Articles | Volume 18, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3653-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3653-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Aug 2024
Research article |
| 19 Aug 2024
| 19 Aug 2024
Post-depositional modification on seasonal-to-interannual timescales alters the deuterium-excess signals in summer snow layers in Greenland
Earth and Space Research, Seattle, USA
Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Hans Christian Steen-Larsen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Sonja Wahl
Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Anne-Katrine Faber
Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Melanie Behrens
Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Research Unit Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany
Tyler R. Jones
Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
Arny Sveinbjornsdottir
Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
Related authors
No articles found.
Daniele Zannoni, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Harald Sodemann, Iris Thurnherr, Cyrille Flamant, Patrick Chazette, Julien Totems, Martin Werner, and Myriam Raybaut
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3394, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3394, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
High resolution airborne observations reveal that mixing between the free troposphere and surface evapotranspiration flux primarly modulates the water vapor isotopic composition in the lower troposphere. Water vapor isotopes structure variations occur on the scale of 100s of m, underlying the utility of stable isotopes for studying microscale atmospheric dynamics. This study also provides the basis for better validation of water vapor isotopes remote sensing retrievals with surface observations.
Sonja Wahl, Benjamin Walter, Franziska Aemisegger, Luca Bianchi, and Michael Lehning
The Cryosphere, 18, 4493–4515, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wind-driven airborne transport of snow is a frequent phenomenon in snow-covered regions and a process difficult to study in the field as it is unfolding over large distances. Thus, we use a ring wind tunnel with infinite fetch positioned in a cold laboratory to study the evolution of the shape and size of airborne snow. With the help of stable water isotope analyses, we identify the hitherto unobserved process of airborne snow metamorphism that leads to snow particle rounding and growth.
Benjamin Walter, Hagen Weigel, Sonja Wahl, and Henning Löwe
The Cryosphere, 18, 3633–3652, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3633-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3633-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The topmost layer of a snowpack forms the interface to the atmosphere and is critical for the reflectance of solar radiation and avalanche formation. The effect of wind on the surface snow microstructure during precipitation events is poorly understood and quantified. We performed controlled lab experiments in a ring wind tunnel to systematically quantify the snow microstructure for different wind speeds, temperatures and precipitation intensities and to identify the relevant processes.
Hans Christian Steen-Larsen and Daniele Zannoni
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4391–4409, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4391-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4391-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The water vapor generation module is completely scalable, allowing autonomous calibrations to use N standards and providing integration times only restricted by sample availability. We document improved reproducibility in 17O-excess liquid measurements. This module makes spectroscopy measurements comparable to mass spectrometry. We document that the vapor generation module can be used to analyze instrument performance and for vapor isotope calibration during field campaign measurements.
Rémi Dallmayr, Hannah Meyer, Vasileios Gkinis, Thomas Laepple, Melanie Behrens, Frank Wilhelms, and Maria Hörhold
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1807, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1807, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Statistical studies via extended arrays of vertical profiles have demonstrated improving the understanding of the formation, storage, and propagation of climatic signals in the snowpack. In order to cope with the large amount of analyzes needed, in this study we modify an analytical system (CFA) and analyze the resulting performances.
Chloe A. Brashear, Tyler R. Jones, Valerie Morris, Bruce H. Vaughn, William H. G. Roberts, William B. Skorski, Abigail G. Hughes, Richard Nunn, Sune Olander Rasmussen, Kurt M. Cuffey, Bo M. Vinther, Todd Sowers, Christo Buizert, Vasileios Gkinis, Christian Holme, Mari F. Jensen, Sofia E. Kjellman, Petra M. Langebroek, Florian Mekhaldi, Kevin S. Rozmiarek, Jonathan W. Rheinlænder, Margit Simon, Giulia Sinnl, Silje Smith-Johnsen, and James W. C. White
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1003, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1003, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a series of spectral techniques to quantify the strength of high-frequency climate variability in Northeastern Greenland to 50,000 ka before present. Importantly, we find that variability consistently decreases hundreds of years prior to Dansgaard-Oeschger warming events. Model simulations suggest a change in North Atlantic sea ice behavior contributed to this pattern, thus providing new information on the conditions which proceeded abrupt climate change during the Last Glacial Period.
