The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 18, issue 6
Articles | Volume 18, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2831-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2831-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 6
Research article
 | 
20 Jun 2024
Research article |  | 20 Jun 2024

Microstructure-based simulations of the viscous densification of snow and firn

Kévin Fourteau, Johannes Freitag, Mika Malinen, and Henning Löwe

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Latest update: 23 Oct 2025
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Short summary
Understanding the settling of snow under its own weight has applications from avalanche forecasts to ice core interpretations. We study how this settling can be modeled using 3D images of the internal structure of snow and ice deformation mechanics. We found that classical ice mechanics, as used, for instance, in glacier flow, explain the compaction of dense polar snow but not that of lighter seasonal snow. How, exactly, the ice deforms during light snow compaction thus remains an open question.
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