variability, 2000–08, J. Climate, 25, 1137–1156, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-10-05032.1, 2012.
Fraser, A. D., Massom, R. A., Handcock, M. S., Reid, P., Ohshima, K. I., Raphael, M. N., Cartwright, J., Klekociuk, A. R., Wang, Z., and Porter-Smith, R.: Eighteen-year record of circum-Antarctic landfast-sea-ice distribution allows detailed baseline characterisation and reveals trends and variability, The Cryosphere, 15, 5061–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, 2021.
Fretwell, P., Pritchard, H. D., Vaughan, D. G., Bamber, J. L., Barrand, N. E., Bell, R., Bianchi, C., Bingham, R. G., Blankenship, D. D., Casassa, G., Catania, G., Callens, D., Conway, H., Cook, A. J., Corr, H. F. J., Damaske, D., Damm, V., Ferraccioli, F., Forsberg, R., Fujita, S., Gim, Y., Gogineni, P., Griggs, J. A., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., Holmlund, P., Holt, J. W., Jacobel, R. W., Jenkins, A., Jokat, W., Jordan, T., King, E. C., Kohler, J., Krabill, W., Riger-Kusk, M., Langley, K. A., Leitchenkov, G., Leuschen, C., Luyendyk, B. P., Matsuoka, K., Mouginot, J., Nitsche, F. O., Nogi, Y., Nost, O. A., Popov, S. V., Rignot, E., Rippin, D. M., Rivera, A., Roberts, J., Ross, N., Siegert, M. J., Smith, A. M., Steinhage, D., Studinger, M., Sun, B., Tinto, B. K., Welch, B. C., Wilson, D., Young, D. A., Xiangbin, C., and Zirizzotti, A.: Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 7, 375–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013, 2013.
GEBCO_2020 Grid: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/gebco_2020/ (last access: 22 May 2023), 2020.
Golledge, N. R., Kowalewski, D. E., Naish, T. R., Levy, R. H., Fogwill, C. J., and Gasson, E. G. W.: The multi-millennial Antarctic commitment to future sea-level rise, Nature, 526, 421–425, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15706, 2015.
Gong, D. and Wang, S.: Definition of Antarctic oscillation index, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 459–462, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900003, 1999.
Greenbaum, J. S., Blankenship, D. D., Young, D. A., Richter, T. G., Roberts, J. L., Aitken, A. R. A., Legresy, B., Schroeder, D. M., Warner, R. C., Van Ommen, T. D., and Siegert, M. J.: Ocean access to a cavity beneath Totten Glacier in East Antarctica, Nat. Geosci., 8, 294–298, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2388, 2015.
Greene, C. A., Gardner, A. S., Schlegel, N. J., and Fraser, A. D.: Antarctic calving loss rivals ice-shelf thinning, Nature, 609, 948–953, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05037-w, 2022.
Gwyther, D. E., Galton-Fenzi, B. K., Hunter, J. R., and Roberts, J. L.: Simulated melt rates for the Totten and Dalton ice shelves, Ocean Sci., 10, 267–279, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-267-2014, 2014.
Gwyther, D. E., O'Kane, T. J., Galton-Fenzi, B. K., Monselesan, D. P., and Greenbaum, J. S.: Intrinsic processes drive variability in basal melting of the Totten Glacier Ice Shelf, Nat. Commun., 9, 3141, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05618-2, 2018.
Gwyther, D. E., Kusahara, K., Asay-Davis, X. S., Dinniman, M. S., and Galton-Fenzi, B. K.: Vertical processes and resolution impact ice shelf basal melting: A multi-model study, Ocean Model., 147, 101569, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101569, 2020.
Hasumi, H.: CCSR Ocean Component Model (COCO) Version 4.0, http://ccsr.aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hasumi/COCO/ (last access: 22 May 2023), 2006.
Hellmer, H. H. and Olbers, D. J.: A two-dimensional model for the thermohaline circulation under an ice shelf, Antarct. Sci., 1, 325–336, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102089000490, 1989.
