Articles | Volume 8, issue 3 
            
                
                    
                    
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-931-2014
                    © Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-931-2014
                    © Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Spatial–temporal dynamics of chemical composition of surface snow in East Antarctica along the Progress station–Vostok station transect
T. V. Khodzher
                                            Limnological Institute SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
                                        
                                    L. P. Golobokova
                                            Limnological Institute SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
                                        
                                    E. Yu. Osipov
                                            Limnological Institute SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
                                        
                                    Yu. A. Shibaev
                                            Arctic Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
                                        
                                    V. Ya. Lipenkov
                                            Arctic Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
                                        
                                    O. P. Osipova
                                            V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia
                                        
                                    J. R. Petit
                                            Laboratory of Glaciology and Environmental Geophysics, Grenoble, France
                                        
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Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, and Alexey A. Ekaykin
                                    Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, 2023
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                                                The concentration of sodium and sulfate measured in Antarctic ice cores is related to changes in both sea ice and winds. Here we have compiled a database of sodium and sulfate records from 105 ice core sites in Antarctica. The records span all, or part, of the past 2000 years. The records will improve our understanding of how winds and sea ice have changed in the past and how they have influenced the climate of Antarctica over the past 2000 years.
                                            
                                            
                                        S. M. Sakerin, A. A. Bobrikov, O. A. Bukin, L. P. Golobokova, Vas. V. Pol'kin, Vik. V. Pol'kin, K. A. Shmirko, D. M. Kabanov, T. V. Khodzher, N. A. Onischuk, A. N. Pavlov, V. L. Potemkin, and V. F. Radionov
                                    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12413–12443, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12413-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12413-2015, 2015
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                                                We discuss the spatiotemporal variations in aerosol characteristics, measured along the Northern Sea Route in RV Akademik Fedorov and RV Professor Khljustin cruises. The variability ranges of the average aerosol parameters in separate seas and regions were from 2.5 to 24cm-3 for number concentration of particles; from 830 to 2970ngm-3 for aerosol mass concentrations; from 20 to 150ngm-3 for black carbon mass concentrations; and from 0.03 to 0.19 for aerosol optical depth (0.5um).
                                            
                                            
                                        E. Y. Osipov, T. V. Khodzher, L. P. Golobokova, N. A. Onischuk, V. Y. Lipenkov, A. A. Ekaykin, Y. A. Shibaev, and O. P. Osipova
                                    The Cryosphere, 8, 843–851, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-843-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-843-2014, 2014
                            Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, and Alexey A. Ekaykin
                                    Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, 2023
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                                                The concentration of sodium and sulfate measured in Antarctic ice cores is related to changes in both sea ice and winds. Here we have compiled a database of sodium and sulfate records from 105 ice core sites in Antarctica. The records span all, or part, of the past 2000 years. The records will improve our understanding of how winds and sea ice have changed in the past and how they have influenced the climate of Antarctica over the past 2000 years.
                                            
                                            
                                        Grant M. Raisbeck, Alexandre Cauquoin, Jean Jouzel, Amaelle Landais, Jean-Robert Petit, Vladimir Y. Lipenkov, Juerg Beer, Hans-Arno Synal, Hans Oerter, Sigfus J. Johnsen, Jorgen P. Steffensen, Anders Svensson, and Françoise Yiou
                                    Clim. Past, 13, 217–229, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-217-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-217-2017, 2017
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                                                Using records of a long-lived radioactive nuclide (10Be) that is formed globally in the atmosphere and deposited within a few years to the earth’s surface, we have synchronized three Antarctic ice cores to one from Greenland. This permits the climate and other environmental parameters registered in these ice cores to be put on a common timescale with a precision of a few decades, thus allowing different models and mechanisms associated with these parameters to be tested with the same precision.
                                            
