Articles | Volume 15, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3329-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3329-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Jul 2021
Research article |
| 20 Jul 2021
| 20 Jul 2021
Holocene thinning of Darwin and Hatherton glaciers, Antarctica, and implications for grounding-line retreat in the Ross Sea
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
now at: Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
John O. Stone
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Michelle Koutnik
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Courtney King
School of Earth and Climate Science and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
Howard Conway
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Brenda Hall
School of Earth and Climate Science and Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
Keir Nichols
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
Brent Goehring
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
Mette K. Gillespie
Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, 6856, Norway
Related authors
Trevor R. Hillebrand, Matthew J. Hoffman, Mauro Perego, Stephen F. Price, and Ian M. Howat
The Cryosphere, 16, 4679–4700, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4679-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4679-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate that Humboldt Glacier, northern Greenland, will contribute 5.2–8.7 mm to global sea level in 2007–2100, using an ensemble of model simulations constrained by observations of glacier retreat and speedup. This is a significant fraction of the 40–140 mm from the whole Greenland Ice Sheet predicted by the recent ISMIP6 multi-model ensemble, suggesting that calibrating models against observed velocity changes could result in higher estimates of 21st century sea-level rise from Greenland.
An Li, Michelle Koutnik, Stephen Brough, Matteo Spagnolo, and Iestyn Barr
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2568, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
On Earth, glacial cirques are a type of landform eroded by wet-based glaciers, which are glaciers with liquid water at the base of a glacier. While select alcoves have been interpreted as glacial cirques on Mars, we map and assess a large-scale population of ~2000 alcoves as potential cirques in the northern mid-latitudes of Mars. From physical measurements and characteristics, we find 386 cirque-like alcoves. This extends our knowledge of the extent and type of glaciation in the region.
Alice C. Frémand, Peter Fretwell, Julien A. Bodart, Hamish D. Pritchard, Alan Aitken, Jonathan L. Bamber, Robin Bell, Cesidio Bianchi, Robert G. Bingham, Donald D. Blankenship, Gino Casassa, Ginny Catania, Knut Christianson, Howard Conway, Hugh F. J. Corr, Xiangbin Cui, Detlef Damaske, Volkmar Damm, Reinhard Drews, Graeme Eagles, Olaf Eisen, Hannes Eisermann, Fausto Ferraccioli, Elena Field, René Forsberg, Steven Franke, Shuji Fujita, Yonggyu Gim, Vikram Goel, Siva Prasad Gogineni, Jamin Greenbaum, Benjamin Hills, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Andrew O. Hoffman, Per Holmlund, Nicholas Holschuh, John W. Holt, Annika N. Horlings, Angelika Humbert, Robert W. Jacobel, Daniela Jansen, Adrian Jenkins, Wilfried Jokat, Tom Jordan, Edward King, Jack Kohler, William Krabill, Mette Kusk Gillespie, Kirsty Langley, Joohan Lee, German Leitchenkov, Carlton Leuschen, Bruce Luyendyk, Joseph MacGregor, Emma MacKie, Kenichi Matsuoka, Mathieu Morlighem, Jérémie Mouginot, Frank O. Nitsche, Yoshifumi Nogi, Ole A. Nost, John Paden, Frank Pattyn, Sergey V. Popov, Eric Rignot, David M. Rippin, Andrés Rivera, Jason Roberts, Neil Ross, Anotonia Ruppel, Dustin M. Schroeder, Martin J. Siegert, Andrew M. Smith, Daniel Steinhage, Michael Studinger, Bo Sun, Ignazio Tabacco, Kirsty Tinto, Stefano Urbini, David Vaughan, Brian C. Welch, Douglas S. Wilson, Duncan A. Young, and Achille Zirizzotti
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2695–2710, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the release of over 60 years of ice thickness, bed elevation, and surface elevation data acquired over Antarctica by the international community. These data are a crucial component of the Antarctic Bedmap initiative which aims to produce a new map and datasets of Antarctic ice thickness and bed topography for the international glaciology and geophysical community.
Greg Balco, Nathan Brown, Keir Nichols, Ryan A. Venturelli, Jonathan Adams, Scott Braddock, Seth Campbell, Brent Goehring, Joanne S. Johnson, Dylan H. Rood, Klaus Wilcken, Brenda Hall, and John Woodward
The Cryosphere, 17, 1787–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Samples of bedrock recovered from below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet show that part of the ice sheet was thinner several thousand years ago than it is now and subsequently thickened. This is important because of concern that present ice thinning in this region may lead to rapid, irreversible sea level rise. The past episode of thinning at this site that took place in a similar, although not identical, climate was not irreversible; however, reversal required at least 3000 years to complete.
Jonathan R. Adams, Joanne S. Johnson, Stephen J. Roberts, Philippa J. Mason, Keir A. Nichols, Ryan A. Venturelli, Klaus Wilcken, Greg Balco, Brent Goehring, Brenda Hall, John Woodward, and Dylan H. Rood
The Cryosphere, 16, 4887–4905, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4887-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4887-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in West Antarctica are experiencing significant ice loss. Geological data provide historical context for ongoing ice loss in West Antarctica, including constraints on likely future ice sheet behaviour in response to climatic warming. We present evidence from rare isotopes measured in rocks collected from an outcrop next to Pope Glacier. These data suggest that Pope Glacier thinned faster and sooner after the last ice age than previously thought.
Trevor R. Hillebrand, Matthew J. Hoffman, Mauro Perego, Stephen F. Price, and Ian M. Howat
The Cryosphere, 16, 4679–4700, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4679-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4679-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate that Humboldt Glacier, northern Greenland, will contribute 5.2–8.7 mm to global sea level in 2007–2100, using an ensemble of model simulations constrained by observations of glacier retreat and speedup. This is a significant fraction of the 40–140 mm from the whole Greenland Ice Sheet predicted by the recent ISMIP6 multi-model ensemble, suggesting that calibrating models against observed velocity changes could result in higher estimates of 21st century sea-level rise from Greenland.