Herraiz-Borreguero, L. and Naveira Garabato, A. C.: Poleward shift of Circumpolar Deep Water threatens the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, Nat. Clim. Change, 12, 728–734, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01424-3, 2022.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková, M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay, P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J. N.: The ERA5 global reanalysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999–2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Heywood, K. J., Locarnini, R. A., Frew, R. D., Dennis, P. F., and King, B. A.: Transport and Water Masses of the Antarctic Slope Front System in The Eastern Weddell Sea, in: Antarctic Research Series Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin, edited by: Jacobs, S. S. and Weiss, R. F., American Geophysical Union, 203–214, https://doi.org/10.1029/ar075p0203, 1998.
Hirano, D., Mizobata, K., Sasaki, H., Murase, H., Tamura, T., and Aoki, S.: Poleward eddy-induced warm water transport across a shelf break off Totten Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, Commun. Earth Environ., 2, 153, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00217-4, 2021.
Hirano, D., Tamura, T., Kusahara, K., Fujii, M., Rintoul, S. R., Yamazaki, K., Nakayama, Y., Ono, K., Itaki, T., Aoyama, Y., Simizu, D., Mizobata, K., Ohshima, K. I., Nogi, Y., van Wijk, E., Greenbaum, J. S., Blankenship, D. D., Saito, K., and Aoki, S.: On-shelf circulation of warm water toward the Totten Ice Shelf in East Antarctica, Nat. Commun., 14, 4955, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39764-z, 2023.
Holland, D. M. and Jenkins, A.: Modeling thermodynamic ice–ocean interactions at the base of an ice shelf, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1787–1800, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1787:MTIOIA>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
IPCC: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN-10 1009157884, ISBN-13 978-1009157889, 2021.
Kara, A. B., Rochford, P. A., and Hurlburt, H. E.: Efficient and accurate bulk parameterizations of air–sea fluxes for use in general circulation models, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 17, 1421–1438, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<1421:EAABPO>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Khazendar, A., Schodlok, M. P., Fenty, I., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Rignot, E., and Van Den Broeke, M. R.: Observed thinning of Totten Glacier is linked to coastal polynya variability, Nat. Commun., 4, 2857, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3857, 2013.
Kimura, S., Jenkins, A., Regan, H., Holland, P. R., Assmann, K. M., Whitt, D. B., Van Wessem, M., van de Berg, W. J., Reijmer, C. H., and Dutrieux, P.: Oceanographic Controls on the Variability of Ice-Shelf Basal Melting and Circulation of Glacial Meltwater in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 10131–10155, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012926, 2017.
Kusahara, K.: Summertime linkage between Antarctic sea-ice extent and ice-shelf basal melting through Antarctic coastal water masses' variability: A circumpolar Southern Ocean model study, Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 074042, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac0de0, 2021.
Kusahara, K. and Hasumi, H.: Modeling Antarctic ice shelf responses to future climate changes and impacts on the ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 2454–2475, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20166, 2013.
Kusahara, K. and Hasumi, H.: Pathways of basal meltwater from Antarctic ice shelves: A model study, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 119, 5690–5704, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC009915, 2014.
Kusahara, K., Hasumi, H., Fraser, A. D., Aoki, S., Shimada, K., Williams, G. D., Massom, R., and Tamura, T.: Modeling ocean-cryosphere interactions off adélie and George V Land, East Antarctica, J. Climate, 30, 163–188, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0808.1, 2017.
Kusahara, K., Hirano, D., Fujii, M., Fraser, A. D., and Tamura, T.: Modeling intensive ocean–cryosphere interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 15, 1697–1717, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021, 2021.
Kusahara, K., Hirano, D., Fujii, M., Fraser, A., Tamura, T., Mizobata, K., Williams, G., and Aoki, S.: Data for “Modeling seasonal-to-decadal ocean-cryosphere interactions along the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica”, V1, Mendeley Data [data set], https://doi.org/10.17632/zf6h9pvxd8.1, 2023.
Li, R., Cheng, Y., Chang, T., Gwyther, D. E., Forbes, M., An, L., Xia, M., Yuan, X., Qiao, G., Tong, X., and Ye, W.: Satellite record reveals 1960s acceleration of Totten Ice Shelf in East Antarctica, Nat. Commun., 14, 4061, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39588-x, 2023.