                                            
                                        S. M. Sakerin, A. A. Bobrikov, O. A. Bukin, L. P. Golobokova, Vas. V. Pol'kin, Vik. V. Pol'kin, K. A. Shmirko, D. M. Kabanov, T. V. Khodzher, N. A. Onischuk, A. N. Pavlov, V. L. Potemkin, and V. F. Radionov
                                    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12413–12443, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12413-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12413-2015, 2015
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                                                We discuss the spatiotemporal variations in aerosol characteristics, measured along the Northern Sea Route in RV Akademik Fedorov and RV Professor Khljustin cruises. The variability ranges of the average aerosol parameters in separate seas and regions were from 2.5 to 24cm-3 for number concentration of particles; from 830 to 2970ngm-3 for aerosol mass concentrations; from 20 to 150ngm-3 for black carbon mass concentrations; and from 0.03 to 0.19 for aerosol optical depth (0.5um).
                                            
                                            
                                        J.-L. Tison, M. de Angelis, G. Littot, E. Wolff, H. Fischer, M. Hansson, M. Bigler, R. Udisti, A. Wegner, J. Jouzel, B. Stenni, S. Johnsen, V. Masson-Delmotte, A. Landais, V. Lipenkov, L. Loulergue, J.-M. Barnola, J.-R. Petit, B. Delmonte, G. Dreyfus, D. Dahl-Jensen, G. Durand, B. Bereiter, A. Schilt, R. Spahni, K. Pol, R. Lorrain, R. Souchez, and D. Samyn
                                    The Cryosphere, 9, 1633–1648, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1633-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1633-2015, 2015
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                                                The oldest paleoclimatic information is buried within the lowermost layers of deep ice cores. It is therefore essential to judge how deep these records remain unaltered. We study the bottom 60 meters of the EPICA Dome C ice core from central Antarctica to show that the paleoclimatic signal is only affected at the small scale (decimeters) in terms of some of the global ice properties. However our data suggest that the time scale has been considerably distorted by mechanical stretching.
                                            
                                            
                                        E. Y. Osipov, T. V. Khodzher, L. P. Golobokova, N. A. Onischuk, V. Y. Lipenkov, A. A. Ekaykin, Y. A. Shibaev, and O. P. Osipova
                                    The Cryosphere, 8, 843–851, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-843-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-843-2014, 2014
                            M. Legrand, S. Preunkert, B. Jourdain, J. Guilhermet, X. Fa{ï}n, I. Alekhina, and J. R. Petit
                                    Clim. Past, 9, 2195–2211, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2195-2013, 2013
                            Related subject area
            Snow Chemistry
            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                     
                                Brief communication: Tritium concentration and age of firn accumulation in an ice cave of Mount Olympus (Greece)
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                     
                                200-year ice core bromine reconstruction at Dome C (Antarctica): observational and modelling results
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                     
                                Impacts of post-depositional processing on nitrate isotopes in the snow and the overlying atmosphere at Summit, Greenland
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                     
                                Temporal variation of bacterial community and nutrients in Tibetan glacier snowpack
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                     
                                Impacts of the photo-driven post-depositional processing on snow nitrate and its isotopes at Summit, Greenland: a model-based study
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                     
                                Brief communication: Spatial and temporal variations in surface snow chemistry along a traverse from coastal East Antarctica to the ice sheet summit (Dome A)
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                     
                                Brief communication: An alternative method for estimating the scavenging efficiency of black carbon by meltwater over sea ice
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                     
                                Quantifying the light absorption and source attribution of insoluble light-absorbing particles on Tibetan Plateau glaciers between 2013 and 2015
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                     
                                Mercury in the Arctic tundra snowpack: temporal and spatial concentration patterns and trace gas exchanges
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                     
                                Variability of sea salts in ice and firn cores from Fimbul Ice Shelf, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                            
                                     
                                Three-year monitoring of stable isotopes of precipitation at Concordia Station, East Antarctica
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                            
                                     
                                Potential genesis and implications of calcium nitrate in Antarctic snow
                                
                                        
                                            
                                    
                            
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
                        
                            
                            
                            
                                     
                                Relation between surface topography and sea-salt snow chemistry from Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica
                                
                            
                            
                        
                    
                    
            
