Articles | Volume 10, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-825-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-825-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Apr 2016
Research article |
| 15 Apr 2016
Potential genesis and implications of calcium nitrate in Antarctic snow
Kanthanathan Mahalinganathan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India
Meloth Thamban
National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India
Related authors
Mahalinganathan Kanthanathan, Thamban Meloth, Tariq Ejaz, Bhikaji L. Redkar, and Laluraj C. Madhavanpillai
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-77, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-77, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss the factors influencing spatial variations of stable water isotopes and snow accumulation from two different sectors – the central Dronning Maud Land and the Princess Elizabeth Land, that are ~ 2000 km apart in East Antarctica using data from short snow cores. Also, we calculated the amount of diffusion in the isotope signals (amplitude) over time from a firn core. Finally, we used back-trajectories to ascertain the moisture source regions during summer and winter periods.
Mahalinganathan Kanthanathan, Thamban Meloth, Tariq Ejaz, Bhikaji L. Redkar, and Laluraj C. Madhavanpillai
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-77, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-77, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss the factors influencing spatial variations of stable water isotopes and snow accumulation from two different sectors – the central Dronning Maud Land and the Princess Elizabeth Land, that are ~ 2000 km apart in East Antarctica using data from short snow cores. Also, we calculated the amount of diffusion in the isotope signals (amplitude) over time from a firn core. Finally, we used back-trajectories to ascertain the moisture source regions during summer and winter periods.
Related subject area
Snow Chemistry
Brief communication: Tritium concentration and age of firn accumulation in an ice cave of Mount Olympus (Greece)
200-year ice core bromine reconstruction at Dome C (Antarctica): observational and modelling results
Impacts of post-depositional processing on nitrate isotopes in the snow and the overlying atmosphere at Summit, Greenland
Temporal variation of bacterial community and nutrients in Tibetan glacier snowpack
Impacts of the photo-driven post-depositional processing on snow nitrate and its isotopes at Summit, Greenland: a model-based study
Brief communication: Spatial and temporal variations in surface snow chemistry along a traverse from coastal East Antarctica to the ice sheet summit (Dome A)
Brief communication: An alternative method for estimating the scavenging efficiency of black carbon by meltwater over sea ice
Quantifying the light absorption and source attribution of insoluble light-absorbing particles on Tibetan Plateau glaciers between 2013 and 2015
Mercury in the Arctic tundra snowpack: temporal and spatial concentration patterns and trace gas exchanges
Variability of sea salts in ice and firn cores from Fimbul Ice Shelf, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Three-year monitoring of stable isotopes of precipitation at Concordia Station, East Antarctica
Spatial–temporal dynamics of chemical composition of surface snow in East Antarctica along the Progress station–Vostok station transect
Relation between surface topography and sea-salt snow chemistry from Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica
Georgios Lazaridis, Konstantinos Stamoulis, Despoina Dora, Iraklis Kalogeropoulos, and Konstantinos P. Trimmis
The Cryosphere, 17, 883–887, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Christaki Pothole is located at 2350 m in Mount Olympus, the highest mountain of Greece, over the permanent snow line for Greek latitude. The eruption of the tritium content in the water cycle resulting from the nuclear tests of the 1950s and 1960s allows the dating of firn samples from the ice cave. The nuclear era was not detected in ice from the Olympic cave and the basic reason is considered to be the ice-melting rate.
François Burgay, Rafael Pedro Fernández, Delia Segato, Clara Turetta, Christopher S. Blaszczak-Boxe, Rachael H. Rhodes, Claudio Scarchilli, Virginia Ciardini, Carlo Barbante, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, and Andrea Spolaor
The Cryosphere, 17, 391–405, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-391-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-391-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the first ice-core record of bromine (Br) in the Antarctic plateau. By the observation of the ice core and the application of atmospheric chemical models, we investigate the behaviour of bromine after its deposition into the snowpack, with interest in the effect of UV radiation change connected to the formation of the ozone hole, the role of volcanic deposition, and the possible use of Br to reconstruct past sea ice changes from ice core collect in the inner Antarctic plateau.