Li, X., Rignot, E., Morlighem, M., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: Grounding line retreat of Totten Glacier, East Antarctica, 1996 to 2013, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 8049–8056, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065701, 2015.
Li, X., Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: Ice flow dynamics and mass loss of Totten Glacier, East Antarctica, from 1989 to 2015, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 6366–6373, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069173, 2016.
Liu, C., Wang, Z., Liang, X., Li, X., Li, X., Cheng, C., and Qi, D.: Topography-mediated Transport of Warm Deep Water across the Continental Shelf Slope, East Antarctica, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 52, 1295–1314, https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-22-0023.1, 2022.
Liu, Y., Liang, X. S., and Weisberg, R. H.: Rectification of the bias in the wavelet power spectrum, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 24, 2093–2102, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JTECHO511.1, 2007.
Liu, Y., Moore, J. C., Cheng, X., Gladstone, R. M., Bassis, J. N., Liu, H., Wen, J., and Hui, F.: Ocean-driven thinning enhances iceberg calving and retreat of Antarctic ice shelves, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 3263–3268, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1415137112, 2015.
Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Baranova, O. K., Boyer, T. P., Zweng, M. M., Garcia, H. E., Reagan, J. R., Seidov, D., Weathers, K. W., Paver, C. R., and Smolyar, I. V.: World Ocean Atlas 2018, Vol. 1: Temperature, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 81, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/world-ocean-atlas-2018/ (last access: 22 May 2023), 2018.
Malyarenko, A., Wells, A. J., Langhorne, P. J., Robinson, N. J., Williams, M. J. M., and Nicholls, K. W.: A synthesis of thermodynamic ablation at ice–ocean interfaces from theory, observations and models, Ocean Model., 154, 101692, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101692, 2020.
Marshall, J. and Speer, K.: Closure of the meridional overturning circulation through Southern Ocean upwelling, Nat. Geosci., 5, 171–180, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1391, 2012.
Marsland, S. J., Bindoff, N. L., Williams, G. D., and Budd, W. F.: Modeling water mass formation in the Mertz Glacier Polynya and Adélie Depression, East Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C11003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002441, 2004.
McCormack, F. S., Roberts, J. L., Gwyther, D. E., Morlighem, M., Pelle, T., and Galton-Fenzi, B. K.: The Impact of Variable Ocean Temperatures on Totten Glacier Stability and Discharge, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091790, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091790, 2021.
Miles, B. W. J., Stokes, C. R., Jamieson, S. S. R., Jordan, J. R., Gudmundsson, G. H., and Jenkins, A.: High spatial and temporal variability in Antarctic ice discharge linked to ice shelf buttressing and bed geometry, Sci. Rep.-UK, 12, 10968, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13517-2, 2022.
Milillo, P., Rignot, E., Rizzoli, P., Scheuchl, B., Mouginot, J., Bueso-Bello, J., and Prats-Iraola, P.: Heterogeneous retreat and ice melt of thwaites glacier, West Antarctica, Sci. Adv., 5, eaau3433, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau3433, 2019.
Mimura, N.: Sea-level rise caused by climate change and its implications for society, P. Jpn. Acad. B-Phys., 89, 281–301, https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.89.281, 2013.
Mizobata, K., Shimada, K., Aoki, S., and Kitade, Y.: The Cyclonic Eddy Train in the Indian Ocean Sector of the Southern Ocean as Revealed by Satellite Radar Altimeters and In Situ Measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015994, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015994, 2020.
Morales Maqueda, M. A., Willmott, A. J., and Biggs, N. R. T.: Polynya Dynamics: A review of observations and modeling, Rev. Geophys., 42, RG1004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002RG000116, 2004.
Morlighem, M.: MEaSUREs BedMachine Antarctica, Version 2, Boulder, Colorado USA, NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/E1QL9HFQ7A8M, 2020.
