Articles | Volume 14, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3731-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3731-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Nov 2020
Research article |
| 05 Nov 2020
| 05 Nov 2020
Tracing devastating fires in Portugal to a snow archive in the Swiss Alps: a case study
Dimitri Osmont
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012
Bern, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
current address: Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
Sandra Brugger
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern,
Switzerland
Anina Gilgen
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, 8092
Zürich, Switzerland
Helga Weber
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Michael Sigl
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Robin L. Modini
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Christoph Schwörer
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern,
Switzerland
Willy Tinner
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern,
Switzerland
Stefan Wunderle
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Margit Schwikowski
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232
Villigen, Switzerland
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012
Bern, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Related authors
No articles found.
Akriti Masoom, Stelios Kazadzis, Robin Lewis Modini, Martin Gysel-Beer, Julian Gröbner, Martine Collaud Coen, Francisco Navas-Guzman, Natalia Kouremeti, Benjamin Tobias Brem, Nora Kristina Nowak, Giovanni Martucci, Maxime Hervo, and Sophie Erb
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2755, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2755, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
This article aims at providing details on the special aerosol properties observed during 2023 Canadian wildfire plume transport and exploring the synergism between remote sensing and in situ measurements for investigating the cause of the occurrence of the observations of special aerosol properties.
Lubna Dada, Benjamin T. Brem, Lidia-Marta Amarandi-Netedu, Martine Collaud Coen, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Christoph Hueglin, Nora Nowak, Robin Modini, Martin Steinbacher, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Aerosol Research, 3, 315–336, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-315-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-315-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the sources of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in Payerne, Switzerland, highlighting the significant role of secondary processes in elevating UFP concentrations to levels comparable to urban areas. As the first study in rural midland Switzerland to analyze new particle formation events and secondary contributions, it offers key insights for air quality regulation and the role of agriculture in Switzerland and central Europe.
Paolo Gabrielli, Theo M. Jenk, Michele Bertó, Giuliano Dreossi, Daniela Festi, Werner Kofler, Mai Winstrup, Klaus Oeggl, Margit Schwikowski, Barbara Stenni, and Carlo Barbante
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2174, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2174, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
A low latitude-high altitude Alpine ice core record was obtained in 2011 from the glacier Alto dell’Ortles (Eastern Alps, Italy) and provided evidence of one of the oldest Alpine ice core records spanning the last ~7000 years, back to the last Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum. Here we provide a new Alto dell’Ortles chronology of improved accuracy that will allow to constrain Holocene climatic and environmental histories emerging from this high-altitude glacial archive of Central Europe.
Tiantian Wang, Jun Zhang, Houssni Lamkaddam, Kun Li, Ka Yuen Cheung, Lisa Kattner, Erlend Gammelsæter, Michael Bauer, Zachary C. J. Decker, Deepika Bhattu, Rujin Huang, Rob L. Modini, Jay G. Slowik, Imad El Haddad, Andre S. H. Prevot, and David M. Bell
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 2707–2724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2707-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-2707-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study analyzes real-time emissions of organic vapors from solid fuel combustion. Using the mass spectrometer, we tested various fuels, finding higher emission factors for organic vapors from wood burning. Intermediate-volatility organic compounds constituted a significant fraction of emissions in solid fuel combustion. Statistical tests identified unique potential markers. Our insights benefit air quality, climate, and health, aiding accurate emission assessments.
Johanna Schäfer, Anja Beschnitt, François Burgay, Thomas Singer, Margit Schwikowski, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 421–430, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-421-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-421-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers preserve organic compounds from atmospheric aerosols, which can serve as markers for emission sources. Most studies overlook the enantiomers of chiral compounds. We developed a two-dimensional liquid chromatography method to determine the chiral ratios of the monoterpene oxidation products cis-pinic acid and cis-pinonic acid in ice-core samples. Applied to samples from the Belukha Glacier (1870–1970 CE), the method revealed fluctuating chiral ratios for the analytes.
Imad El Haddad, Danielle Vienneau, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Robin Modini, Jay G. Slowik, Abhishek Upadhyay, Petros N. Vasilakos, David Bell, Kees de Hoogh, and Andre S. H. Prevot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11981–12011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion paper explores how advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution. We advocate for a shift in the way we target PM pollution, focusing on the most harmful anthropogenic emissions. We highlight key observations, modelling developments, and emission measurements needed to achieve this shift.
Valeria Mardoñez-Balderrama, Griša Močnik, Marco Pandolfi, Robin L. Modini, Fernando Velarde, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Isabel Moreno R., Diego Aliaga, Federico Bianchi, Claudia Mohr, Martin Gysel-Beer, Patrick Ginot, Radovan Krejci, Alfred Wiedensohler, Gaëlle Uzu, Marcos Andrade, and Paolo Laj
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12055–12077, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12055-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12055-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Levels of black carbon (BC) are scarcely reported in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in high-altitude conditions. This study provides insight into the concentration level, variability, and optical properties of BC in La Paz and El Alto and at the Chacaltaya Global Atmosphere Watch Station. Two methods of source apportionment of absorption were tested and compared showing traffic as the main contributor to absorption in the urban area, in addition to biomass and open waste burning.
Elena Di Stefano, Giovanni Baccolo, Massimiliano Clemenza, Barbara Delmonte, Deborah Fiorini, Roberto Garzonio, Margit Schwikowski, and Valter Maggi
The Cryosphere, 18, 2865–2874, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rising temperatures are impacting the reliability of glaciers as environmental archives. This study reports how meltwater percolation affects the distribution of tritium and cesium, which are commonly used as temporal markers in dating ice cores, in a temperate glacier. Our findings challenge the established application of radionuclides for dating mountain ice cores and indicate tritium as the best choice.
Horst Machguth, Anja Eichler, Margit Schwikowski, Sabina Brütsch, Enrico Mattea, Stanislav Kutuzov, Martin Heule, Ryskul Usubaliev, Sultan Belekov, Vladimir N. Mikhalenko, Martin Hoelzle, and Marlene Kronenberg
The Cryosphere, 18, 1633–1646, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1633-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1633-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In 2018 we drilled an 18 m ice core on the summit of Grigoriev ice cap, located in the Tien Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan. The core analysis reveals strong melting since the early 2000s. Regardless of this, we find that the structure and temperature of the ice have changed little since the 1980s. The probable cause of this apparent stability is (i) an increase in snowfall and (ii) the fact that meltwater nowadays leaves the glacier and thereby removes so-called latent heat.