Brent M. Goehring, Brian Menounos, Gerald Osborn, Adam Hawkins, and Brent Ward
Geochronology, 4, 311–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-311-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-311-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We explored surface exposure dating with two nuclides to date two sets of moraines from the Yukon Territory and explain the reasoning for the observed ages. Results suggest multiple processes, including preservation of nuclides from a prior exposure period, and later erosion of the moraines is required to explain the data. Our results only allow for the older moraines to date to Marine Isotope Stage 3 or 4 and the younger moraines to date to the very earliest Holocene.
Joanne S. Johnson, Ryan A. Venturelli, Greg Balco, Claire S. Allen, Scott Braddock, Seth Campbell, Brent M. Goehring, Brenda L. Hall, Peter D. Neff, Keir A. Nichols, Dylan H. Rood, Elizabeth R. Thomas, and John Woodward
The Cryosphere, 16, 1543–1562, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have suggested that some portions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet were less extensive than present in the last few thousand years. We discuss how past ice loss and regrowth during this time would leave its mark on geological and glaciological records and suggest ways in which future studies could detect such changes. Determining timing of ice loss and gain around Antarctica and conditions under which they occurred is critical for preparing for future climate-warming-induced changes.
James E. Lee, Edward J. Brook, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Christo Buizert, Troy Baisden, Thomas Blunier, V. Gabriela Ciobanu, Howard Conway, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Tyler J. Fudge, Richard Hindmarsh, Elizabeth D. Keller, Frédéric Parrenin, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Paul Vallelonga, Edwin D. Waddington, and Mai Winstrup
Clim. Past, 16, 1691–1713, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1691-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1691-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Roosevelt Island ice core was drilled to investigate climate from the eastern Ross Sea, West Antarctica. We describe the ice age-scale and gas age-scale of the ice core for 0–763 m (83 000 years BP). Old ice near the bottom of the core implies the ice dome existed throughout the last glacial period and that ice streaming was active in the region. Variations in methane, similar to those used as evidence of early human influence on climate, were observed prior to significant human populations.
John Erich Christian, Alexander A. Robel, Cristian Proistosescu, Gerard Roe, Michelle Koutnik, and Knut Christianson
The Cryosphere, 14, 2515–2535, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2515-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2515-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We use simple, physics-based models to compare how marine-terminating glaciers respond to changes at their marine margin vs. inland surface melt. Initial glacier retreat is more rapid for ocean changes than for inland changes, but in both cases, glaciers will continue responding for millennia. We analyze several implications of these differing pathways of change. In particular, natural ocean variability must be better understood to correctly identify the anthropogenic role in glacier retreat.
Tyler J. Fudge, David A. Lilien, Michelle Koutnik, Howard Conway, C. Max Stevens, Edwin D. Waddington, Eric J. Steig, Andrew J. Schauer, and Nicholas Holschuh
Clim. Past, 16, 819–832, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-819-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-819-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A 1750 m ice core at the South Pole was recently drilled. The oldest ice is ~55 000 years old. Since ice at the South Pole flows at 10 m per year, the ice in the core originated upstream, where the climate is different. We made measurements of the ice flow, snow accumulation, and temperature upstream. We determined the ice came from ~150 km away near the Titan Dome where the accumulation rate was similar but the temperature was colder. Our measurements improve the interpretation of the ice core.
Perry Spector, John Stone, and Brent Goehring
The Cryosphere, 13, 3061–3075, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3061-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3061-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We describe constraints on the thickness of the interior of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) through the last deglaciation. Our data imply that the ice-sheet divide between the Ross and Weddell sea sectors of the WAIS was thicker than present for a period less than ~ 8 kyr within the past ~ 15 kyr. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the divide initially thickened due to the deglacial rise in snowfall and subsequently thinned in response to retreat of the ice-sheet margin.
Keir A. Nichols, Brent M. Goehring, Greg Balco, Joanne S. Johnson, Andrew S. Hein, and Claire Todd
The Cryosphere, 13, 2935–2951, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2935-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2935-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the history of ice masses at three locations in the Weddell Sea Embayment, Antarctica. We measured rare isotopes in material sourced from mountains overlooking the Slessor Glacier, Foundation Ice Stream, and smaller glaciers on the Lassiter Coast. We show that ice masses were between 385 and 800 m thicker during the last glacial cycle than they are at present. The ice masses were both hundreds of metres thicker and remained thicker closer to the present than was previously thought.
Keir A. Nichols and Brent M. Goehring
Geochronology, 1, 43–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-43-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-43-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We describe observations of anomalously high measurements of C-14 made from geologic material. We undertake a systematic investigation to identify the source of contamination, which we hypothesise is sourced from a commonly used method that is used prior to sample analysis. We find that the method does introduce modern carbon to samples and elevates C-14 measurements. We describe a standard procedure that effectively removes contamination from the aforementioned method.
Mai Winstrup, Paul Vallelonga, Helle A. Kjær, Tyler J. Fudge, James E. Lee, Marie H. Riis, Ross Edwards, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Thomas Blunier, Ed J. Brook, Christo Buizert, Gabriela Ciobanu, Howard Conway, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Aja Ellis, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Elizabeth D. Keller, Andrei V. Kurbatov, Paul A. Mayewski, Peter D. Neff, Rebecca L. Pyne, Marius F. Simonsen, Anders Svensson, Andrea Tuohy, Edwin D. Waddington, and Sarah Wheatley
Clim. Past, 15, 751–779, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-751-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-751-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a 2700-year timescale and snow accumulation history for an ice core from Roosevelt Island, Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. We observe a long-term slightly decreasing trend in accumulation during most of the period but a rapid decline since the mid-1960s. The latter is linked to a recent strengthening of the Amundsen Sea Low and the expansion of regional sea ice. The year 1965 CE may thus mark the onset of significant increases in sea-ice extent in the eastern Ross Sea.