Morlighem, M., Rignot, E., Binder, T., Blankenship, D., Drews, R., Eagles, G., Eisen, O., Ferraccioli, F., Forsberg, R., Fretwell, P., Goel, V., Greenbaum, J. S., Gudmundsson, H., Guo, J., Helm, V., Hofstede, C., Howat, I., Humbert, A., Jokat, W., Karlsson, N. B., Lee, W. S., Matsuoka, K., Millan, R., Mouginot, J., Paden, J., Pattyn, F., Roberts, J., Rosier, S., Ruppel, A., Seroussi, H., Smith, E. C., Steinhage, D., Sun, B., van den Broeke, M. R., van Ommen, T. D., van Wessem, M., and Young, D. A.: Deep glacial troughs and stabilizing ridges unveiled beneath the margins of the Antarctic ice sheet, Nat. Geosci., 13, 132–137, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0510-8, 2020.
Mueller, R. D., Padman, L., Dinniman, M. S., Erofeeva, S. Y., Fricker, H. A., and King, M. A.: Impact of tide-topography interactions on basal melting of Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117, C05005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007263, 2012.
Nakata, K., Ohshima, K. I., and Nihashi, S.: Mapping of Active Frazil for Antarctic Coastal Polynyas, With an Estimation of Sea-Ice Production, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091353, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091353, 2021.
Nakayama, Y., Greene, C. A., Paolo, F. S., Mensah, V., Zhang, H., Kashiwase, H., Simizu, D., Greenbaum, J. S., Blankenship, D. D., Abe-Ouchi, A., and Aoki, S.: Antarctic Slope Current Modulates Ocean Heat Intrusions Towards Totten Glacier, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL094149, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094149, 2021.
Naughten, K. A., Holland, P. R., Dutrieux, P., Kimura, S., Bett, D. T., and Jenkins, A.: Simulated Twentieth-Century Ocean Warming in the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2021GL094566, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094566, 2022.
Neme, J., England, M. H., and Hogg, A. McC.: Projected Changes of Surface Winds Over the Antarctic Continental Margin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL098820, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098820, 2022.
Nihashi, S. and Ohshima, K. I.: Circumpolar mapping of Antarctic coastal polynyas and landfast sea ice: relationship and variability, J. Climate, 28, 3650–3670, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00369.1, 2015.
Nitsche, F. O., Porter, D., Williams, G., Cougnon, E. A., Fraser, A. D., Correia, R., and Guerrero, R.: Bathymetric control of warm ocean water access along the East Antarctic Margin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 8936–8944, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074433, 2017.
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information: ETOPO 2022 15 Arc-Second Global Relief Model, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information [data set], https://doi.org/10.25921/fd45-gt74, 2022.
Núñez-Riboni, I. and Fahrbach, E.: Seasonal variability of the Antarctic Coastal Current and its driving mechanisms in the Weddell Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 56, 1927–1941, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.06.005, 2009.
Orsi, A. H. and Webb, C. J.: Impact of Sea Ice Production off Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2021GL095613, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095613, 2022.
Otosaka, I. N., Shepherd, A., Ivins, E. R., Schlegel, N.-J., Amory, C., van den Broeke, M. R., Horwath, M., Joughin, I., King, M. D., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, A. J., Rignot, E., Scambos, T., Simon, K. M., Smith, B. E., Sørensen, L. S., Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P. L., A, G., Agosta, C., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Blazquez, A., Colgan, W., Engdahl, M. E., Fettweis, X., Forsberg, R., Gallée, H., Gardner, A., Gilbert, L., Gourmelen, N., Groh, A., Gunter, B. C., Harig, C., Helm, V., Khan, S. A., Kittel, C., Konrad, H., Langen, P. L., Lecavalier, B. S., Liang, C.-C., Loomis, B. D., McMillan, M., Melini, D., Mernild, S. H., Mottram, R., Mouginot, J., Nilsson, J., Noël, B., Pattle, M. E., Peltier, W. R., Pie, N., Roca, M., Sasgen, I., Save, H. V., Seo, K.-W., Scheuchl, B., Schrama, E. J. O., Schröder, L., Simonsen, S. B., Slater, T., Spada, G., Sutterley, T. C., Vishwakarma, B. D., van Wessem, J. M., Wiese, D., van der Wal, W., and Wouters, B.: Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1597–1616, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023, 2023.