Walter Finsinger, Christian Bigler, Christoph Schwörer, and Willy Tinner
Biogeosciences, 21, 1629–1638, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1629-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1629-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rate-of-change records based on compositional data are ambiguous as they may rise irrespective of the underlying trajectory of ecosystems. We emphasize the importance of characterizing both the direction and the rate of palaeoecological changes in terms of key features of ecosystems rather than solely on community composition. Past accelerations of community transformation may document the potential of ecosystems to rapidly recover important ecological attributes and functions.
Emma Nilsson, Carmen Paulina Vega, Dmitry Divine, Anja Eichler, Tonu Martma, Robert Mulvaney, Elisabeth Schlosser, Margit Schwikowski, and Elisabeth Isaksson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3156, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3156, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
To project future climate change it is necessary to understand paleoclimate including past sea ice conditions. We have investigated methane sulphonic acid (MSA) in Antarctic firn and ice cores to reconstruct sea ice extent (SIE) and found that the MSA – SIE as well as the MSA – phytoplankton biomass relationship varies across the different firn and ice cores. These inconsistencies in correlations across records suggest that MSA in Fimbul Ice Shelf cores does not reliably indicate regional SIE.
Ling Fang, Theo M. Jenk, Dominic Winski, Karl Kreutz, Hanna L. Brooks, Emma Erwin, Erich Osterberg, Seth Campbell, Cameron Wake, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 17, 4007–4020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4007-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4007-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the behavior of ocean–atmosphere teleconnections in the North Pacific during warm intervals can aid in predicting future warming scenarios. However, majority ice core records from Alaska–Yukon region only provide data for the last few centuries. This study introduces a continuous chronology for Denali ice core from Begguya, Alaska, using multiple dating methods. The early-Holocene-origin Denali ice core will facilitate future investigations of hydroclimate in the North Pacific.
Alireza Moallemi, Robin L. Modini, Benjamin T. Brem, Barbara Bertozzi, Philippe Giaccari, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3653–3678, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3653-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3653-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Polarimetric data, i.e., the angular and polarization dependence of light scattering by aerosols, contain ample information on optical and microphysical properties. Retrieval of these properties is a central approach in aerosol remote sensing. We present a description, calibration, validation, and a first application of a new benchtop polar nephelometer, which provides in situ polarimetric measurements of an aerosol. Such data facilitate agreement between retrieval results and independent data.
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, and Alexey A. Ekaykin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of sodium and sulfate measured in Antarctic ice cores is related to changes in both sea ice and winds. Here we have compiled a database of sodium and sulfate records from 105 ice core sites in Antarctica. The records span all, or part, of the past 2000 years. The records will improve our understanding of how winds and sea ice have changed in the past and how they have influenced the climate of Antarctica over the past 2000 years.
Anja Eichler, Michel Legrand, Theo M. Jenk, Susanne Preunkert, Camilla Andersson, Sabine Eckhardt, Magnuz Engardt, Andreas Plach, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 17, 2119–2137, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2119-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2119-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate how a 250-year history of the emission of air pollutants (major inorganic aerosol constituents, black carbon, and trace species) is preserved in ice cores from four sites in the European Alps. The observed uniform timing in species-dependent longer-term concentration changes reveals that the different ice-core records provide a consistent, spatially representative signal of the pollution history from western European countries.
Alireza Moallemi, Rob L. Modini, Tatyana Lapyonok, Anton Lopatin, David Fuertes, Oleg Dubovik, Philippe Giaccari, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5619–5642, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol properties (size distributions, refractive indices) can be retrieved from in situ, angularly resolved light scattering measurements performed with polar nephelometers. We apply an established framework to assess the aerosol property retrieval potential for different instrument configurations, target applications, and assumed prior knowledge. We also demonstrate how a reductive greedy algorithm can be used to determine the optimal placements of the angular sensors in a polar nephelometer.
Christian Tatzelt, Silvia Henning, André Welti, Andrea Baccarini, Markus Hartmann, Martin Gysel-Beer, Manuela van Pinxteren, Robin L. Modini, Julia Schmale, and Frank Stratmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9721–9745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9721-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the abundance and origin of cloud-relevant aerosol particles in the preindustral-like conditions of the Southern Ocean (SO) during austral summer. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice-nucleating particles (INP) were measured during a circum-Antarctic scientific cruise with in situ instrumentation and offline filter measurements, respectively. Transport processes were found to play an equally important role as local sources for both the CCN and INP population of the SO.
Michael Sigl, Matthew Toohey, Joseph R. McConnell, Jihong Cole-Dai, and Mirko Severi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 3167–3196, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3167-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3167-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanism is a key driver of climate. Based on ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, we reconstruct its climate impact potential over the Holocene. By aligning records on a well-dated chronology from Antarctica, we resolve long-standing inconsistencies in the dating of past volcanic eruptions. We reconstruct 850 eruptions (which, in total, injected 7410 Tg of sulfur in the stratosphere) and estimate how they changed the opacity of the atmosphere, a prerequisite for climate model simulations.
Wangbin Zhang, Shugui Hou, Shuang-Ye Wu, Hongxi Pang, Sharon B. Sneed, Elena V. Korotkikh, Paul A. Mayewski, Theo M. Jenk, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 16, 1997–2008, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1997-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1997-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a quantitative method to reconstruct annual precipitation records at the millennial timescale from the Tibetan ice cores through combining annual layer identification based on LA-ICP-MS measurement with an ice flow model. The reliability of this method is assessed by comparing our results with other reconstructed and modeled precipitation series for the Tibetan Plateau. The assessment shows that the method has a promising performance.
Markus Stoffel, Christophe Corona, Francis Ludlow, Michael Sigl, Heli Huhtamaa, Emmanuel Garnier, Samuli Helama, Sébastien Guillet, Arlene Crampsie, Katrin Kleemann, Chantal Camenisch, Joseph McConnell, and Chaochao Gao
Clim. Past, 18, 1083–1108, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1083-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1083-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The mid-17th century saw several volcanic eruptions, deteriorating climate, political instability, and famine in Europe, China, and Japan. We analyze impacts of the eruptions on climate but also study their socio-political context. We show that an unambiguous distinction of volcanic cooling or wetting from natural climate variability is not straightforward. It also shows that political instability, poor harvest, and famine cannot only be attributed to volcanic climatic impacts.