Katrine A. Gorham, Sam Abernethy, Tyler R. Jones, Peter Hess, Natalie M. Mahowald, Daphne Meidan, Matthew S. Johnson, Maarten M. J. W. van Herpen, Yangyang Xu, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Thomas Röckmann, Chloe A. Brashear, Erika Reinhardt, and David Mann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 5659–5670, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5659-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5659-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid reduction in atmospheric methane is needed to slow the rate of global warming. Reducing anthropogenic methane emissions is a top priority. However, atmospheric methane is also impacted by rising natural emissions and changing sinks. Studies of possible atmospheric methane removal approaches, such as iron salt aerosols to increase the chlorine radical sink, benefit from a roadmapped approach to understand if there may be viable and socially acceptable ways to decrease future risk.
Alexandra M. Zuhr, Sonja Wahl, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Maria Hörhold, Hanno Meyer, Vasileios Gkinis, and Thomas Laepple
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1861–1874, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1861-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1861-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present stable water isotope data from the accumulation zone of the Greenland ice sheet. A spatial sampling scheme covering 39 m and three depth layers was carried out between 14 May and 3 August 2018. The data suggest spatial and temporal variability related to meteorological conditions, such as wind-driven snow redistribution and vapour–snow exchange processes. The data can be used to study the formation of the stable water isotopes signal, which is seen as a climate proxy.
Inès Ollivier, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Barbara Stenni, Laurent Arnaud, Mathieu Casado, Alexandre Cauquoin, Giuliano Dreossi, Christophe Genthon, Bénédicte Minster, Ghislain Picard, Martin Werner, and Amaëlle Landais
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-685, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-685, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The role of post-depositional processes taking place at the ice sheet's surface on the water stable isotope signal measured in polar ice cores is not fully understood. Using field observations and modelling results, we show that the original precipitation isotopic signal at Dome C, East Antarctica, is modified by post-depositional processes and provide the first quantitative estimation of their mean impact on the isotopic signal observed in the snow.
Qinggang Gao, Louise C. Sime, Alison J. McLaren, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Emilie Capron, Rachael H. Rhodes, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Xiaoxu Shi, and Martin Werner
The Cryosphere, 18, 683–703, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic precipitation is a crucial component of the climate system. Its spatio-temporal variability impacts sea level changes and the interpretation of water isotope measurements in ice cores. To better understand its climatic drivers, we developed water tracers in an atmospheric model to identify moisture source conditions from which precipitation originates. We find that mid-latitude surface winds exert an important control on moisture availability for Antarctic precipitation.
Laura J. Dietrich, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Sonja Wahl, Anne-Katrine Faber, and Xavier Fettweis
The Cryosphere, 18, 289–305, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-289-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-289-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The contribution of the humidity flux to the surface mass balance in the accumulation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet is uncertain. Here, we evaluate the regional climate model MAR using a multi-annual dataset of eddy covariance measurements and bulk estimates of the humidity flux. The humidity flux largely contributes to the summer surface mass balance (SMB) in the accumulation zone, indicating its potential importance for the annual SMB in a warming climate.
Tobias Erhardt, Camilla Marie Jensen, Florian Adolphi, Helle Astrid Kjær, Remi Dallmayr, Birthe Twarloh, Melanie Behrens, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Kaori Fukuda, Jun Ogata, François Burgay, Federico Scoto, Ilaria Crotti, Azzurra Spagnesi, Niccoló Maffezzoli, Delia Segato, Chiara Paleari, Florian Mekhaldi, Raimund Muscheler, Sophie Darfeuil, and Hubertus Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5079–5091, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5079-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5079-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The presented paper provides a 3.8 kyr long dataset of aerosol concentrations from the East Greenland Ice coring Project (EGRIP) ice core. The data consists of 1 mm depth-resolution profiles of calcium, sodium, ammonium, nitrate, and electrolytic conductivity as well as decadal averages of these profiles. Alongside the data a detailed description of the measurement setup as well as a discussion of the uncertainties are given.
Romilly Harris Stuart, Anne-Katrine Faber, Sonja Wahl, Maria Hörhold, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Kristian Vasskog, Melanie Behrens, Alexandra M. Zuhr, and Hans Christian Steen-Larsen
The Cryosphere, 17, 1185–1204, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1185-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1185-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This empirical study uses continuous daily measurements from the Greenland Ice Sheet to document changes in surface snow properties. Consistent changes in snow isotopic composition are observed in the absence of deposition due to surface processes, indicating the isotopic signal of deposited precipitation is not always preserved. Our observations have potential implications for the interpretation of water isotopes in ice cores – historically assumed to reflect isotopic composition at deposition.