Nicholas Holschuh, Knut Christianson, Howard Conway, Robert W. Jacobel, and Brian C. Welch
The Cryosphere, 12, 2821–2829, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2821-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2821-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Models of the Antarctic Sheet are tuned using observations of historic ice-sheet behavior, but we have few observations that tell us how inland ice behaved over the last few millennia. A 2 km tall volcano sitting under the ice sheet has left a record in the ice as it flows by, and that feature provides unique insight into the regional ice-flow history. It indicates that observed, rapid changes in West Antarctica flow dynamics have not affected the continental interior over the last 5700 years.
Perry Spector, John Stone, David Pollard, Trevor Hillebrand, Cameron Lewis, and Joel Gombiner
The Cryosphere, 12, 2741–2757, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2741-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2741-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic-nuclide analyses in bedrock recovered from below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet have the potential to establish whether and when large-scale deglaciation occurred in the past. Here we (i) discuss the criteria and considerations for subglacial drill sites, (ii) evaluate candidate sites in West Antarctica, and (iii) describe reconnaissance at three West Antarctic sites, focusing on the Pirrit Hills, which we present as a case study of site selection on the scale of an individual nunatak.
Nancy A. N. Bertler, Howard Conway, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Daniel B. Emanuelsson, Mai Winstrup, Paul T. Vallelonga, James E. Lee, Ed J. Brook, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Taylor J. Fudge, Elizabeth D. Keller, W. Troy Baisden, Richard C. A. Hindmarsh, Peter D. Neff, Thomas Blunier, Ross Edwards, Paul A. Mayewski, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Christo Buizert, Silvia Canessa, Ruzica Dadic, Helle A. Kjær, Andrei Kurbatov, Dongqi Zhang, Edwin D. Waddington, Giovanni Baccolo, Thomas Beers, Hannah J. Brightley, Lionel Carter, David Clemens-Sewall, Viorela G. Ciobanu, Barbara Delmonte, Lukas Eling, Aja Ellis, Shruthi Ganesh, Nicholas R. Golledge, Skylar Haines, Michael Handley, Robert L. Hawley, Chad M. Hogan, Katelyn M. Johnson, Elena Korotkikh, Daniel P. Lowry, Darcy Mandeno, Robert M. McKay, James A. Menking, Timothy R. Naish, Caroline Noerling, Agathe Ollive, Anaïs Orsi, Bernadette C. Proemse, Alexander R. Pyne, Rebecca L. Pyne, James Renwick, Reed P. Scherer, Stefanie Semper, Marius Simonsen, Sharon B. Sneed, Eric J. Steig, Andrea Tuohy, Abhijith Ulayottil Venugopal, Fernando Valero-Delgado, Janani Venkatesh, Feitang Wang, Shimeng Wang, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Arran Whiteford, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, and Xin Zhang
Clim. Past, 14, 193–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-193-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-193-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Temperature and snow accumulation records from the annually dated Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core show that for the past 2 700 years, the eastern Ross Sea warmed, while the western Ross Sea showed no trend and West Antarctica cooled. From the 17th century onwards, this dipole relationship changed. Now all three regions show concurrent warming, with snow accumulation declining in West Antarctica and the eastern Ross Sea.
B. Medley, I. Joughin, B. E. Smith, S. B. Das, E. J. Steig, H. Conway, S. Gogineni, C. Lewis, A. S. Criscitiello, J. R. McConnell, M. R. van den Broeke, J. T. M. Lenaerts, D. H. Bromwich, J. P. Nicolas, and C. Leuschen
The Cryosphere, 8, 1375–1392, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1375-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1375-2014, 2014
T. J. Fudge, E. D. Waddington, H. Conway, J. M. D. Lundin, and K. Taylor
Clim. Past, 10, 1195–1209, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1195-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1195-2014, 2014
P. Fretwell, H. D. Pritchard, D. G. Vaughan, J. L. Bamber, N. E. Barrand, R. Bell, C. Bianchi, R. G. Bingham, D. D. Blankenship, G. Casassa, G. Catania, D. Callens, H. Conway, A. J. Cook, H. F. J. Corr, D. Damaske, V. Damm, F. Ferraccioli, R. Forsberg, S. Fujita, Y. Gim, P. Gogineni, J. A. Griggs, R. C. A. Hindmarsh, P. Holmlund, J. W. Holt, R. W. Jacobel, A. Jenkins, W. Jokat, T. Jordan, E. C. King, J. Kohler, W. Krabill, M. Riger-Kusk, K. A. Langley, G. Leitchenkov, C. Leuschen, B. P. Luyendyk, K. Matsuoka, J. Mouginot, F. O. Nitsche, Y. Nogi, O. A. Nost, S. V. Popov, E. Rignot, D. M. Rippin, A. Rivera, J. Roberts, N. Ross, M. J. Siegert, A. M. Smith, D. Steinhage, M. Studinger, B. Sun, B. K. Tinto, B. C. Welch, D. Wilson, D. A. Young, C. Xiangbin, and A. Zirizzotti
The Cryosphere, 7, 375–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Discipline: Glaciers | Subject: Paleo-Glaciology (including Former Ice Reconstructions)
Late Holocene glacier and climate fluctuations in the Mackenzie and Selwyn mountain ranges, northwestern Canada
Timing and climatic-driven mechanisms of glacier advances in Bhutanese Himalaya during the Little Ice Age
The Holocene dynamics of Ryder Glacier and ice tongue in north Greenland
Understanding drivers of glacier-length variability over the last millennium
Central Himalayan tree-ring isotopes reveal increasing regional heterogeneity and enhancement in ice mass loss since the 1960s
Modelling last glacial cycle ice dynamics in the Alps
Modelling the late Holocene and future evolution of Monacobreen, northern Spitsbergen
Adam C. Hawkins, Brian Menounos, Brent M. Goehring, Gerald Osborn, Ben M. Pelto, Christopher M. Darvill, and Joerg M. Schaefer
The Cryosphere, 17, 4381–4397, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4381-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4381-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our study developed a record of glacier and climate change in the Mackenzie and Selwyn mountains of northwestern Canada over the past several hundred years. We estimate temperature change in this region using several methods and incorporate our glacier record with models of climate change to estimate how glacier volume in our study area has changed over time. Models of future glacier change show that our study area will become largely ice-free by the end of the 21st century.