Zhuang Jiang, Joel Savarino, Becky Alexander, Joseph Erbland, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, and Lei Geng
The Cryosphere, 16, 2709–2724, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A record of year-round atmospheric nitrate isotopic composition along with snow nitrate isotopic data from Summit, Greenland, revealed apparent enrichments in nitrogen isotopes in snow nitrate compared to atmospheric nitrate, in addition to a relatively smaller degree of changes in oxygen isotopes. The results suggest that at this site post-depositional processing takes effect, which should be taken into account when interpreting ice-core nitrate isotope records.
Yuying Chen, Keshao Liu, Yongqin Liu, Trista J. Vick-Majors, Feng Wang, and Mukan Ji
The Cryosphere, 16, 1265–1280, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1265-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1265-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the bacterial communities in surface and subsurface snow samples in a Tibetan Plateau glacier using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Our results revealed rapid temporal changes in nitrogen (including nitrate and ammonium) and bacterial communities in both surface and subsurface snow. These findings advance our understanding of bacterial community variations and bacterial interactions after snow deposition and provide a possible biological explanation for nitrogen dynamics in snow.
Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, and Lei Geng
The Cryosphere, 15, 4207–4220, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used a snow photochemistry model (TRANSITS) to simulate the seasonal nitrate snow profile at Summit, Greenland. Comparisons between model outputs and observations suggest that at Summit post-depositional processing is active and probably dominates the snowpack δ15N seasonality. We also used the model to assess the degree of snow nitrate loss and the consequences in its isotopes at present and in the past, which helps for quantitative interpretations of ice-core nitrate records.
Guitao Shi, Hongmei Ma, Zhengyi Hu, Zhenlou Chen, Chunlei An, Su Jiang, Yuansheng Li, Tianming Ma, Jinhai Yu, Danhe Wang, Siyu Lu, Bo Sun, and Meredith G. Hastings
The Cryosphere, 15, 1087–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1087-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1087-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is important to understand atmospheric chemistry over Antarctica under a changing climate. Thus snow collected on a traverse from the coast to Dome A was used to investigate variations in snow chemistry. The non-sea-salt fractions of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ are associated with terrestrial inputs, and nssCl− is from HCl. In general, proportions of non-sea-salt fractions of ions to the totals are higher in the interior areas than on the coast, and the proportions are higher in summer than in winter.
Tingfeng Dou, Zhiheng Du, Shutong Li, Yulan Zhang, Qi Zhang, Mingju Hao, Chuanjin Li, Biao Tian, Minghu Ding, and Cunde Xiao
The Cryosphere, 13, 3309–3316, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3309-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3309-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The meltwater scavenging coefficient (MSC) determines the BC enrichment in the surface layer of melting snow and therefore modulates the BC-snow-albedo feedbacks. This study presents a new method for MSC estimation over the sea-ice area in Arctic. Using this new method, we analyze the spatial variability of MSC in the western Arctic and demonstrate that the value in Canada Basin (23.6 % ± 2.1 %) ≈ that in Greenland (23.0 % ± 12.5 %) > that in Chukchi Sea (17.9 % ± 5.0 %) > that in Elson Lagoon (14.5 % ± 2.6 %).
Xin Wang, Hailun Wei, Jun Liu, Baiqing Xu, Mo Wang, Mingxia Ji, and Hongchun Jin
The Cryosphere, 13, 309–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-309-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-309-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A large survey on measuring optical and chemical properties of insoluble light-absorbing impurities (ILAPs) from seven glaciers was conducted on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during 2013–2015. The results indicated that the mixing ratios of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and iron (Fe) all showed a tendency to decrease from north to south, and the industrial pollution (33.1 %), biomass and biofuel burning (29.4 %), and soil dust (37.5 %) were the major sources of the ILAPs on the TP.