Payne, A. J., Vieli, A., Shepherd, A. P., Wingham, D. J., and Rignot, E.: Recent dramatic thinning of largest West Antarctic ice stream triggered by oceans, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021284, 2004.
Pelle, T., Morlighem, M., and McCormack, F. S.: Aurora Basin, the Weak Underbelly of East Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2019GL086821, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086821, 2020.
Pelle, T., Morlighem, M., Nakayama, Y., and Seroussi, H.: Widespread Grounding Line Retreat of Totten Glacier, East Antarctica, Over the 21st Century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL093213, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093213, 2021.
Peña-Molino, B., McCartney, M. S., and Rintoul, S. R.: Direct observations of the Antarctic Slope Current transport at 113∘ E, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 7390–7407, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011594, 2016.
Pollard, D., DeConto, R. M., and Alley, R. B.: Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 412, 112–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.035, 2015.
Pritchard, H. D., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Fricker, H. A., Vaughan, D. G., van den Broeke, M. R., and Padman, L.: Antarctic ice-sheet loss driven by basal melting of ice shelves, Nature, 484, 502–505, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10968, 2012.
Rignot, E., Bamber, J. L., van den Broeke, M. R., Davis, C., Li, Y., van de Berg, W. J., and van Meijgaard, E.: Recent Antarctic ice mass loss from radar interferometry and regional climate modelling, Nat. Geosci., 1, 106–110, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo102, 2008.
Rignot, E., Jacobs, S., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: Ice-shelf melting around Antarctica, Science, 341, 266–270, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235798, 2013.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., Scheuchl, B., Van Den Broeke, M., Van Wessem, M. J., and Morlighem, M.: Four decades of Antarctic ice sheet mass balance from 1979–2017, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 1095–1103, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812883116, 2019.
Rintoul, S. R., Silvano, A., Pena-Molino, B., van Wijk, E., Rosenberg, M., Greenbaum, J. S., and Blankenship, D. D.: Ocean heat drives rapid basal melt of the Totten Ice Shelf, Sci. Adv., 2, e160161, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601610, 2016.
Roberts, J., Galton-Fenzi, B. K., Paolo, F. S., Donnelly, C., Gwyther, D. E., Padman, L., Young, D., Warner, R., Greenbaum, J., Fricker, H. A., Payne, A. J., Cornford, S., Le Brocq, A., Van Ommen, T., Blankenship, D., and Siegert, M. J.: Ocean forced variability of Totten Glacier mass loss, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 461, 175–186, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP461.6, 2018.
Schaffer, J. and Timmermann, R.: Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet topography, cavity geometry, and global bathymetry (RTopo-2), links to NetCDF files, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856844, 2016.
Schaffer, J., Timmermann, R., Arndt, J. E., Kristensen, S. S., Mayer, C., Morlighem, M., and Steinhage, D.: A global, high-resolution data set of ice sheet topography, cavity geometry, and ocean bathymetry, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 543–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-543-2016, 2016.
Sergienko, O. V.: No general stability conditions for marine ice-sheet grounding lines in the presence of feedbacks, Nat. Commun., 13, 2265, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29892-3, 2022.
Shepherd, A., Wingham, D., and Rignot, E.: Warm ocean is eroding West Antarctic Ice Sheet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021106, 2004.
Shepherd, A., Ivins, E. R., A, G., Barletta, V. R., Bentley, M. J., Bettadpur, S., Briggs, K. H., Bromwich, D. H., Forsberg, R., Galin, N., Horwath, M., Jacobs, S., Joughin, I., King, M. A., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Li, J., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Luckman, A., Luthcke, S. B., McMillan, M., Meister, R., Milne, G., Mouginot, J., Muir, A., Nicolas, J. P., Paden, J., Payne, A. J., Pritchard, H., Rignot, E., Rott, H., Sandberg Sørensen, L., Scambos, T. A., Scheuchl, B., Schrama, E. J. O., Smith, B., Sundal, A. V., Angelen, V., Jan, H., De Berg, V., Willem, J., Den Broeke, V., Michiel, R., Vaughan, D. G., Velicogna, I., Wahr, J., Whitehouse, P., Wingham, D. J., Yi, D., Young, D., and Zwally, H. J.: A reconciled estimate of ice sheet mass balance, Science, 338, 1183–1189, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228102, 2012.