Weilin Yang, Yingkui Li, Gengnian Liu, and Wenchao Chu
The Cryosphere, 16, 3739–3752, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We simulated the glacier evolutions in Bhutanese Himalaya during the LIA using OGGM. At the regional scale, four compelling glacial substages were reported, and a positive correlation between the number of glacial substages and the glacier slope was found. Based on the surface mass balance analysis, the study also indicated that the regional glacier advances are dominated by the reduction of summer ablation.
Matt O'Regan, Thomas M. Cronin, Brendan Reilly, Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup, Laura Gemery, Anna Golub, Larry A. Mayer, Mathieu Morlighem, Matthias Moros, Ole L. Munk, Johan Nilsson, Christof Pearce, Henrieka Detlef, Christian Stranne, Flor Vermassen, Gabriel West, and Martin Jakobsson
The Cryosphere, 15, 4073–4097, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4073-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4073-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ryder Glacier is a marine-terminating glacier in north Greenland discharging ice into the Lincoln Sea. Here we use marine sediment cores to reconstruct its retreat and advance behavior through the Holocene. We show that while Sherard Osborn Fjord has a physiography conducive to glacier and ice tongue stability, Ryder still retreated more than 40 km inland from its current position by the Middle Holocene. This highlights the sensitivity of north Greenland's marine glaciers to climate change.
Alan Huston, Nicholas Siler, Gerard H. Roe, Erin Pettit, and Nathan J. Steiger
The Cryosphere, 15, 1645–1662, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1645-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1645-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate the past 1000 years of glacier length variability using a simple glacier model and an ensemble of global climate model simulations. Glaciers with long response times are more likely to record global climate changes caused by events like volcanic eruptions and greenhouse gas emissions, while glaciers with short response times are more likely to record natural variability. This difference stems from differences in the frequency spectra of natural and forced temperature variability.
Nilendu Singh, Mayank Shekhar, Jayendra Singh, Anil K. Gupta, Achim Bräuning, Christoph Mayr, and Mohit Singhal
The Cryosphere, 15, 95–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-95-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-95-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Tree-ring isotope records from the central Himalaya provided a basis for previously lacking regional multi-century glacier mass balance (MB) reconstruction. Isotopic and climate coherency analyses specify an eastward-declining influence of the westerlies, an increase in east–west climate heterogeneity, and an increase in ice mass loss since the 1960s. Reasons for this are attributed to anthropogenic climate change, including concurrent alterations in atmospheric circulation patterns.
Julien Seguinot, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Guillaume Jouvet, Matthias Huss, Martin Funk, and Frank Preusser
The Cryosphere, 12, 3265–3285, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3265-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3265-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
About 25 000 years ago, Alpine glaciers filled most of the valleys and even extended onto the plains. In this study, with help from traces left by glaciers on the landscape, we use a computer model that contains knowledge of glacier physics based on modern observations of Greenland and Antarctica and laboratory experiments on ice, and one of the fastest computers in the world, to attempt a reconstruction of the evolution of Alpine glaciers through time from 120 000 years ago to today.
Johannes Oerlemans
The Cryosphere, 12, 3001–3015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3001-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3001-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Monacobreen is a 40 km long surge-type tidewater glacier in northern Spitsbergen. The front is retreating fast. Calculations with a glacier model predict that due to future climate warming this glacier will have lost 20 to 40 % of its volume by the year 2100. Because of the glacier's memory, much of the response will come after 2100, even if the climatic conditions would stabilize.
Cited articles
Albrecht, T., Winkelmann, R., and Levermann, A.: Glacial-cycle simulations of the Antarctic Ice Sheet with the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) – Part 2: Parameter ensemble analysis, The Cryosphere, 14, 633–656, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-633-2020, 2020.
An, M., Wiens, D. A., Zhao, Y., Feng, M., Nyblade, A., Kanao, M., Li, Y., Maggi, A., and Lévêque, J.-J.: Temperature, lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, and heat flux beneath the Antarctic Plate inferred from seismic velocities, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 120, 8720–8742, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011917, 2015.
Anderson, B. M., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., and Lawson, W. J.: A modelling study of the response of Hatherton Glacier to Ross Ice Sheet grounding line retreat, Global Planet. Change, 42, 143–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.11.006, 2004.
Anderson, J. B., Conway, H., Bart, P. J., Witus, A. E., Greenwood, S. L., McKay, R. M., Hall, B. L., Ackert, R. P., Licht, K., Jakobsson, M., and Stone, J. O.: Ross Sea paleo-ice sheet drainage and deglacial history during and since the LGM, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 100, 31–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.08.020, 2014.
Anderson, J. T. H., Wilson, G. S., Fink, D., Lilly, K., Levy, R. H., and Townsend, D.: Reconciling marine and terrestrial evidence for post LGM ice sheet retreat in southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 157, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.12.007, 2017.