Andrew W. Seidl, Harald Sodemann, and Hans Christian Steen-Larsen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 769–790, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is challenging to make field measurements of stable water isotopes in the Arctic. To this end, we present a modular stable-water-isotope analyzer profiling system. The system operated for a 2-week field campaign on Svalbard during the Arctic winter. We evaluate the system’s performance and analyze any potential impact that the field conditions might have had on the isotopic measurements and the system's ability to resolve isotope gradients in the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
Antoine Grisart, Mathieu Casado, Vasileios Gkinis, Bo Vinther, Philippe Naveau, Mathieu Vrac, Thomas Laepple, Bénédicte Minster, Frederic Prié, Barbara Stenni, Elise Fourré, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Jean Jouzel, Martin Werner, Katy Pol, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Maria Hoerhold, Trevor Popp, and Amaelle Landais
Clim. Past, 18, 2289–2301, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2289-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2289-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a compilation of high-resolution (11 cm) water isotopic records, including published and new measurements, for the last 800 000 years from the EPICA Dome C ice core, Antarctica. Using this new combined water isotopes (δ18O and δD) dataset, we study the variability and possible influence of diffusion at the multi-decadal to multi-centennial scale. We observe a stronger variability at the onset of the interglacial interval corresponding to a warm period.
Kevin S. Rozmiarek, Bruce H. Vaughn, Tyler R. Jones, Valerie Morris, William B. Skorski, Abigail G. Hughes, Jack Elston, Sonja Wahl, Anne-Katrine Faber, and Hans Christian Steen-Larsen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7045–7067, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7045-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7045-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have designed an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sampling platform for operation in extreme polar environments that is capable of sampling atmospheric water vapor for subsequent measurement of water isotopes. During flight, we measure location, temperature, humidity, and pressure to determine the height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) using algorithms, allowing for strategic decision-making by the pilot to collect samples in glass flasks contained in the nose cone of the UAV.
Abigail G. Hughes, Sonja Wahl, Tyler R. Jones, Alexandra Zuhr, Maria Hörhold, James W. C. White, and Hans Christian Steen-Larsen
The Cryosphere, 15, 4949–4974, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4949-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4949-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Water isotope records in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores are a valuable proxy for paleoclimate reconstruction and are traditionally thought to primarily reflect precipitation input. However,
post-depositional processes are hypothesized to contribute to the isotope climate signal. In this study we use laboratory experiments, field experiments, and modeling to show that sublimation and vapor–snow isotope exchange can rapidly influence the isotopic composition of the snowpack.
Alexandra M. Zuhr, Thomas Münch, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Maria Hörhold, and Thomas Laepple
The Cryosphere, 15, 4873–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Firn and ice cores are used to infer past temperatures. However, the imprint of the climatic signal in stable water isotopes is influenced by depositional modifications. We present and use a photogrammetry structure-from-motion approach and find variability in the amount, the timing, and the location of snowfall. Depositional modifications of the surface are observed, leading to mixing of snow from different snowfall events and spatial locations and thus creating noise in the proxy record.
Saeid Bagheri Dastgerdi, Melanie Behrens, Jean-Louis Bonne, Maria Hörhold, Gerrit Lohmann, Elisabeth Schlosser, and Martin Werner
The Cryosphere, 15, 4745–4767, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4745-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4745-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, for the first time, water vapour isotope measurements in Antarctica for all seasons of a year are performed. Local temperature is identified as the main driver of δ18O and δD variability. A similar slope of the temperature–δ18O relationship in vapour and surface snow points to the water vapour isotope content as a potential key driver. This dataset can be used as a new dataset to evaluate the capability of isotope-enhanced climate models.
Patrick Chazette, Cyrille Flamant, Harald Sodemann, Julien Totems, Anne Monod, Elsa Dieudonné, Alexandre Baron, Andrew Seidl, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Pascal Doira, Amandine Durand, and Sylvain Ravier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10911–10937, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10911-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10911-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To gain understanding on the vertical structure of atmospheric water vapour above mountain lakes and to assess its link to the isotopic composition of the lake water and small-scale dynamics, the L-WAIVE field campaign was conducted in the Annecy valley in the French Alps in June 2019. Based on a synergy between ground-based, boat-borne, and airborne measuring platforms, significant gradients of isotopic content have been revealed at the transitions to the lake and to the free troposphere.