        
        Georgios Lazaridis, Konstantinos Stamoulis, Despoina Dora, Iraklis Kalogeropoulos, and Konstantinos P. Trimmis
                                    The Cryosphere, 17, 883–887, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-883-2023, 2023
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                                                Christaki Pothole is located at 2350 m in Mount Olympus, the highest mountain of Greece, over the permanent snow line for Greek latitude. The eruption of the tritium content in the water cycle resulting from the nuclear tests of the 1950s and 1960s allows the dating of firn samples from the ice cave. The nuclear era was not detected in ice from the Olympic cave and the basic reason is considered to be the ice-melting rate.
                                            
                                            
                                        François Burgay, Rafael Pedro Fernández, Delia Segato, Clara Turetta, Christopher S. Blaszczak-Boxe, Rachael H. Rhodes, Claudio Scarchilli, Virginia Ciardini, Carlo Barbante, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, and Andrea Spolaor
                                    The Cryosphere, 17, 391–405, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-391-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-391-2023, 2023
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                                                The paper presents the first ice-core record of bromine (Br) in the Antarctic plateau. By the observation of the ice core and the application of atmospheric chemical models, we investigate the behaviour of bromine after its deposition into the snowpack, with interest in the effect of UV radiation change connected to the formation of the ozone hole, the role of volcanic deposition, and the possible use of Br to reconstruct past sea ice changes from ice core collect in the inner Antarctic plateau.
                                            
                                            
                                        Zhuang Jiang, Joel Savarino, Becky Alexander, Joseph Erbland, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, and Lei Geng
                                    The Cryosphere, 16, 2709–2724, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2709-2022, 2022
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                                                A record of year-round atmospheric nitrate isotopic composition along with snow nitrate isotopic data from Summit, Greenland, revealed apparent enrichments in nitrogen isotopes in snow nitrate compared to atmospheric nitrate, in addition to a relatively smaller degree of changes in oxygen isotopes. The results suggest that at this site post-depositional processing takes effect, which should be taken into account when interpreting ice-core nitrate isotope records.
                                            
                                            
                                        Yuying Chen, Keshao Liu, Yongqin Liu, Trista J. Vick-Majors, Feng Wang, and Mukan Ji
                                    The Cryosphere, 16, 1265–1280, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1265-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1265-2022, 2022
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                                                We investigated the bacterial communities in surface and subsurface snow samples in a Tibetan Plateau glacier using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Our results revealed rapid temporal changes in nitrogen (including nitrate and ammonium) and bacterial communities in both surface and subsurface snow. These findings advance our understanding of bacterial community variations and bacterial interactions after snow deposition and provide a possible biological explanation for nitrogen dynamics in snow.
                                            
                                            
                                        Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, and Lei Geng
                                    The Cryosphere, 15, 4207–4220, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4207-2021, 2021
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                                                We used a snow photochemistry model (TRANSITS) to simulate the seasonal nitrate snow profile at Summit, Greenland. Comparisons between model outputs and observations suggest that at Summit post-depositional processing is active and probably dominates the snowpack δ15N seasonality. We also used the model to assess the degree of snow nitrate loss and the consequences in its isotopes at present and in the past, which helps for quantitative interpretations of ice-core nitrate records.
                                            
                                            
                                        Guitao Shi, Hongmei Ma, Zhengyi Hu, Zhenlou Chen, Chunlei An, Su Jiang, Yuansheng Li, Tianming Ma, Jinhai Yu, Danhe Wang, Siyu Lu, Bo Sun, and Meredith G. Hastings
                                    The Cryosphere, 15, 1087–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1087-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1087-2021, 2021
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                                                It is important to understand atmospheric chemistry over Antarctica under a changing climate. Thus snow collected on a traverse from the coast to Dome A was used to investigate variations in snow chemistry. The non-sea-salt fractions of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ are associated with terrestrial inputs, and nssCl− is from HCl. In general, proportions of non-sea-salt fractions of ions to the totals are higher in the interior areas than on the coast, and the proportions are higher in summer than in winter.
                                            