Anderson, J. T. H., Wilson, G. S., Jones, R. S., Fink, D., and Fujioka, T.: Ice surface lowering of Skelton Glacier, Transantarctic Mountains, since the Last Glacial Maximum: Implications for retreat of grounded ice in the western Ross Sea, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 237, 106305, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106305, 2020.
Argus, D. F., Peltier, W. R., Drummond, R., and Moore, A. W.: The Antarctica component of postglacial rebound model ICE-6G_C (VM5a) based upon GPS positioning, exposure age dating of ice thicknesses, and relative sea level histories, Geophys. J. Int., 198, 537–563, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu140, 2014.
Balco, G., Todd, C., Huybers, K., Campbell, S., Vermeulen, M., Hegland, M., Goehring, B. M., and Hillebrand, T. R.: Cosmogenic-nuclide exposure ages from the Pensacola Mountains adjacent to the Foundation Ice Stream, Antarctica, Am. J. Sci., 316, 542–577, https://doi.org/10.2475/06.2016.02, 2016.
Bindschadler, R., Vornberger, P., Fleming, A., Fox, A., Mullins, J., Binnie, D., Paulsen, S. J., Granneman, B., and Gorodetzky, D.: The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica, Remote Sens. Environ., 112, 4214–4226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.006, 2008.
Bintanja, R.: On the glaciological, meteorological, and climatological significance of Antarctic blue ice areas, Rev. Geophys., 37, 337–359, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999RG900007, 1999.
Bockheim, J. G., Wilson, S. C., Denton, G. H., Andersen, B. G., and Stuiver, M.: Late Quaternary ice-surface fluctuations of Hatherton Glacier, Transantarctic Mountains, Quaternary Res., 31, 229–254, 1989.
Borchers, B., Marrero, S., Balco, G., Caffee, M., Goehring, B., Lifton, N., Nishiizumi, K., Phillips, F., Schaefer, J., and Stone, J.: Geological calibration of spallation production rates in the CRONUS-Earth project, Quaternary Geochronol., 31, 188–198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2015.01.009, 2016.
Bromley, G. R. M., Hall, B. L., Stone, J. O., Conway, H., and Todd, C. E.: Late Cenozoic deposits at Reedy Glacier, Transantarctic Mountains: implications for former thickness of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 384–398, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.001, 2010.
Bromley, G. R. M., Hall, B. L., Stone, J. O., and Conway, H.: Late Pleistocene evolution of Scott Glacier, southern Transantarctic Mountains: implications for the Antarctic contribution to deglacial sea level, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 50, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.06.010, 2012.
Brown, I. C. and Scambos, T. A.: Satellite monitoring of blue-ice extent near Byrd Glacier, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 223–230, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756404781813871, 2004.
Christ, A. J. and Bierman, P. R.: The local Last Glacial Maximum in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for ice-sheet behavior in the Ross Sea Embayment, GSA Bulletin, 132, 31–47, https://doi.org/10.1130/B35139.1, 2020.
Conway, H., Hall, B. L., Denton, G. H., Gades, A. M., and Waddington, E. D.: Past and Future Grounding-Line Retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, Science, 286, 280–283, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5438.280, 1999.
Cuffey, K. M. and Paterson, W. S. B.: The physics of glaciers, Academic Press, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA, 2010.
DeConto, R. M. and Pollard, D.: Contribution of Antarctica to past and future sea-level rise, Nature, 531, 591–597, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17145, 2016.
Denton, G. H. and Hughes, T. J.: Reconstruction of the Ross ice drainage system, Antarctica, at the last glacial maximum, Geogr. Ann. A, 82, 143–166, 2000.
Denton, G. H. and Marchant, D. R.: The geologic basis for a reconstruction of a grounded ice sheet in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, at the last glacial maximum, Geogr. Ann. A, 82, 167–211, 2000.
Denton, G. H., Bockheim, J. G., Wilson, S. C., Leide, J. E., and Andersen, B. G.: Late Quaternary ice-surface fluctuations of Beardmore Glacier, Transantarctic Mountains, Quaternary Res., 31, 183–209, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(89)90005-7, 1989.
Ditchburn, R. G. and Whitehead, N. E.: The separation of 10Be from silicates, online, available from: http://inis.iaea.org/Search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:27007501 (last access: 17 October 2017), 1994.
Dowdeswell, J. A., Ottesen, D., Evans, J., Cofaigh, C. Ó., and Anderson, J. B.: Submarine glacial landforms and rates of ice-stream collapse, Geology, 36, 819–822, https://doi.org/10.1130/G24808A.1, 2008.
Fretwell, P., Pritchard, H. D., Vaughan, D. G., Bamber, J. L., Barrand, N. E., Bell, R., Bianchi, C., Bingham, R. G., Blankenship, D. D., Casassa, G., Catania, G., Callens, D., Conway, H., Cook, A. J., Corr, H. F. J., Damaske, D., Damm, V., Ferraccioli, F., Forsberg, R., Fujita, S., Gim, Y., Gogineni, P., Griggs, J. A., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., Holmlund, P., Holt, J. W., Jacobel, R. W., Jenkins, A., Jokat, W., Jordan, T., King, E. C., Kohler, J., Krabill, W., Riger-Kusk, M., Langley, K. A., Leitchenkov, G., Leuschen, C., Luyendyk, B. P., Matsuoka, K., Mouginot, J., Nitsche, F. O., Nogi, Y., Nost, O. A., Popov, S. V., Rignot, E., Rippin, D. M., Rivera, A., Roberts, J., Ross, N., Siegert, M. J., Smith, A. M., Steinhage, D., Studinger, M., Sun, B., Tinto, B. K., Welch, B. C., Wilson, D., Young, D. A., Xiangbin, C., and Zirizzotti, A.: Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 7, 375–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-375-2013, 2013.