Yannick Agnan, Thomas A. Douglas, Detlev Helmig, Jacques Hueber, and Daniel Obrist
The Cryosphere, 12, 1939–1956, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1939-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1939-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated mercury dynamics in an interior arctic tundra at Toolik Field Station (200 km from the Arctic Ocean) during two full snow seasons. We continuously measured atmospheric, snow gas phase, and soil pores mercury concentrations. We observed consistent concentration declines from the atmosphere to snowpack to soils, indicating that soils are continuous sinks of mercury. We suggest that interior arctic snowpacks may be negligible sources of mercury.
Carmen Paulina Vega, Elisabeth Isaksson, Elisabeth Schlosser, Dmitry Divine, Tõnu Martma, Robert Mulvaney, Anja Eichler, and Margit Schwikowski-Gigar
The Cryosphere, 12, 1681–1697, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1681-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1681-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Ions were measured in firn and ice cores from Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to evaluate sea-salt loads. A significant sixfold increase in sea salts was found in the S100 core after 1950s which suggests that it contains a more local sea-salt signal, dominated by processes during sea-ice formation in the neighbouring waters. In contrast, firn cores from three ice rises register the larger-scale signal of atmospheric flow conditions and transport of sea-salt aerosols produced over open water.
Barbara Stenni, Claudio Scarchilli, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Elisabeth Schlosser, Virginia Ciardini, Giuliano Dreossi, Paolo Grigioni, Mattia Bonazza, Anselmo Cagnati, Daniele Karlicek, Camille Risi, Roberto Udisti, and Mauro Valt
The Cryosphere, 10, 2415–2428, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2415-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2415-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we focus on the Concordia Station, central East Antarctic plateau, providing a multi-year record (2008–2010) of daily precipitation types identified from crystal morphologies, precipitation amounts and isotopic composition. Relationships between local meteorological data and precipitation oxygen isotope composition are investigated. Our dataset is available for in-depth model evaluation at the synoptic scale.
T. V. Khodzher, L. P. Golobokova, E. Yu. Osipov, Yu. A. Shibaev, V. Ya. Lipenkov, O. P. Osipova, and J. R. Petit
The Cryosphere, 8, 931–939, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-931-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-931-2014, 2014
K. Mahalinganathan, M. Thamban, C. M. Laluraj, and B. L. Redkar
The Cryosphere, 6, 505–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-505-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-505-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Al-Abadleh, H. A., Krueger, B. J., Ross, J. L., and Grassian, V. H.: Phase transitions in calcium nitrate thin films, Chem. Commun., 22, 2796–2797, https://doi.org/10.1039/B308632A, 2003.
Albani, S., Mahowald, N. M., Delmonte, B., Maggi, V., and Winckler, G.: Comparing modeled and observed changes in mineral dust transport and deposition to Antarctica between the Last Glacial Maximum and current climates, Clim. Dynam., 38, 1731–1755, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1139-5, 2012.
Antony, R., Thamban, M., Krishnan, K. P., and Mahalinganathan, K.: Is cloud seeding in coastal Antarctica linked to bromine and nitrate variability in snow?, Environ. Res. Lett., 5, 014009, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014009, 2010.
Basile-Doelsch, I., Grousset, F. E., Revel, M., Petit, J. R., Biscaye, P. E., and Barkov, N. I.: Patagonian origin of glacial dust deposited in East Antarctica (Vostok and Dome C) during glacial stages 2, 4 and 6, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 146, 573–589, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00255-5, 1997.
Berhanu, T. A., Savarino, J., Erbland, J., Vicars, W. C., Preunkert, S., Martins, J. F., and Johnson, M. S.: Isotopic effects of nitrate photochemistry in snow: a field study at Dome C, Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11243–11256, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11243-2015, 2015.