Jiamei Lin, Anders Svensson, Christine S. Hvidberg, Johannes Lohmann, Steffen Kristiansen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Eliza Cook, Helle Astrid Kjær, Bo M. Vinther, Hubertus Fischer, Thomas Stocker, Michael Sigl, Matthias Bigler, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, and Robert Mulvaney
Clim. Past, 18, 485–506, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-485-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-485-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We employ acidity records from Greenland and Antarctic ice cores to estimate the emission strength, frequency and climatic forcing for large volcanic eruptions from the last half of the last glacial period. A total of 25 volcanic eruptions are found to be larger than any eruption in the last 2500 years, and we identify more eruptions than obtained from geological evidence. Towards the end of the glacial period, there is a notable increase in volcanic activity observed for Greenland.
Paolo Gabrielli, Theo Manuel Jenk, Michele Bertó, Giuliano Dreossi, Daniela Festi, Werner Kofler, Mai Winstrup, Klaus Oeggl, Margit Schwikowski, Barbara Stenni, and Carlo Barbante
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2022-20, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2022-20, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We present a methodology that reduces the chronological uncertainty of an Alpine ice core record from the glacier Alto dell’Ortles, Italy. This chronology will allow the constraint of the Holocene climatic and environmental histories emerging from this archive of Central Europe. This method will allow to obtain accurate chronologies also from other ice cores from-low latitude/high-altitude glaciers that typically suffer from larger dating uncertainties compared with well dated polar records.
Gill Plunkett, Michael Sigl, Hans F. Schwaiger, Emma L. Tomlinson, Matthew Toohey, Joseph R. McConnell, Jonathan R. Pilcher, Takeshi Hasegawa, and Claus Siebe
Clim. Past, 18, 45–65, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-45-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-45-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report the identification of volcanic ash associated with a sulfate layer in Greenland ice cores previously thought to have been from the Vesuvius 79 CE eruption and which had been used to confirm the precise dating of the Greenland ice-core chronology. We find that the tephra was probably produced by an eruption in Alaska. We show the importance of verifying sources of volcanic signals in ice cores through ash analysis to avoid errors in dating ice cores and interpreting volcanic impacts.
Anne Dallmeyer, Martin Claussen, Stephan J. Lorenz, Michael Sigl, Matthew Toohey, and Ulrike Herzschuh
Clim. Past, 17, 2481–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2481-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2481-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using the comprehensive Earth system model, MPI-ESM1.2, we explore the global Holocene vegetation changes and interpret them in terms of the Holocene climate change. The model results reveal that most of the Holocene vegetation transitions seen outside the high northern latitudes can be attributed to modifications in the intensity of the global summer monsoons.
Sebastian Landwehr, Michele Volpi, F. Alexander Haumann, Charlotte M. Robinson, Iris Thurnherr, Valerio Ferracci, Andrea Baccarini, Jenny Thomas, Irina Gorodetskaya, Christian Tatzelt, Silvia Henning, Rob L. Modini, Heather J. Forrer, Yajuan Lin, Nicolas Cassar, Rafel Simó, Christel Hassler, Alireza Moallemi, Sarah E. Fawcett, Neil Harris, Ruth Airs, Marzieh H. Derkani, Alberto Alberello, Alessandro Toffoli, Gang Chen, Pablo Rodríguez-Ros, Marina Zamanillo, Pau Cortés-Greus, Lei Xue, Conor G. Bolas, Katherine C. Leonard, Fernando Perez-Cruz, David Walton, and Julia Schmale
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 1295–1369, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition surveyed a large number of variables describing the dynamic state of ocean and atmosphere, freshwater cycle, atmospheric chemistry, ocean biogeochemistry, and microbiology in the Southern Ocean. To reduce the dimensionality of the dataset, we apply a sparse principal component analysis and identify temporal patterns from diurnal to seasonal cycles, as well as geographical gradients and
hotspotsof interaction. Code and data are open access.
Mickaël Lalande, Martin Ménégoz, Gerhard Krinner, Kathrin Naegeli, and Stefan Wunderle
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 1061–1098, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1061-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1061-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change over High Mountain Asia is investigated with CMIP6 climate models. A general cold bias is found in this area, often related to a snow cover overestimation in the models. Ensemble experiments generally encompass the past observed trends, suggesting that even biased models can reproduce the trends. Depending on the future scenario, a warming from 1.9 to 6.5 °C, associated with a snow cover decrease and precipitation increase, is expected at the end of the 21st century.
Woon Mi Kim, Richard Blender, Michael Sigl, Martina Messmer, and Christoph C. Raible
Clim. Past, 17, 2031–2053, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2031-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2031-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the natural characteristics and future changes of the global extreme daily precipitation, it is necessary to explore the long-term characteristics of extreme daily precipitation. Here, we used climate simulations to analyze the characteristics and long-term changes of extreme precipitation during the past 3351 years. Our findings indicate that extreme precipitation in the past is associated with internal climate variability and regional surface temperatures.
Xiaodan Wu, Kathrin Naegeli, Valentina Premier, Carlo Marin, Dujuan Ma, Jingping Wang, and Stefan Wunderle
The Cryosphere, 15, 4261–4279, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4261-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4261-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a comprehensive accuracy assessment of an Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer global area coverage snow-cover extent time series dataset for the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The sensor-to-sensor consistency, the accuracy related to snow depth, elevations, land-cover types, slope, and aspects, and topographical variability were also explored. Our analysis shows an overall accuracy of 94 % in comparison with in situ station data, which is the same with MOD10A1 V006.
Vaios Moschos, Martin Gysel-Beer, Robin L. Modini, Joel C. Corbin, Dario Massabò, Camilla Costa, Silvia G. Danelli, Athanasia Vlachou, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Sönke Szidat, Paolo Prati, André S. H. Prévôt, Urs Baltensperger, and Imad El Haddad
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12809–12833, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a holistic approach to studying the spectrally resolved light absorption by atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) and black carbon using long time series of daily samples from filter-based measurements. The obtained results provide (1) a better understanding of the aerosol absorption profile and its dependence on BrC and on lensing from less absorbing coatings and (2) an estimation of the most important absorbers at typical European locations.