Fürst, J. J., Durand, G., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Tavard, L., Rankl, M., Braun, M., and Gagliardini, O.: The safety band of Antarctic ice shelves, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 479–482, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2912, 2016.
Gillespie, M. K., Lawson, W., Rack, W., Anderson, B., Blankenship, D. D., Young, D. A., and Holt, J. W.: Geometry and ice dynamics of the Darwin–Hatherton glacial system, Transantarctic Mountains, J. Glaciol., 63, 959–972, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.60, 2017.
Gladstone, R. M., Payne, A. J., and Cornford, S. L.: Resolution requirements for grounding-line modelling: sensitivity to basal drag and ice-shelf buttressing, Ann. Glaciol., 53, 97–105, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012AoG60A148, 2012.
Goehring, B. M., Balco, G., Todd, C., Moening-Swanson, I., and Nichols, K.: Late-glacial grounding line retreat in the northern Ross Sea, Antarctica, Geology, 47, 291–294, https://doi.org/10.1130/G45413.1, 2019a.
Goehring, B. M., Wilson, J., and Nichols, K.: A fully automated system for the extraction of in situ cosmogenic carbon-14 in the Tulane University cosmogenic nuclide laboratory, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, Volume 455, 284–292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.02.006, 2019b.
Golledge, N. R., Marsh, O. J., Rack, W., Braaten, D., and Jones, R. S.: Basal conditions of two Transantarctic Mountains outlet glaciers from observation-constrained diagnostic modelling, J. Glaciol., 60, 855–866, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG13J131, 2014.
Greene, C. A., Gwyther, D. E., and Blankenship, D. D.: Antarctic mapping tools for MATLAB, Comput. Geosci., 104, 151–157, 2017.
Gudmundsson, G. H.: Ice-shelf buttressing and the stability of marine ice sheets, The Cryosphere, 7, 647–655, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-647-2013, 2013.
Halberstadt, A. R. W., Simkins, L. M., Greenwood, S. L., and Anderson, J. B.: Past ice-sheet behaviour: retreat scenarios and changing controls in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 10, 1003–1020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1003-2016, 2016.
Hall, B. L., Baroni, C., and Denton, G. H.: Holocene relative sea-level history of the Southern Victoria Land Coast, Antarctica, Global Planet. Change, 42, 241–263, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.09.004, 2004.
Hall, B. L., Denton, G. H., Stone, J. O., and Conway, H.: History of the grounded ice sheet in the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica during the Last Glacial Maximum and the last termination, Geol. Soc. Sp., 381, 167–181, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP381.5, 2013.
Hall, B. L., Denton, G. H., Heath, S. L., Jackson, M. S., and Koffman, T. N. B.: Accumulation and marine forcing of ice dynamics in the western Ross Sea during the last deglaciation, Nat. Geosci., 8, 625–628, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2478, 2015.
Hillebrand, T. R.: An ice sheet model ensemble of the last deglaciation in the Ross Sea, Antarctica (Version v1.0.0) [data set], Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4734615, 2021.
Hillebrand, T. R., Koutnik, M., and Conway, H.: Flow-band model simulations of the Darwin-Hatherton Glacier System, Antarctica since the Last Glacial Maximum (Version v1.0.0) [data set], Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4735624, 2021.
Hughes, T., Zhao, Z., Hintz, R., and Fastook, J.: Instability of the Antarctic Ross Sea Embayment as climate warms, Rev. Geophys., 55, 2016RG000545, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000545, 2017.
Jones, R. S., Mackintosh, A. N., Norton, K. P., Golledge, N. R., Fogwill, C. J., Kubik, P. W., Christl, M., and Greenwood, S. L.: Rapid Holocene thinning of an East Antarctic outlet glacier driven by marine ice sheet instability, Nat. Commun., 6, 8910, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9910, 2015.
Jones, R. S., Golledge, N. R., Mackintosh, A. N., and Norton, K. P.: Past and present dynamics of Skelton Glacier, Transantarctic Mountains, Antarct. Sci., 28, 371–386, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102016000195, 2016.
Jones, R. S., Norton, K. P., Mackintosh, A. N., Anderson, J. T. H., Kubik, P., Vockenhuber, C., Wittmann, H., Fink, D., Wilson, G. S., Golledge, N. R., and McKay, R.: Cosmogenic nuclides constrain surface fluctuations of an East Antarctic outlet glacier since the Pliocene, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 480, 75–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.09.014, 2017.
Jones, R. S., Whitmore, R. J., Mackintosh, A. N., Norton, K. P., Eaves, S. R., Stutz, J., and Christl, M.: Regional-scale abrupt Mid-Holocene ice sheet thinning in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, Geology, 49, 278–282, https://doi.org/10.1130/G48347.1, 2020.
Jones, R. S., Gudmundsson, G. H., Mackintosh, A. N., McCormack, F. S., and Whitmore, R. J.: Ocean-Driven and Topography-Controlled Nonlinear Glacier Retreat During the Holocene: Southwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091454, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091454, 2021.
Joy, K., Fink, D., Storey, B., and Atkins, C.: A 2 million year glacial chronology of the Hatherton Glacier, Antarctica and implications for the size of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet at the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 83, 46–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.10.028, 2014.
King, C., Hall, B., Hillebrand, T., and Stone, J.: Delayed maximum and recession of an East Antarctic outlet glacier, Geology, 48, 630–634, https://doi.org/10.1130/G47297.1, 2020.
Kingslake, J., Ely, J. C., Das, I., and Bell, R. E.: Widespread movement of meltwater onto and across Antarctic ice shelves, Nature, 544, 349–352, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22049, 2017.
Kingslake, J., Scherer, R. P., Albrecht, T., Coenen, J., Powell, R. D., Reese, R., Stansell, N. D., Tulaczyk, S., Wearing, M. G., and Whitehouse, P. L.: Extensive retreat and re-advance of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet during the Holocene, Nature, 558, 430–434, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0208-x, 2018.