Bertler, N., Mayewski, P. A., Aristarain, A., Barrett, P., Becagli, S., Bernardo, R., Bo, S., Xiao, C., Curran, M., Qin, D., Dixon, D. A., Ferron, F., Fischer, H., Frey, M., Frezzotti, M., Fundel, F., Genthon, C., Gragnani, R., Hamilton, G. S., Handley, M., Hong, S., Isaksson, E., Kang, J., Ren, J., Kamiyama, K., Kanamori, S., Kärkäs, E., Karlöf, L., Kaspari, S., Kreutz, K., Kurbatov, A., Meyerson, E., Ming, Y., Zhang, M., Motoyama, H., Mulvaney, R., Oerter, H., Osterberg, E., Proposito, M., Pyne, A., Ruth, U., Simões, J., Smith, B., Sneed, S., Teinilä, K., Traufetter, F., Udisti, R., Virkkula, A., Watanabe, O., Williamson, B., Winther, J.-G., Li, Y., Wolff, E. W., Li, Z., and Zielinski, A.: Snow chemistry across Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 41, 167–179, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813320, 2005.
Bory, A., Wolff, E. W., Mulvaney, R., Jagoutz, E., Wegner, A., Ruth, U., and Elderfield, H.: Multiple sources supply eolian mineral dust to the Atlantic sector of coastal Antarctica: evidence from recent snow layers at the top of Berkner Island ice sheet, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 291, 138–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.006, 2010.
Boutron, C. and Martin, S.: Sources of twelve trace metals in Antarctic snows determined by principal component analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 85, 5631–5638, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC085iC10p05631, 1980.
Brasseur, G. and Solomon, S.: Composition and chemistry, in: Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere, Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library, Springer, the Netherlands, 1986.
Burkhart, J. F., Hutterli, M., Bales, R. C., and McConnell, J. R.: Seasonal accumulation timing and preservation of nitrate in firn at Summit, Greenland, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D19302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004658, 2004.
Coronato, F. R.: Wind chill factor applied to Patagonian climatology, Int. J. Biometeorol., 37, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01212759, 1993.
Dahe, Q., Zeller, E. J., and Dreschhoff, G. A. M.: The distribution of nitrate content in the surface snow of the Antarctic Ice Sheet along the route of the 1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6277–6284, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JA00142, 1992.
Davis, D. D., Seeling, J., Huey, G., Crawford, J., Chen, G., Wang, Y., Buhr, M., Helmig, D., Neff, W., Blake, D., Arimoto, R., and Eisele, F.: A reassessment of Antarctic plateau reactive nitrogen based on {ANTCI} 2003 airborne and ground based measurements, Atmos. Environ., 42, 2831–2848, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.039, 2008.
Delmonte, B., Basile-Doelsch, I., Petit, J.-R., Maggi, V., Revel-Rolland, M., Michard, A., Jagoutz, E., and Grousset, F.: Comparing the Epica and Vostok dust records during the last 220,000 years: stratigraphical correlation and provenance in glacial periods, Earth-Sci. Rev., 66, 63–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.10.004, 2004.
Dieckmann, G. S., Nehrke, G., Papadimitriou, S., Göttlicher, J., Steininger, R., Kennedy, H., Wolf-Gladrow, D., and Thomas, D. N.: Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033540, 2008.
Dixon, D. A., Mayewski, P. A., Goodwin, I. D., Marshall, G. J., Freeman, R., Maasch, K. A., and Sneed, S. B.: An ice-core proxy for northerly air mass incursions into West Antarctica, Int. J. Climatol., 32, 1455–1465, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2371, 2012.
Draxler, R. and Rolph, G.: HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) Model access via NOAA ARL READY Website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php), NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, available at: http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT_ash.php (last access: April 2015), 2014.
Erbland, J., Vicars, W. C., Savarino, J., Morin, S., Frey, M. M., Frosini, D., Vince, E., and Martins, J. M. F.: Air–snow transfer of nitrate on the East Antarctic Plateau – Part 1: Isotopic evidence for a photolytically driven dynamic equilibrium in summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 6403–6419, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6403-2013, 2013.
Erbland. J., Savarino, J., Morin, S., France, J. L., Frey, M. M., and King, M. D.: Air–snow transfer of nitrate on the East Antarctic Plateau – Part 2: An isotopic model for the interpretation of deep ice-core records, 15, 12079–12113, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12079-2015, 2015.
