The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 20, issue 7
Articles | Volume 20, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4157-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4157-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 20, issue 7
Research article
 | 
28 Jul 2026
Research article |  | 28 Jul 2026

Evaluation of representation of seasonally frozen ground characteristics in Land Surface Models: JSBACH and CLM

Mittal Parmar, Kristina Fröhlich, Antonella Sanna, Tobias Stacke, Marianna Benassi, Zhicheng Luo, Daniele Peano, and Bodo Ahrens

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Latest update: 09 Nov 2026
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Short summary
Seasonally frozen ground strongly influences land–atmosphere interactions, yet its simulation remains uncertain in land surface models. This study evaluates 2 standalone LSM simulations forced by reanalysis data (1986-2022) and validates results against reference observations at 26 Russian sites. Results show contrasting biases linked to snow insulation and freeze–thaw processes, highlighting the need for improved snow and soil parameterizations.
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