Kohl, C. P. and Nishiizumi, K.: Chemical isolation of quartz for measurement of in-situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 56, 3583–3587, 1992.
Le Brocq, A. M., Payne, A. J., and Vieli, A.: An improved Antarctic dataset for high resolution numerical ice sheet models (ALBMAP v1), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 2, 247–260, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-247-2010, 2010.
LeDoux, C. M., Hulbe, C. L., Forbes, M. P., Scambos, T. A., and Alley, K.: Structural provinces of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 58, 88–98, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.24, 2017.
Lee, J. I., McKay, R. M., Golledge, N. R., Yoon, H. I., Yoo, K.-C., Kim, H. J., and Hong, J. K.: Widespread persistence of expanded East Antarctic glaciers in the southwest Ross Sea during the last deglaciation, Geology, 45, 403–406, https://doi.org/10.1130/G38715.1, 2017.
Lenaerts, J. T., Van Den Broeke, M. R., Scarchilli, C., and Agosta, C.: Impact of model resolution on simulated wind, drifting snow and surface mass balance in Terre Adélie, East Antarctica, J. Glaciol., 58, 821–829, 2012.
Lifton, N., Sato, T., and Dunai, T. J.: Scaling in situ cosmogenic nuclide production rates using analytical approximations to atmospheric cosmic-ray fluxes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 386, 149–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.052, 2014.
LINZ: Antarctic topographic data, Land Information New Zealand (LINZ), online, available from: https://www.linz.govt.nz/data/linz-data/topographic-data/antarctic-topographic-data (last access: 18 September 2019), 2010.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records, Paleoceanography, 20, PA1003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071, 2005.
Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., He, F., Brady, E. C., Tomas, R., Clark, P. U., Carlson, A. E., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Curry, W., Brook, E., Erickson, D., Jacob, R., Kutzbach, J., and Cheng, J.: Transient simulation of last deglaciation with a new mechanism for Bolling-Allerod warming, Science, 325, 310–314, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171041, 2009.
Lowry, D. P., Golledge, N. R., Bertler, N. A. N., Jones, R. S., and McKay, R.: Deglacial grounding-line retreat in the Ross Embayment, Antarctica, controlled by ocean and atmosphere forcing, Sci. Adv., 13, eaav8754,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav8754, 2019.
Lowry, D. P., Golledge, N. R., Bertler, N. A. N., Jones, R. S., McKay, R., and Stutz, J.: Geologic controls on ice sheet sensitivity to deglacial climate forcing in the Ross Embayment, Antarctica, Quaternary Science Advances, 1, 100002, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qsa.2020.100002, 2020.
McKay, R., Golledge, N. R., Maas, S., Naish, T., Levy, R., Dunbar, G., and Kuhn, G.: Antarctic marine ice-sheet retreat in the Ross Sea during the early Holocene, Geology, 44, 7–10, https://doi.org/10.1130/G37315.1, 2016.
Monnin, E., Steig, E. J., Siegenthaler, U., Kawamura, K., Schwander, J., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. F., Morse, D. L., Barnola, J.-M., Bellier, B., Raynaud, D., and Fischer, H.: Evidence for substantial accumulation rate variability in Antarctica during the Holocene, through synchronization of CO2 in the Taylor Dome, Dome C and DML ice cores, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 224, 45–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.007, 2004.
Morin, R. H., Williams, T., Henrys, S. A., Magens, D., Niessen, F., and Hansaraj, D.: Heat Flow and Hydrologic Characteristics at the AND-1B borehole, ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf Project, Antarctica, Geosphere, 6, 370–378, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00512.1, 2010.
Morlighem, M., Rignot, E., Binder, T., Blankenship, D., Drews, R., Eagles, G., Eisen, O., Ferraccioli, F., Forsberg, R., Fretwell, P., Goel, V., Greenbaum, J. S., Gudmundsson, H., Guo, J., Helm, V., Hofstede, C., Howat, I., Humbert, A., Jokat, W., Karlsson, N. B., Lee, W. S., Matsuoka, K., Millan, R., Mouginot, J., Paden, J., Pattyn, F., Roberts, J., Rosier, S., Ruppel, A., Seroussi, H., Smith, E. C., Steinhage, D., Sun, B., van den Broeke, M. R., van Ommen, T. D., van Wessem, M., and Young, D. A.: Deep glacial troughs and stabilizing ridges unveiled beneath the margins of the Antarctic ice sheet, Nat. Geosci., 13, 132–137, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0510-8, 2020.
Nichols, K. A. and Goehring, B. M.: Isolation of quartz for cosmogenic in situ 14C analysis, Geochronology, 1, 43–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-43-2019, 2019.
Nick, F. M., Veen, C. J. V. D., Vieli, A., and Benn, D. I.: A physically based calving model applied to marine outlet glaciers and implications for the glacier dynamics, J. Glaciol., 56, 781–794, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214310794457344, 2010.
Noonan, B., Zawar-Reza, P., and Lawson, W.: Boundary-layer climate of the Darwin–Hatherton Glacial System, Antarctica: meso- and synoptic-scale circulations: Darwin–Hatherton Boundary-layer Climate, Antarctica, Int. J. Climatol., 35, 3608–3623, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4235, 2015.
Peltier, W. R., Argus, D. F., and Drummond, R.: Space geodesy constrains ice-age terminal deglaciation: The global ICE-6G_C (VM5a) model, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 120, 450–487, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011176, 2015.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J. M., Basile, I., Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., Delaygue, G., and Delmotte, M.: Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica, Nature, 399, 429–436, 1999.
Pollard, D. and DeConto, R. M.: Description of a hybrid ice sheet-shelf model, and application to Antarctica, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1273–1295, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1273-2012, 2012a.