Fairlie, T. D., Jacob, D. J., Dibb, J. E., Alexander, B., Avery, M. A., van Donkelaar, A., and Zhang, L.: Impact of mineral dust on nitrate, sulfate, and ozone in transpacific Asian pollution plumes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3999–4012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-3999-2010, 2010.
Gaiero, D. M.: Dust provenance in Antarctic ice during glacial periods: from where in southern South America?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L17707, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030520, 2007.
Gaiero, D. M., Simonella, L., Gassó, S., Gili, S., Stein, A. F., Sosa, P., Becchio, R., Arce, J., and Marelli, H.: Ground/satellite observations and atmospheric modeling of dust storms originating in the high Puna-Altiplano deserts (South America): implications for the interpretation of paleoclimatic archives, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 3817–3831, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50036, 2013.
Gassó, S., Stein, A., Marino, F., Castellano, E., Udisti, R., and Ceratto, J.: A combined observational and modeling approach to study modern dust transport from the Patagonia desert to East Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8287–8303, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8287-2010, 2010.
Gibson, E. R., Hudson, P. K., and Grassian, V. H.: Physicochemical properties of nitrate aerosols: Implications for the atmosphere, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 11785–11799, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp063821k, 2006.
Goodman, A. L., Underwood, G. M., and Grassian, V. H.: A laboratory study of the heterogeneous reaction of nitric acid on calcium carbonate particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 29053–29064, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900396, 2000.
Iizuka, Y., Takata, M., Hondoh, T., and Fujii, Y.: High-time-resolution profiles of soluble ions in the last glacial period of a Dome Fuji (Antarctica) deep ice core, 39, 452–456, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814302, 2004.
Iriondo, M.: Quaternary lakes of Argentina, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 70, 81–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(89)90081-3, 1989.
Iriondo, M.: Patagonian dust in Antarctica, Quaternary Int., 68–71, 83–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00035-5, 2000.
Jordan, C. E., Dibb, J. E., Anderson, B. E., and Fuelberg, H. E.: Uptake of nitrate and sulfate on dust aerosols during TRACE-P, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8817, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003101, 2003.
Krueger, B. J., Grassian, V. H., Laskin, A., and Cowin, J. P.: The transformation of solid atmospheric particles into liquid droplets through heterogeneous chemistry: laboratory insights into the processing of calcium containing mineral dust aerosol in the troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016563, 2003.
Krueger, B. J., Grassian, V. H., Cowin, J. P., and Laskin, A.: Heterogeneous chemistry of individual mineral dust particles from different dust source regions: the importance of particle mineralogy, Atmos. Environ., 38, 6253–6261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.07.010, 2004.
Lambert, F., Delmonte, B., Petit, J. R., Bigler, M., Kaufmann, P. R., Hutterli, M. A., Stocker, T. F., Ruth, U., Steffensen, J. P., and Maggi, V.: Dust-climate couplings over the past 800,000 years from the EPICA Dome C ice core, Nature, 452, 616–619, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06763, 2008.
Laskin, A., Wietsma, T. W., Krueger, B. J., and Grassian, V. H.: Heterogeneous chemistry of individual mineral dust particles with nitric acid: a combined CCSEM/EDX, ESEM, and ICP-MS study, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005206, 2005.
Lee, H.-M., Henze, D. K., Alexander, B., and Murray, L. T.: Investigating the sensitivity of surface-level nitrate seasonality in Antarctica to primary sources using a global model, Atmos. Environ., 89, 757–767, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.003, 2014.
Legrand, M. R. and Delmas, R. J.: Relative contributions of tropospheric and stratospheric sources to nitrate in Antarctic snow, Tellus B, 38, 236–249, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.1986.tb00190.x, 1986.
Legrand, M. R. and Mayewski, P. A.: Glaciochemistry of polar ice cores: a review, Rev. Geophys., 35, 219–243, https://doi.org/10.1029/96RG03527, 1997.
Legrand, M. R., Wolff, E. W., and Wagenbach, D.: Antarctic aerosol and snowfall chemistry: Implications for deep Antarctic ice-core chemistry, Ann. Glaciol., 29, 66–72, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821094, 1999.