                                            
                                        Tingfeng Dou, Zhiheng Du, Shutong Li, Yulan Zhang, Qi Zhang, Mingju Hao, Chuanjin Li, Biao Tian, Minghu Ding, and Cunde Xiao
                                    The Cryosphere, 13, 3309–3316, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3309-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3309-2019, 2019
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                                                The meltwater scavenging coefficient (MSC) determines the BC enrichment in the surface layer of melting snow and therefore modulates the BC-snow-albedo feedbacks. This study presents a new method for MSC estimation over the sea-ice area in Arctic. Using this new method, we analyze the spatial variability of MSC in the western Arctic and demonstrate that the value in Canada Basin (23.6 % ± 2.1 %) ≈ that in Greenland (23.0 % ± 12.5 %) > that in Chukchi Sea (17.9 % ± 5.0 %) > that in Elson Lagoon (14.5 % ± 2.6 %).
                                            
                                            
                                        Xin Wang, Hailun Wei, Jun Liu, Baiqing Xu, Mo Wang, Mingxia Ji, and Hongchun Jin
                                    The Cryosphere, 13, 309–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-309-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-309-2019, 2019
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                                                A large survey on measuring optical and chemical properties of insoluble light-absorbing impurities (ILAPs) from seven glaciers was conducted on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during 2013–2015. The results indicated that the mixing ratios of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and iron (Fe) all showed a tendency to decrease from north to south, and the industrial pollution (33.1 %), biomass and biofuel burning (29.4 %), and soil dust (37.5 %) were the major sources of the ILAPs on the TP.
                                            
                                            
                                        Yannick Agnan, Thomas A. Douglas, Detlev Helmig, Jacques Hueber, and Daniel Obrist
                                    The Cryosphere, 12, 1939–1956, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1939-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1939-2018, 2018
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                                                In this study, we investigated mercury dynamics in an interior arctic tundra at Toolik Field Station (200 km from the Arctic Ocean) during two full snow seasons. We continuously measured atmospheric, snow gas phase, and soil pores mercury concentrations. We observed consistent concentration declines from the atmosphere to snowpack to soils, indicating that soils are continuous sinks of mercury. We suggest that interior arctic snowpacks may be negligible sources of mercury.
                                            
                                            
                                        Carmen Paulina Vega, Elisabeth Isaksson, Elisabeth Schlosser, Dmitry Divine, Tõnu Martma, Robert Mulvaney, Anja Eichler, and Margit Schwikowski-Gigar
                                    The Cryosphere, 12, 1681–1697, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1681-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1681-2018, 2018
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                                                Ions were measured in firn and ice cores from Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to evaluate sea-salt loads. A significant sixfold increase in sea salts was found in the S100 core after 1950s which suggests that it contains a more local sea-salt signal, dominated by processes during sea-ice formation in the neighbouring waters. In contrast, firn cores from three ice rises register the larger-scale signal of atmospheric flow conditions and transport of sea-salt aerosols produced over open water.
                                            
                                            
                                        Barbara Stenni, Claudio Scarchilli, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Elisabeth Schlosser, Virginia Ciardini, Giuliano Dreossi, Paolo Grigioni, Mattia Bonazza, Anselmo Cagnati, Daniele Karlicek, Camille Risi, Roberto Udisti, and Mauro Valt
                                    The Cryosphere, 10, 2415–2428, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2415-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2415-2016, 2016
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                                                Here, we focus on the Concordia Station, central East Antarctic plateau, providing a multi-year record (2008–2010) of daily precipitation types identified from crystal morphologies, precipitation amounts and isotopic composition. Relationships between local meteorological data and precipitation oxygen isotope composition are investigated. Our dataset is available for in-depth model evaluation at the synoptic scale.
                                            
                                            
                                        Kanthanathan Mahalinganathan and Meloth Thamban
                                    The Cryosphere, 10, 825–836, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-825-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-825-2016, 2016
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                                                Our results show a strong association between calcium and nitrate ions in snow from two different regions that are > 2000 km apart in East Antarctica. Such association could have formed during the interaction between long-range transported dust with the atmospheric nitrate. This study also implies that apart from other well-known sources of nitrate in Antarctica, nitrate associated with mineral dust could form a significant portion of total nitrate deposited in Antarctic snow.
                                            
                                            
                                        K. Mahalinganathan, M. Thamban, C. M. Laluraj, and B. L. Redkar
                                    The Cryosphere, 6, 505–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-505-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-505-2012, 2012
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