Pollard, D. and DeConto, R. M.: A simple inverse method for the distribution of basal sliding coefficients under ice sheets, applied to Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 6, 953–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-953-2012, 2012b.
Pollard, D., DeConto, R. M., and Alley, R. B.: Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 412, 112–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.035, 2015.
Pollard, D., Chang, W., Haran, M., Applegate, P., and DeConto, R.: Large ensemble modeling of the last deglacial retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: comparison of simple and advanced statistical techniques, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1697–1723, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1697-2016, 2016.
Prothro, L. O., Majewski, W., Yokoyama, Y., Simkins, L. M., Anderson, J. B., Yamane, M., Miyairi, Y., and Ohkouchi, N.: Timing and pathways of East Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 230, 106166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106166, 2020.
Reese, R., Gudmundsson, G. H., Levermann, A., and Winkelmann, R.: The far reach of ice-shelf thinning in Antarctica, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 53–57, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0020-x, 2018.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: Ice flow of the Antarctic ice sheet, Science, 333, 1427–1430, 2011.
Schoof, C.: Ice sheet grounding line dynamics: Steady states, stability, and hysteresis, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F03S28, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000664, 2007.
Spector, P., Stone, J., Cowdery, S. G., Hall, B., Conway, H., and Bromley, G.: Rapid early-Holocene deglaciation in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 7817–7825, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074216, 2017.
Spratt, R. M. and Lisiecki, L. E.: A Late Pleistocene sea level stack, Clim. Past, 12, 1079–1092, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1079-2016, 2016.
Stearns, L. A.: Dynamics and mass balance of four large East Antarctic outlet glaciers, Ann. Glaciol., 52, 116–126, 2011.
Stone, J. O.: Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23753–23759, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900181, 2000.
Storey, B. C., Fink, D., Hood, D., Joy, K., Shulmeister, J., Riger-Kusk, M., and Stevens, M. I.: Cosmogenic nuclide exposure age constraints on the glacial history of the Lake Wellman area, Darwin Mountains, Antarctica, Antarct. Sci., 22, 603–618, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102010000799, 2010.
Stutz, J., Mackintosh, A., Norton, K., Whitmore, R., Baroni, C., Jamieson, S. S. R., Jones, R. S., Balco, G., Salvatore, M. C., Casale, S., Lee, J. I., Seong, Y. B., Rhee, H. H., McKay, R., Vargo, L. J., Lowry, D., Spector, P., Cristl, M., Ivy Ochs, S., Di Nicola, L., Iarossi, M., Stuart, F., and Woodruff, T.: Mid-Holocene thinning of David Glacier, Antarctica: Chronology and Controls, The Cryosphere Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-284, in review, 2020.
Sugden, D. E., Balco, G., Cowdery, S. G., Stone, J. O., and Sass, L. C.: Selective glacial erosion and weathering zones in the coastal mountains of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, Geomorphology, 67, 317–334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.10.007, 2005.
Swithinbank, C., Brunk, K., and Sievers, J.: A glaciological map of Filchner-Ronne ice shelf, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol, 11, 150–155, 1988.
Thomas, R. H., MacAyeal, D. R., Eilers, D. H., and Gaylord, D. R.: Glaciological studies on the Ross ice shelf, Antarctica, 1973–1978, The Ross Ice Shelf: Glaciology and Geophysics, 42, 21–53, 1984.
Tinto, K. J., Padman, L., Siddoway, C. S., Springer, S. R., Fricker, H. A., Das, I., Tontini, F. C., Porter, D. F., Frearson, N. P., Howard, S. L., Siegfried, M. R., Mosbeux, C., Becker, M. K., Bertinato, C., Boghosian, A., Brady, N., Burton, B. L., Chu, W., Cordero, S. I., Dhakal, T., Dong, L., Gustafson, C. D., Keeshin, S., Locke, C., Lockett, A., O'Brien, G., Spergel, J. J., Starke, S. E., Tankersley, M., Wearing, M. G., and Bell, R. E.: Ross Ice Shelf response to climate driven by the tectonic imprint on seafloor bathymetry, Nat. Geosci., 12, 441, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0370-2, 2019.
Todd, C., Stone, J., Conway, H., Hall, B., and Bromley, G.: Late Quaternary evolution of Reedy Glacier, Antarctica, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 1328–1341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.001, 2010.
van Wessem, J. M., Reijmer, C. H., Morlighem, M., Mouginot, J., Rignot, E., Medley, B., Joughin, I., Wouters, B., Depoorter, M. A., Bamber, J. L., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Berg, W. J., van den Broeke, M. R., and Meijgaard, E. V.: Improved representation of East Antarctic surface mass balance in a regional atmospheric climate model, J. Glaciol., 60, 761–770, https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG14J051, 2014.
Webster-Brown, J., Gall, M., Gibson, J., Wood, S., and Hawes, I.: The biogeochemistry of meltwater habitats in the Darwin Glacier region (80∘ S), Victoria Land, Antarctica, Antarct. Sci., 22, 646–661, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102010000787, 2010.
Whillans, I. M. and Merry, C. J.: Analysis of a shear zone where a tractor fell into a crevasse, western side of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 33, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232X(01)00024-6, 2001.
Short summary
We present chronologies from Darwin and Hatherton glaciers to better constrain ice sheet retreat during the last deglaciation in the Ross Sector of Antarctica. We use a glacier flowband model and an ensemble of 3D ice sheet model simulations to show that (i) the whole glacier system likely thinned steadily from about 9–3 ka, and (ii) the grounding line likely reached the Darwin–Hatherton Glacier System at about 3 ka, which is ≥3.8 kyr later than was suggested by previous reconstructions.
We present chronologies from Darwin and Hatherton glaciers to better constrain ice sheet retreat...