Shepherd, A., Ivins, E., Rignot, E., Smith, B., Van Den Broeke, M., Velicogna, I., Whitehouse, P., Briggs, K., Joughin, I., Krinner, G., Nowicki, S., Payne, T., Scambos, T., Schlegel, N., Geruo, A., Agosta, C., Ahlstrøm, A., Babonis, G., Barletta, V., Blazquez, A., Bonin, J., Csatho, B., Cullather, R., Felikson, D., Fettweis, X., Forsberg, R., Gallee, H., Gardner, A., Gilbert, L., Groh, A., Gunter, B., Hanna, E., Harig, C., Helm, V., Horvath, A., Horwath, M., Khan, S., Kjeldsen, K. K., Konrad, H., Langen, P., Lecavalier, B., Loomis, B., Luthcke, S., McMillan, M., Melini, D., Mernild, S., Mohajerani, Y., Moore, P., Mouginot, J., Moyano, G., Muir, A., Nagler, T., Nield, G., Nilsson, J., Noel, B., Otosaka, I., Pattle, M. E., Peltier, W. R., Pie, N., Rietbroek, R., Rott, H., Sandberg-Sørensen, L., Sasgen, I., Save, H., Scheuchl, B., Schrama, E., Schröder, L., Seo, K. W., Simonsen, S., Slater, T., Spada, G., Sutterley, T., Talpe, M., Tarasov, L., Van De Berg, W. J., Van Der Wal, W., Van Wessem, M., Vishwakarma, B. D., Wiese, D., and Wouters, B.: Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017, Nature, 558, 219–222, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0179-y, 2018.
Silvano, A., Rintoul, S. R., Peña-Molino, B., and Williams, G. D.: Distribution of water masses and meltwater on the continental shelf near the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 2050–2068, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012115, 2017.
Silvano, A., Rintoul, S. R., Kusahara, K., Peña-Molino, B., van Wijk, E., Gwyther, D. E., and Williams, G. D.: Seasonality of Warm Water Intrusions Onto the Continental Shelf Near the Totten Glacier, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 124, 4272–4289, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014634, 2019.
Silvano, A., Holland, P. R., Naughten, K. A., Dragomir, O., Dutrieux, P., Jenkins, A., Si, Y., Stewart, A. L., Peña Molino, B., Janzing, G. W., Dotto, T. S., and Naveira Garabato, A. C.: Baroclinic Ocean Response to Climate Forcing Regulates Decadal Variability of Ice-Shelf Melting in the Amundsen Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL100646, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100646, 2022.
Smedsrud, L. H., Jenkins, A., Holland, D. M., and Nøst, O. A.: Modeling ocean processes below Fimbulisen, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 111, C01107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC002915, 2006.
Sun, C., Liu, C., Wang, Z., Yan, L., Tao, Y., Qin, Q., and Qian, J.: On the influences of the continental shelf bathymetry correction in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, Front. Mar. Sci., 9, 957414, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.957414, 2022.
Sun, S., Cornford, S. L., Gwyther, D. E., Gladstone, R. M., Galton-Fenzi, B. K., Zhao, L., and Moore, J. C.: Impact of ocean forcing on the Aurora Basin in the 21st and 22nd centuries, Ann. Glaciol., 57, 79–86, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2016.27, 2016.
Swift, C. T. and Cavalieri, D. J.: Passive microwave remote sensing for sea ice research, Eos T. Am. Geophys. Un., 66, 1210–1212, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO066i049p01210, 1985.
Tamsitt, V., Drake, H. F., Morrison, A. K., Talley, L. D., Dufour, C. O., Gray, A. R., Griffies, S. M., Mazloff, M. R., Sarmiento, J. L., Wang, J., and Weijer, W.: Spiraling pathways of global deep waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean, Nat. Commun., 8, 172, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00197-0, 2017.
Tamura, T., Ohshima, K. I., and Nihashi, S.: Mapping of sea ice production for Antarctic coastal polynyas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L07606, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032903, 2008.