Li, F., Ginoux, P., and Ramaswamy, V.: Distribution, transport, and deposition of mineral dust in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica: contribution of major sources, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009190, 2008.
Li, F., Ginoux, P., and Ramaswamy, V.: Transport of Patagonian dust to Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D18217, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012356, 2010.
Lunt, D. J. and Valdes, P. J.: Dust transport to Dome C, Antarctica, at the Last Glacial Maximum and present day, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 295–298, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012170, 2001.
Mahalinganathan, K., Thamban, M., Laluraj, C. M., and Redkar, B. L.: Relation between surface topography and sea-salt snow chemistry from Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 6, 505–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-505-2012, 2012.
Mahowald, N. M., Albani, S., Kok, J. F., Engelstaeder, S., Scanza, R., Ward, D. S., and Flanner, M. G.: The size distribution of desert dust aerosols and its impact on the Earth system, Aeolian Res., 15, 53–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2013.09.002, 2013.
Michalski, G., Bockheim, J. G., Kendall, C., and Thiemens, M.: Isotopic composition of Antarctic Dry Valley nitrate: implications for NOy sources and cycling in Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13817, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022121, 2005.
Mogili, P. K., Kleiber, P. D., Young, M. A., and Grassian, V. H.: Heterogeneous uptake of ozone on reactive components of mineral dust aerosol: an environmental aerosol reaction chamber study, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 13799–13807, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp063620g, 2006.
Nousiainen, T. and Kandler, K.: Light scattering by atmospheric mineral dust particles, in: Light Scattering Reviews 9, edited by: Kokhanovsky, A. A., Springer Praxis Books, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 3–52, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37985-7_1, 2015.
Pye, K.: Chapter six – Grain size, mineralogy and chemical composition of aeolian dust, in: Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits, edited by: Pye, K., Academic Press Inc. Ltd, London, 118–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-568690-7.50010-7, 1987.
Revel-Rolland, M., De Deckker, P., Delmonte, B., Hesse, P. P., Magee, J. W., Basile-Doelsch, I., Grousset, F., and Bosch, D.: Eastern Australia: a possible source of dust in East Antarctica interglacial ice, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 249, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.06.028, 2006.
Röthlisberger, R., Hutterli, M. A., Sommer, S., Wolff, E. W., and Mulvaney, R.: Factors controlling nitrate in ice cores: evidence from the Dome C deep ice core, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20565–20572, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900264, 2000.
Röthlisberger, R., Hutterli, M. A., Wolff, E. W., Mulvaney, R., Fischer, H., Bigler, M., Goto-Azuma, K., Hansson, M. E., Ruth, U., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., and Steffensen, J. P.: Nitrate in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores: a detailed description of post-depositional processes, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 209–216, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817220, 2002a.
Röthlisberger, R., Mulvaney, R., Wolff, E. W., Hutterli, M. A., Bigler, M., Sommer, S., and Jouzel, J.: Dust and sea salt variability in central East Antarctica (Dome C) over the last 45 kyrs and its implications for southern high-latitude climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1963, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015186, 2002b.
Ruth, U., Barbante, C., Bigler, M., Delmonte, B., Fischer, H., Gabrielli, P., Gaspari, V., Kaufmann, P., Lambert, F., Maggi, V., Marino, F., Petit, J.-R., Udisti, R., Wagenbach, D., Wegner, A., and Wolff, E. W.: Proxies and measurement techniques for mineral dust in Antarctic ice cores, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 5675–5681, https://doi.org/10.1021/es703078z, 2008.
Savarino, J., Kaiser, J., Morin, S., Sigman, D. M., and Thiemens, M. H.: Nitrogen and oxygen isotopic constraints on the origin of atmospheric nitrate in coastal Antarctica, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1925–1945, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1925-2007, 2007.
Schüpbach, S., Federer, U., Kaufmann, P. R., Albani, S., Barbante, C., Stocker, T. F., and Fischer, H.: High-resolution mineral dust and sea ice proxy records from the Talos Dome ice core, Clim. Past, 9, 2789–2807, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2789-2013, 2013.