Daniela Festi, Margit Schwikowski, Valter Maggi, Klaus Oeggl, and Theo Manuel Jenk
The Cryosphere, 15, 4135–4143, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In our study we dated a 46 m deep ice core retrieved from the Adamello glacier (Central Italian Alps). We obtained a timescale combining the results of radionuclides 210Pb and 137Cs with annual layer counting derived from pollen and refractory black carbon concentrations. Our results indicate that the surface of the glacier is older than the drilling date of 2016 by about 20 years, therefore revealing that the glacier is at high risk of collapsing under current climate warming conditions.
Shugui Hou, Wangbin Zhang, Ling Fang, Theo M. Jenk, Shuangye Wu, Hongxi Pang, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 15, 2109–2114, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2109-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2109-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present ages for two new ice cores reaching bedrock, from the Zangser Kangri (ZK) glacier in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau and the Shulenanshan (SLNS) glacier in the western Qilian Mountains. We estimated bottom ages of 8.90±0.57/0.56 ka and 7.46±1.46/1.79 ka for the ZK and SLNS ice core respectively, constraining the time range accessible by Tibetan ice cores to the Holocene.
Ling Fang, Theo M. Jenk, Thomas Singer, Shugui Hou, and Margit Schwikowski
The Cryosphere, 15, 1537–1550, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1537-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1537-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The interpretation of the ice-core-preserved signal requires a precise chronology. Radiocarbon (14C) dating of the water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) fraction has become an important dating tool. However, this method is restricted by the low concentration in the ice. In this work, we report first 14C dating results using the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fraction. The resulting ages are comparable in both fractions, but by using the DOC fraction the required ice mass can be reduced.
Peter M. Abbott, Gill Plunkett, Christophe Corona, Nathan J. Chellman, Joseph R. McConnell, John R. Pilcher, Markus Stoffel, and Michael Sigl
Clim. Past, 17, 565–585, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-565-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic eruptions are a key source of climatic variability, and greater understanding of their past influence will increase the accuracy of future projections. We use volcanic ash from a 1477 CE Icelandic eruption in a Greenlandic ice core as a temporal fix point to constrain the timing of two eruptions in the 1450s CE and their climatic impact. Despite being the most explosive Icelandic eruption in the last 1200 years, the 1477 CE event had a limited impact on Northern Hemisphere climate.
Rosaria E. Pileci, Robin L. Modini, Michele Bertò, Jinfeng Yuan, Joel C. Corbin, Angela Marinoni, Bas Henzing, Marcel M. Moerman, Jean P. Putaud, Gerald Spindler, Birgit Wehner, Thomas Müller, Thomas Tuch, Arianna Trentini, Marco Zanatta, Urs Baltensperger, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1379–1403, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1379-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1379-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC), which is an important constituent of atmospheric aerosols, remains difficult to quantify due to various limitations of available methods. This study provides an extensive comparison of co-located field measurements, applying two methods based on different principles. It was shown that both methods indeed quantify the same aerosol property – BC mass concentration. The level of agreement that can be expected was quantified, and some reasons for discrepancy were identified.
Sebastian Hellmann, Johanna Kerch, Ilka Weikusat, Andreas Bauder, Melchior Grab, Guillaume Jouvet, Margit Schwikowski, and Hansruedi Maurer
The Cryosphere, 15, 677–694, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-677-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-677-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse the orientation of ice crystals in an Alpine glacier and compare this orientation with the ice flow direction. We found that the crystals orient in the direction of the largest stress which is in the flow direction in the upper parts of the glacier and in the vertical direction for deeper zones of the glacier. The grains cluster around this maximum stress direction, in particular four-point maxima, most likely as a result of recrystallisation under relatively warm conditions.
Rob L. Modini, Joel C. Corbin, Benjamin T. Brem, Martin Irwin, Michele Bertò, Rosaria E. Pileci, Prodromos Fetfatzis, Kostas Eleftheriadis, Bas Henzing, Marcel M. Moerman, Fengshan Liu, Thomas Müller, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 819–851, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-819-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-819-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Extinction-minus-scattering is an important method for measuring aerosol light absorption, but its application in the field presents a number of challenges. A recently developed instrument based on this method – the CAPS PMssa – has the potential to overcome some of these challenges. We present a compilation of theory, lab measurements, and field examples to characterize this instrument and show the conditions under which it can deliver reliable absorption measurements for atmospheric aerosols.
Jinfeng Yuan, Robin Lewis Modini, Marco Zanatta, Andreas B. Herber, Thomas Müller, Birgit Wehner, Laurent Poulain, Thomas Tuch, Urs Baltensperger, and Martin Gysel-Beer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 635–655, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) aerosols contribute substantially to climate warming due to their unique light absorption capabilities. We performed field measurements at a central European background site in winter and found that variability in the absorption efficiency of BC particles is driven mainly by their internal mixing state. Our results suggest that, at this site, knowing the BC mixing state is sufficient to describe BC light absorption enhancements due to the lensing effect in good approximation.
Guillaume Jouvet, Stefan Röllin, Hans Sahli, José Corcho, Lars Gnägi, Loris Compagno, Dominik Sidler, Margit Schwikowski, Andreas Bauder, and Martin Funk
The Cryosphere, 14, 4233–4251, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4233-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4233-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We show that plutonium is an effective tracer to identify ice originating from the early 1960s at the surface of a mountain glacier after a long time within the ice flow, giving unique information on the long-term former ice motion. Combined with ice flow modelling, the dating can be extended to the entire glacier, and we show that an airplane which crash-landed on the Gauligletscher in 1946 will likely soon be released from the ice close to the place where pieces have emerged in recent years.