Tamura, T., Ohshima, K. I., Fraser, A. D., and Williams, G. D.: Sea ice production variability in Antarctic coastal polynyas, J. Geophys. Res., 121, 2967–2979, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011486, 2016.
Thompson, A. F., Stewart, A. L., Spence, P., and Heywood, K. J.: The Antarctic Slope Current in a Changing Climate, Rev. Geophys., 56, 741–770, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000624, 2018.
Torrence, C. and Compo, G. P.: A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 61–78, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079< 0061:APGTWA> 2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Van Achter, G., Fichefet, T., Goosse, H., Pelletier, C., Sterlin, J., Huot, P. V., Lemieux, J. F., Fraser, A. D., Haubner, K., and Porter-Smith, R.: Modelling landfast sea ice and its influence on ocean–ice interactions in the area of the Totten Glacier, East Antarctica, Ocean Model., 169, 101920, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101920, 2022.
Vaňková, I., Cook, S., Winberry, J. P., Nicholls, K. W., and Galton-Fenzi, B. K.: Deriving Melt Rates at a Complex Ice Shelf Base Using In Situ Radar: Application to Totten Ice Shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL092692, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092692, 2021.
Vaňková, I., Winberry, J. P., Cook, S., Nicholls, K. W., Greene, C. A., and Galton-Fenzi, B. K.: High Spatial Melt Rate Variability Near the Totten Glacier Grounding Zone Explained by New Bathymetry Inversion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2023GL102960, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL102960, 2023.
Wakatsuchi, M., Ohshima, K. I., Hishida, M., and Naganobu, M.: Observations of a street of cyclonic eddies in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Divergence, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20417–20426, https://doi.org/10.1029/94jc01478, 1994.
Walker, D. P., Jenkins, A., Assmann, K. M., Shoosmith, D. R., and Brandon, M. A.: Oceanographic observations at the shelf break of the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 2906–2918, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20212, 2013.
Weertman, J.: Stability of the Junction of an Ice Sheet and an Ice Shelf, J. Glaciol., 13, 3–11, https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000023327, 1974.
Williams, G. D., Meijers, A. J. S., Poole, A., Mathiot, P., Tamura, T., and Klocker, A.: Late winter oceanography off the Sabrina and BANZARE coast (117–128∘ E), East Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 58, 1194–1210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.035, 2011.
Yamazaki, K., Aoki, S., Katsumata, K., Hirano, D., and Nakayama, Y.: Multidecadal poleward shift of the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current off East Antarctica, Sci. Adv., 7, eabf8755, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf8755, 2021.
Young, D. A., Wright, A. P., Roberts, J. L., Warner, R. C., Young, N. W., Greenbaum, J. S., Schroeder, D. M., Holt, J. W., Sugden, D. E., Blankenship, D. D., Van Ommen, T. D., and Siegert, M. J.: A dynamic early East Antarctic Ice Sheet suggested by ice-covered fjord landscapes, Nature, 474, 72–75, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10114, 2011.
Zheng, F., Li, J., Clark, R. T., and Nnamchi, H. C.: Simulation and projection of the Southern Hemisphere annular mode in CMIP5 models, J. Climate, 26, 9860–9879, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00204.1, 2013.
Zweng, M. M., Reagan, J. R., Seidov, D., Boyer, T. P., Antonov, J. I., Locarnini, R. A., Garcia, H. E., Mishonov, A. V., Baranova, O. K., Weathers, K. W., Paver, C. R., and Smolyar, I. V.: World Ocean Atlas 2018, Vol. 2: Salinity, NOAA Atlas NESDIS, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/world-ocean-atlas-2018/ (last access: 22 May 2023), 2019.
Short summary
This study focuses on the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves, East Antarctica. We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model to better understand regional interactions between ocean, sea ice, and ice shelf. We found that a combination of warm ocean water and local sea ice production influences the regional ice shelf basal melting. Furthermore, the model reproduced the summertime undercurrent on the upper continental slope, regulating ocean heat transport onto the continental shelf.
This study focuses on the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves, East Antarctica. We used an...