Shi, G., Buffen, A. M., Hastings, M. G., Li, C., Ma, H., Li, Y., Sun, B., An, C., and Jiang, S.: Investigation of post-depositional processing of nitrate in East Antarctic snow: isotopic constraints on photolytic loss, re-oxidation, and source inputs, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9435–9453, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9435-2015, 2015.
Sommer, S., Wagenbach, D., Mulvaney, R., and Fischer, H.: Glacio-chemical study spanning the past 2 kyr on three ice cores from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: 2. Seasonally resolved chemical records, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29423–29433, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900450, 2000.
Stenberg, M., Isaksson, E., Hansson, M., Karlén, W., Mayewski, P. A., Twickler, M. S., Whitlow, S. I., and Gundestrup, N.: Spatial variability of snow chemistry in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 27, 378–384, 1998.
Tegen, I. and Lacis, A. A.: Modeling of particle size distribution and its influence on the radiative properties of mineral dust aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19237–19244, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD03610, 1996.
Tegen, I., Hollrig, P., Chin, M., Fung, I., Jacob, D., and Penner, J.: Contribution of different aerosol species to the global aerosol extinction optical thickness: estimates from model results, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23895–23915, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01864, 1997.
Traversi, R., Udisti, R., Frosini, D., Becagli, S., Ciardini, V., Funke, B., Lanconelli, C., Petkov, B., Scarchilli, C., Severi, M., and Vitale, V.: Insights on nitrate sources at Dome C (East Antarctic Plateau) from multi-year aerosol and snow records, Tellus B, 66, 22550, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.22550, 2014.
Udisti, R., Becagli, S., Benassai, S., Castellano, E., Fattori, I., Innocenti, M., and Migliori, A., and Traversi, R.: Atmosphere–snow interaction by a comparison between aerosol and uppermost snow-layers composition at Dome C, East Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 39, 53–61, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814474, 2004.
Usher, C. R., Michel, A. E., and Grassian, V. H.: Reactions on mineral dust, Chem. Rev., 103, 4883–4939, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020657y, 2003.
Wagenbach, D., Legrand, M. R., Fischer, H., Pichlmayer, F., and Wolff, E. W.: Atmospheric near-surface nitrate at coastal Antarctic sites, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 11007–11020, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD03364, 1998.
Wagnon, P., Delmas, R. J., and Legrand, M. R.: Loss of volatile acid species from upper firn layers at Vostok, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3423–3431, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD02855, 1999.
Weller, R.: Postdepositional losses of methane sulfonate, nitrate, and chloride at the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica deep-drilling site in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D07301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004189, 2004.
Weller, R., Jones, A. E., Wille, A., Jacobi, H.-W., McIntyre, H. P., Sturges, W. T., Huke, M., and Wagenbach, D.: Seasonality of reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) at Neumayer Station, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4673, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002495, 2002.
Weller, R., Wagenbach, D., Legrand, M. R., Elsässer, C., Tian-Kunze, X., and König-Langlo, G.: Continuous 25-yr aerosol records at coastal Antarctica – I: inter-annual variability of ionic compounds and links to climate indices, Tellus B, 63, 901–919, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00542.x, 2011.
Wolff, E. W.: Nitrate in Polar Ice, in: Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 30 of NATO ASI Series, edited by: Delmas, R., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 195–224, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51172-1_10, 1995.
Wolff, E. W.: Ice sheets and nitrogen, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 368, 20130127, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0127, 2013.
Zárate, M. A.: Loess of southern South America, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 1987–2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00165-3, 2003.
Short summary
Our results show a strong association between calcium and nitrate ions in snow from two different regions that are > 2000 km apart in East Antarctica. Such association could have formed during the interaction between long-range transported dust with the atmospheric nitrate. This study also implies that apart from other well-known sources of nitrate in Antarctica, nitrate associated with mineral dust could form a significant portion of total nitrate deposited in Antarctic snow.
Our results show a strong association between calcium and nitrate ions in snow from two...