Basil A. S. Davis, Manuel Chevalier, Philipp Sommer, Vachel A. Carter, Walter Finsinger, Achille Mauri, Leanne N. Phelps, Marco Zanon, Roman Abegglen, Christine M. Åkesson, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, R. Scott Anderson, Tatiana G. Antipina, Juliana R. Atanassova, Ruth Beer, Nina I. Belyanina, Tatiana A. Blyakharchuk, Olga K. Borisova, Elissaveta Bozilova, Galina Bukreeva, M. Jane Bunting, Eleonora Clò, Daniele Colombaroli, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Stéphanie Desprat, Federico Di Rita, Morteza Djamali, Kevin J. Edwards, Patricia L. Fall, Angelica Feurdean, William Fletcher, Assunta Florenzano, Giulia Furlanetto, Emna Gaceur, Arsenii T. Galimov, Mariusz Gałka, Iria García-Moreiras, Thomas Giesecke, Roxana Grindean, Maria A. Guido, Irina G. Gvozdeva, Ulrike Herzschuh, Kari L. Hjelle, Sergey Ivanov, Susanne Jahns, Vlasta Jankovska, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Ikuko Kitaba, Piotr Kołaczek, Elena G. Lapteva, Małgorzata Latałowa, Vincent Lebreton, Suzanne Leroy, Michelle Leydet, Darya A. Lopatina, José Antonio López-Sáez, André F. Lotter, Donatella Magri, Elena Marinova, Isabelle Matthias, Anastasia Mavridou, Anna Maria Mercuri, Jose Manuel Mesa-Fernández, Yuri A. Mikishin, Krystyna Milecka, Carlo Montanari, César Morales-Molino, Almut Mrotzek, Castor Muñoz Sobrino, Olga D. Naidina, Takeshi Nakagawa, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, Elena Y. Novenko, Sampson Panajiotidis, Nata K. Panova, Maria Papadopoulou, Heather S. Pardoe, Anna Pędziszewska, Tatiana I. Petrenko, María J. Ramos-Román, Cesare Ravazzi, Manfred Rösch, Natalia Ryabogina, Silvia Sabariego Ruiz, J. Sakari Salonen, Tatyana V. Sapelko, James E. Schofield, Heikki Seppä, Lyudmila Shumilovskikh, Normunds Stivrins, Philipp Stojakowits, Helena Svobodova Svitavska, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Ioan Tantau, Willy Tinner, Kazimierz Tobolski, Spassimir Tonkov, Margarita Tsakiridou, Verushka Valsecchi, Oksana G. Zanina, and Marcelina Zimny
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2423–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2423-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2423-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) contains pollen counts and associated metadata for 8134 modern pollen samples from across the Eurasian region. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives. The purpose of the EMPD is to provide calibration datasets and other data to support palaeoecological research on past climates and vegetation cover over the Quaternary period.
Cited articles
Adolf, C., Wunderle, S., Colombaroli, D., Weber, H., Gobet, E., Heiri, O.,
van Leeuwen, J. F. N., Bigler, C., Connor, S. E., Gałka, M., La Mantia,
T., Makhortykh, S., Svitavská-Svobodová, H., Vannière, B., and
Tinner, W.: The sedimentary and remote-sensing reflection of biomass burning
in Europe, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 27, 199–212, 2018.
Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from
biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 955–966, 2001.
Arienzo, M. M., McConnell, J. R., Murphy, L. N., Chellman, N., Das, S.,
Kipfstuhl, S., and Mulvaney, R.: Holocene black carbon in Antarctica
paralleled Southern Hemisphere climate, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 6713–-6728, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026599, 2017.
Baltensperger, U., Gäggeler, H. W., Jost, D. T., Lugauer, M.,
Schwikowski, M., and Weingartner, E.: Aerosol climatology at the high-alpine
site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19707–19715,
1997.
Bond, W. J., Woodward, F. I., and Midgley, G. F.: The global distribution of
ecosystems in a world without fire, New Phytol., 165, 525–537, 2005.
Bowman, D. M. J. S., Balch, J. K., Artaxo, P., Bond, W. J., Carlson, J. M.,
Cochrane, M. A., D'Antonio, C. M., DeFries, R. S., Doyle, J. C., Harrison,
S. P., Johnston, F. H., Keeley, J. E., Krawchuk, M. A., Kull, C. A.,
Marston, J. B., Moritz, M. A., Prentice, I. C., Roos, C. I., Scott, A. C.,
Swetnam , T. W., van der Werf, G. R., and Pyne, S. J.: Fire in the Earth
System, Science, 324, 481–484, 2009.
Bowman, D. M. J. S., Balch, J. K., Artaxo, P., Bond, W. J., Cochrane, M. A.,
D'Antonio, C. M., DeFries, R. S., Johnston, F. H., Keeley, J. E., Krawchuk,
M. A., Kull, C. A., Mack, M., Moritz, M. A., Pyne, S. J., Roos, C. I.,
Scott, A. C., Sodhi, N. S., and Swetnam, T. W.: The human dimension of fire
regimes on Earth, J. Biogeogr., 38, 2223–2236, 2011.
Brugger, S. O., Gobet, E., Sigl, M., Osmont, D., Papina, T., Rudaya, N.,
Schwikowski, M., and Tinner, W.: Ice records provide new insights into
climatic vulnerability of Central Asian forest and steppe communities,
Global Planet. Change, 169, 188–201, 2018a.
Brugger, S. O., Gobet, E., Schanz, F. R., Heiri, O., Schwörer, C., Sigl,
M., Schwikowski, M., and Tinner, W.: A quantitative comparison of
microfossil extraction methods from ice cores, J. Glaciol., 64,
432–442, 2018b.
Brugger, S. O., Gobet, E., Osmont, D., Behling, H., Fontana, S. L.,
Hooghiemstra, H., Morales-Molino, C., Sigl, M., Schwikowski, M., and Tinner,
W.: Tropical Andean glacier reveals colonial legacy in modern mountain
ecosystems, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 220, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.032, 2019a.
Brugger, S. O., Gobet, E., Blunier, T., Morales-Molino, C., Lotter, A. F.,
Fischer, H., Schwikowski, M., and Tinner, W.: Palynological insights into
global change impacts on Arctic vegetation, fire, and pollution recorded in
Central Greenland ice, Holocene, 29, 1189–1197, 2019b.
Bukowiecki, N., Weingartner, E., Gysel, M., Collaud Coen, M., Zieger, P.,
Herrmann, E., Steinbacher, M., Gäggeler, H. W., and Baltensperger, U.: A
review of more than 20 years of aerosol observation at the high altitude
research station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3580 m a.s.l.), Aerosol Air Qual.
Res., 16, 764–788, 2016.
Cape, J. N., Coyle, M., and Dumitrean, P.: The atmospheric lifetime of black
carbon, Atmos. Environ., 59, 256–263, 2012.
Clarke, A. D. and Noone, K. J.: Soot in the Arctic snowpack: a cause for
perturbations in radiative transfer, Atmos. Environ., 19, 2045–2053,
1985.
Cozic, J., Verheggen, B., Weingartner, E., Crosier, J., Bower, K. N., Flynn, M., Coe, H., Henning, S., Steinbacher, M., Henne, S., Collaud Coen, M., Petzold, A., and Baltensperger, U.: Chemical composition of free tropospheric aerosol for PM1 and coarse mode at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 407–423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-407-2008, 2008.
CTI – Comissão Técnica Independente: Análise e apuramento dos
factos relativos aos incêndios que ocorreram em Pedrógão Grande,
Castanheira de Pera, Ansião, Alvaiázere, Figueiró dos Vinhos,
Arganil, Góis, Penela, Pampilhosa da Serra, Oleiros e Sertã, entre
17 e 24 de junho de 2017, Relatório, Assembleia da República, p. 296, 2017.
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P.,
Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P.,
Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N.,
Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S.
B., Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P.,
Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M.,
Morcrette, J., Park, B., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C.,
Thépaut, J., and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration
and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137,
553–597, 2011.
Dibb, J. E., Talbot, R. W., Whitlow, S. I., Shipham, M. C., Winterle, J.,
McConnell, J., and Bales, R.: Biomass burning signatures in the atmosphere
and snow at Summit, Greenland: An event on 5 August 1994, Atmos. Environ.,
30, 553–561, 1996.
Eichler, A., Tinner, W., Brütsch, S., Olivier, S., Papina, T., and
Schwikowski, M.: An ice-core based history of Siberian forest fires since AD
1250, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 1027–1034, 2011.
Finsinger, W. and Tinner, W.: Minimum count sums for charcoal concentration
estimates in pollen slides: accuracy and potential errors, Holocene, 15,
293–297, 2005.
Fischer, H., Schüpbach, S., Gfeller, G., Bigler, M., Rothlisberger, R.,
Erhardt, T., Stocker, T. F., Mulvaney, R., and Wolff, E.: Millennial changes
in North American wildfire and soil activity over the last glacial cycle,
Nat. Geosci., 8, 723–728, 2015.
Flannigan, M., Cantin, A. S., de Groot, W. J., Wotton, M., Nwebery, A., and
Gowman, L. M.: Global wildland fire season severity in the 21st
century, Forest Ecol. Manag., 294, 54–61, 2013.
Giglio, L. and Justice, C.: MOD14A1 MODIS/Terra Thermal Anomalies/Fire
Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid V006 [Data set], NASA EOSDIS LP DAAC,
https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD14A1.006, 2015a.
Giglio, L., Justice, C., Boschetti, L., and Roy, D.: MCD64A1
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Burned Area Monthly L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid V006 [Data
set], NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD64A1.006,
2015b.
Gilgen, A., Adolf, C., Brugger, S. O., Ickes, L., Schwikowski, M., van Leeuwen, J. F. N., Tinner, W., and Lohmann, U.: Implementing microscopic charcoal particles into a global aerosol–climate model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11813–11829, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11813-2018, 2018.
Gogoi, M. M., Babu, S. S., Moorthy, K. K., Thakur, R. C., Chaubey, J. P.,
and Nair, V. S.: Aerosol black carbon over Svalbard regions of Arctic, Polar
Sci., 10, 60–70, 2016.
Gogoi, M. M., Babu, S. S., Pandey, S. K., Nair, V. S., Vaishya, A., Girach,
I. A., and Koushik, N.: Scavenging ratio of black carbon in the Arctic and
the Antarctic, Polar Sci., 16, 10–22, 2018.
Gómez-González, S., Ojeda, F., and Fernandes, P. M.: Portugal and
Chile: Longing for sustainable forestry while rising from the ashes,
Environ. Sci. Policy, 81, 104–107, 2018.
Hantson, S., Pueyo, S., and Chuvieco, E.: Global fire size distribution is
driven by human impact and climate, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 24, 77–86,
2015.
Herren, P.-A., Eichler, A., Machguth, H., Papina, T., Tobler, L., Zapf, A.,
and Schwikowski, M.: The onset of Neoglaciation 6000 years ago in western
Mongolia revealed by an ice core from the Tsambagarav mountain range,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 69, 59–69, 2013.
Hicks, S. and Isaksson, E.: Assessing source areas of pollutants from
studies of fly ash, charcoal and pollen from Svalbard snow and ice, J.
Geophys. Res., 111, D02113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006167, 2006.
Jacobson, J. Z.: Climate response of fossil fuel and biofuel soot, accounting
for soot's feedback to snow and sea ice albedo and emissivity, J. Geophys.
Res., 109, D21201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004945, 2004.
Kaspari, S., Skiles, S. M., Delaney, I., Dixon, D., and Painter, T. H.:
Accelerated glacier melt on Snow Dome, Mount Olympus, Washington, USA, due
to deposition of black carbon and mineral dust from wildfire, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 120, 2793–2807, 2015.
Keegan, K. M., Albert, M. R., McConnell, J. R., and Baker, I.: Climate
change and forest fires synergistically drive widespread melt events of the
Greenland Ice Sheet, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 7964–7967, 2014.
Keywood, M., Kanakidou, M., Stohl, A., Dentener, F., Grassi, G., Meyer, C.
P., Torseth, K., Edwards, D., Thompson, A. M., Lohmann, U., and Burrows, J.:
Fire in the air: Biomass burning impacts in a changing climate, Crit. Rev.
Env. Sci. Tech., 43, 40–83, 2013.
Konrad, H., Bohleber, P., Wagenbach, D., Vincent, C., and Eisen, O.:
Determining the age distribution of Colle Gnifetti, Monte Rosa, Swiss Alps,
by combining ice cores, ground-penetrating radar and a simple flow model, J.
Glaciol., 59, 179–189, 2013.
Lamarque, J.-F., Bond, T. C., Eyring, V., Granier, C., Heil, A., Klimont, Z., Lee, D., Liousse, C., Mieville, A., Owen, B., Schultz, M. G., Shindell, D., Smith, S. J., Stehfest, E., Van Aardenne, J., Cooper, O. R., Kainuma, M., Mahowald, N., McConnell, J. R., Naik, V., Riahi, K., and van Vuuren, D. P.: Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7017–7039, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010, 2010.
Legrand, M. and DeAngelis, M.: Light carboxylic acids in Greenland ice: A
record of past forest fires and vegetation emissions from the boreal zone,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101, 4129–4145, 1996.
Legrand, M., De Angelis, M., Staffelbach, T., Neftel, A., and Stauffer, B.:
Large perturbations of ammonium and organic acids content in the
Summit-Greenland ice core: Fingerprint from forest fires?, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 19, 473–475, 1992.
Legrand, M., McConnell, J., Fischer, H., Wolff, E. W., Preunkert, S., Arienzo, M., Chellman, N., Leuenberger, D., Maselli, O., Place, P., Sigl, M., Schüpbach, S., and Flannigan, M.: Boreal fire records in Northern Hemisphere ice cores: a review, Clim. Past, 12, 2033–2059, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2033-2016, 2016.
Lim, S., Faïn, X., Ginot, P., Mikhalenko, V., Kutuzov, S., Paris, J.-D., Kozachek, A., and Laj, P.: Black carbon variability since preindustrial times in the eastern part of Europe reconstructed from Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus, ice cores, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3489–3505, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3489-2017, 2017.
Liu, D., Flynn, M., Gysel, M., Targino, A., Crawford, I., Bower, K., Choularton, T., Jurányi, Z., Steinbacher, M., Hüglin, C., Curtius, J., Kampus, M., Petzold, A., Weingartner, E., Baltensperger, U., and Coe, H.: Single particle characterization of black carbon aerosols at a tropospheric alpine site in Switzerland, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7389–7407, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7389-2010, 2010.
Marlon, J. R., Kelly, R., Daniau, A.-L., Vannière, B., Power, M. J., Bartlein, P., Higuera, P., Blarquez, O., Brewer, S., Brücher, T., Feurdean, A., Romera, G. G., Iglesias, V., Maezumi, S. Y., Magi, B., Courtney Mustaphi, C. J., and Zhihai, T.: Reconstructions of biomass burning from sediment-charcoal records to improve data–model comparisons, Biogeosciences, 13, 3225–3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3225-2016, 2016.
MeteoSwiss: Bulletin Climatologique Juin 2017, Genève, 2017,
available at: https://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/home/service-et-publications/publications.subpage.html/fr/data/publications/2017/7/bulletin-climatologique-juin-2017.html?pageIndex=5tab=search_tab,
last access: 25 April 2019.
MeteoSwiss: Cendres des incendies portugais détectées en Suisse, available at:
https://www.meteosuisse.admin.ch/home.subpage.html/fr/data/blogs/2017/6/incendies-du-portugal-mesures-en-suisse
(last access: 8 October 2018), 2017.
Moritz, M. A., Batllori, E., Bradstock, R. A., Malcolm Gill, A., Handmer,
J., Hessburg, P. F., Leonard, J., McCaffrey, S., Odion, D. C., Schoennagel,
T., and Syphard, A. D.: Learning to coexist with wildfire, Nature, 515,
58–66, 2014.
Motos, G., Schmale, J., Corbin, J. C., Modini, Rob. L., Karlen, N., Bertò, M., Baltensperger, U., and Gysel-Beer, M.: Cloud droplet activation properties and scavenged fraction of black carbon in liquid-phase clouds at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3833–3855, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3833-2019, 2019.
Mouillot, F. and Field, C.: Fire history and the global carbon budget: a
Noone, K. J. and Clarke, A. D.: Soot scavenging measurements in Arctic
snowfall, Atmos. Environ., 22, 2773–2778, 1988.
Osmont, D., Wendl, I. A., Schmidely, L., Sigl, M., Vega, C. P., Isaksson, E., and Schwikowski, M.: An 800-year high-resolution black carbon ice core record from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 12777–12795, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-12777-2018, 2018.
Osmont, D., Sigl, M., Eichler, A., Jenk, T. M., and Schwikowski, M.: A Holocene black carbon ice-core record of biomass burning in the Amazon Basin from Illimani, Bolivia, Clim. Past, 15, 579–592, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-579-2019, 2019.
Page, S. E., Siegert, F., Rieley, J. O., Boehm, H.-D. V., Jaya, A., and
Limin, S.: The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in
Indonesia during 1997, Nature, 420, 61–65, 2002.
Pechony, O. and Shindell, D. T.: Driving forces of global wildfires over the
past millennium and the forthcoming century, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
107, 19167–19170, 2010.
Petzold, A. and Schönlinner, M.: Multi-angle absorption photometry – a
new method for the measurement of aerosol light absorption and atmospheric
black carbon, J. Aerosol Sci., 35, 421–441, 2004.
Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting “black carbon” measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
Randerson, J. T., Liu, H., Flanner, M. G., Chambers, S. D., Jin, Y., Hess,
P. G., Pfister, G., Mack, M. C., Treseder, K. K., Welp, L. R., Chapin, F.
S., Harden, J. W., Goulden, M. L., Lyons, E., Neff, J. C., Schuur, E. A. G.,
and Zender, C. S.: The impact of boreal forest fire on climate warming,
Science, 314, 1130–1132, 2006.
Reese, C. A., Liu, K. B., and Thompson, L. G.: An ice-core pollen record
showing vegetation response to Late-glacial and Holocene climate changes at
Nevado Sajama, Bolivia, Ann. Glaciol., 54, 183–190, 2013.
Rémy, S., Veira, A., Paugam, R., Sofiev, M., Kaiser, J. W., Marenco, F., Burton, S. P., Benedetti, A., Engelen, R. J., Ferrare, R., and Hair, J. W.: Two global data sets of daily fire emission injection heights since 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2921–2942, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2921-2017, 2017.
Ruppel, M. M., Soares, J., Gallet, J.-C., Isaksson, E., Martma, T., Svensson, J., Kohler, J., Pedersen, C. A., Manninen, S., Korhola, A., and Ström, J.: Do contemporary (1980–2015) emissions determine the elemental carbon deposition trend at Holtedahlfonna glacier, Svalbard?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12779–12795, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12779-2017, 2017.
Savarino, J. and Legrand, M.: High northern latitude forest fires and
vegetation emissions over the last millennium inferred from the chemistry of
a central Greenland ice core, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 8267–8279,
1998.
Schroeder, W., Oliva, P., Giglio, L., and Csiszar, I. A.: The New VIIRS 375 m active fire detection data product: algorithm description and initial
assessment, Remote Sens. Environ., 143, 85–96,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.12.008, 2014.
Schwarz, J. P., Gao, R. S., Fahey, D. W., Thomson, D. S., Watts, L. A.,
Wilson, J. C., Reeves, J. M., Darbeheshti, M., Baumgardner, D. G., Kok, G.
L., Chung, S. H., Schulz, M., Hendricks, J., Lauer, A., Karcher, B., Slowik,
J. G., Rosenlof, K. H., Thompson, T. L., Langford, A. O., Loewenstein, M.,
and Aikin, K. C.: Single-particle measurements of midlatitude black carbon
and light-scattering aerosols from the boundary layer to the lower
stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D16207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007076, 2006.
Schwarz, J. P., Gao, R. S., Spackman, J. R., Watts, L. A., Thomson, D. S.,
Fahey, D. W., Ryerson, T. B., Peischl, J., Holloway, J. S., Trainer, M.,
Frost, G. J., Baynard, T., Lack, D. A., de Gouw, J. A., Warneke, C., and Del
Negro, L. A.: Measurement of the mixing state, mass, and optical size of
individual black carbon particles in urban and biomass burning emissions,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13810, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033968, 2008.
Schwikowski, M., Seibert, P., Baltensperger, U., and Gäggeler, H. W.: A
study of an outstanding Saharan dust event at the high-alpine site
Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, Atmos. Environ., 29, 1829–1842, 1995.
Sigl, M., Abram, N. J., Gabrieli, J., Jenk, T. M., Osmont, D., and Schwikowski, M.: 19th century glacier retreat in the Alps preceded the emergence of industrial black carbon deposition on high-alpine glaciers, The Cryosphere, 12, 3311–3331, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3311-2018, 2018.
Sinha, P. R., Kondo, Y., Goto-Azuma, K., Tsukagawa, Y., Fukuda, K., Koike,
M., Ohata, S., Moteki, N., Mori, T., Oshima, N., Førland, E. J., Irwin,
M., Gallet, J.-C., and Pedersen, C. A.: Seasonal Progression of the
Deposition of Black Carbon by Snowfall at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 997–1016, 2018.
Sprenger, M. and Wernli, H.: The LAGRANTO Lagrangian analysis tool – version 2.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2569–2586, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2569-2015, 2015.
Stephens, M., Turner, N., and Sandberg, J.: Particle identification by
laser-induced incandescence in a solid-state laser cavity, Appl. Optics, 42,
3726–3736, 2003.
Stier, P., Feichter, J., Kinne, S., Kloster, S., Vignati, E., Wilson, J., Ganzeveld, L., Tegen, I., Werner, M., Balkanski, Y., Schulz, M., Boucher, O., Minikin, A., and Petzold, A.: The aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1125–1156, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1125-2005, 2005.
Thomas, J. L., Polashenski, C. M., Soja, A. J., Marelle, L., Casey, K. A.,
Choi, H. D., Raut, J.-C., Wiedinmyer, C., Emmons, L. K., Fast, J. D., Pelon,
J., Law, K. S., Flanner, M. G., and Dibb, J. E.: Quantifying black carbon
deposition over the Greenland ice sheet from forest fires in Canada,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 7965–7974, 2017.
Tinner, W. and Hu, F. S.: Size parameters, size-class distribution and
area-number relationship of microscopic charcoal: relevance for fire
reconstruction, Holocene, 13, 499–505, 2003.
Uglietti, C., Zapf, A., Jenk, T. M., Sigl, M., Szidat, S., Salazar, G., and Schwikowski, M.: Radiocarbon dating of glacier ice: overview, optimisation, validation and potential, The Cryosphere, 10, 3091–3105, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-3091-2016, 2016.
Wang, Z. W., Gallet, J. C., Pedersen, C. A., Zhang, X. S., Ström, J., and Ci, Z. J.: Elemental carbon in snow at Changbai Mountain, northeastern China: concentrations, scavenging ratios, and dry deposition velocities, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 629–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-629-2014, 2014.
Warren, S. G. and Clarke, A. D.: Soot in the atmosphere and snow surface of
Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1811–1816, 1990.
Weber, H. and Wunderle, S.: Drifting Effects of NOAA Satellites on Long-Term Active
Fire Records of Europe, Remote Sens., 11, 467, 2019.
Wendl, I. A., Menking, J. A., Färber, R., Gysel, M., Kaspari, S. D., Laborde, M. J. G., and Schwikowski, M.: Optimized method for black carbon analysis in ice and snow using the Single Particle Soot Photometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2667–2681, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2667-2014, 2014.
Wiedinmyer, C., Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Emmons, L. K., Al-Saadi, J. A., Orlando, J. J., and Soja, A. J.: The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 625–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-625-2011, 2011.
Whitlow, S., Mayewski, P., Dibb, J., Holdsworth, G., and Twickler, M.: An
ice-core-based record of biomass burning in the Arctic and sub-Arctic,
1750–1980, Tellus B, 46,
234–242, 1994.
Yalcin, K., Wake, C. R., Kreutz, K. J., and Whitlow, S. I.: A 1000-yr record
of forest fire activity from Eclipse Icefield, Yukon, Canada, Holocene,
16, 200–209, 2006.
Zennaro, P., Kehrwald, N., McConnell, J. R., Schüpbach, S., Maselli, O. J., Marlon, J., Vallelonga, P., Leuenberger, D., Zangrando, R., Spolaor, A., Borrotti, M., Barbaro, E., Gambaro, A., and Barbante, C.: Fire in ice: two millennia of boreal forest fire history from the Greenland NEEM ice core, Clim. Past, 10, 1905–1924, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1905-2014, 2014.
Zhang, K., O'Donnell, D., Kazil, J., Stier, P., Kinne, S., Lohmann, U., Ferrachat, S., Croft, B., Quaas, J., Wan, H., Rast, S., and Feichter, J.: The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM, version 2: sensitivity to improvements in process representations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8911–8949, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8911-2012, 2012.
Zhou, J., Tie, X., Xu, B., Zhao, S., Wang, M., Li, G., Zhang, T., Zhao, Z., Liu, S., Yang, S., Chang, L., and Cao, J.: Black carbon (BC) in a northern Tibetan mountain: effect of Kuwait fires on glaciers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13673–13685, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13673-2018, 2018.
Short summary
In this interdisciplinary case study, we were able to link biomass burning emissions from the June 2017 wildfires in Portugal to their deposition in the snowpack at Jungfraujoch, Swiss Alps. We analysed black carbon and charcoal in the snowpack, calculated backward trajectories, and monitored the fire evolution by remote sensing. Such case studies help to understand the representativity of biomass burning records in ice cores and how biomass burning tracers are archived in the snowpack.
In this interdisciplinary case study, we were able to link biomass burning emissions from the...