Jean-Louis Bonne, Hanno Meyer, Melanie Behrens, Julia Boike, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Benjamin Rabe, Toni Schmidt, Lutz Schönicke, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, and Martin Werner
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10493–10511, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10493-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10493-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces 2 years of continuous near-surface in situ observations of the stable isotopic composition of water vapour in parallel with precipitation in north-eastern Siberia. We evaluate the atmospheric transport of moisture towards the region of our observations with simulations constrained by meteorological reanalyses and use this information to interpret the temporal variations of the vapour isotopic composition from seasonal to synoptic timescales.
Abigail G. Hughes, Tyler R. Jones, Bo M. Vinther, Vasileios Gkinis, C. Max Stevens, Valerie Morris, Bruce H. Vaughn, Christian Holme, Bradley R. Markle, and James W. C. White
Clim. Past, 16, 1369–1386, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1369-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1369-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An ice core drilled on the Renland ice cap (RECAP) in east-central Greenland contains a continuous climate record dating through the last glacial period. Here we present the water isotope record for the Holocene, in which high-resolution climate information is retained for the last 8 kyr. We find that the RECAP water isotope record exhibits seasonal and decadal variability which may reflect sea surface conditions and regional climate variability.
Iris Thurnherr, Anna Kozachek, Pascal Graf, Yongbiao Weng, Dimitri Bolshiyanov, Sebastian Landwehr, Stephan Pfahl, Julia Schmale, Harald Sodemann, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Alessandro Toffoli, Heini Wernli, and Franziska Aemisegger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5811–5835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5811-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5811-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Stable water isotopes (SWIs) are tracers of moist atmospheric processes. We analyse the impact of large- to small-scale atmospheric processes and various environmental conditions on the variability of SWIs using ship-based SWI measurement in water vapour from the Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Furthermore, simultaneous measurements of SWIs at two altitudes are used to illustrate the potential of such measurements for future research to estimate sea spray evaporation and turbulent moisture fluxes.
Damiano Della Lunga, Hörhold Maria, Birthe Twarloh, Behrens Melanie, Dallmayr Remi, Erhardt Tobias, Jensen Camille Marie, and Wilhelms Frank
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-215, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-215, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The extent of sea ice plays a major role in the present Arctic warming, and it is possibly one of its first victims, since it has been predicted to disappear in the near future, if warming proceed. Our manuscript validates ice core proxies for the reconstruction of the variability of sea ice extent around Greenland in the last 600 years, and simultanesouly infers the evolution of the proxy-sources with time. Understanding past sea ice extent variability, is thus crucial in predicting its future.
Dominic A. Winski, Tyler J. Fudge, David G. Ferris, Erich C. Osterberg, John M. Fegyveresi, Jihong Cole-Dai, Zayta Thundercloud, Thomas S. Cox, Karl J. Kreutz, Nikolas Ortman, Christo Buizert, Jenna Epifanio, Edward J. Brook, Ross Beaudette, Jeffrey Severinghaus, Todd Sowers, Eric J. Steig, Emma C. Kahle, Tyler R. Jones, Valerie Morris, Murat Aydin, Melinda R. Nicewonger, Kimberly A. Casey, Richard B. Alley, Edwin D. Waddington, Nels A. Iverson, Nelia W. Dunbar, Ryan C. Bay, Joseph M. Souney, Michael Sigl, and Joseph R. McConnell
Clim. Past, 15, 1793–1808, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1793-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1793-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A deep ice core was recently drilled at the South Pole to understand past variations in the Earth's climate. To understand the information contained within the ice, we present the relationship between the depth and age of the ice in the South Pole Ice Core. We found that the oldest ice in our record is from 54 302 ± 519 years ago. Our results show that, on average, 7.4 cm of snow falls at the South Pole each year.
Hera Guðlaugsdóttir, Jesper Sjolte, Árný Erla Sveinbjörnsdóttir, and Hans Christian Steen-Larsen
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-99, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2019-99, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In the North Atlantic four modes of climate variability dominate weather. Here we assess how these modes are affected after both equatorial and high latitude eruptions, known to influence temperature in the atmosphere. Main results show that the modes associated with extreme weather events tend to follow high latitude eruptions as opposed to equatorial eruptions. These modes have also become more frequent as a result of anthropogenic warming, providing an insight into the dominating mechanism.
Andrew O. Hoffman, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Knut Christianson, and Christine Hvidberg
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 149–159, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-149-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-149-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present the design considerations and deployment of an autonomous modular terrestrial rover for ice-sheet exploration that is inexpensive, easy to construct, and allows for instrumentation customization. The rover proved capable of driving over 20 km on a single charge with a drawbar pull of 250 N, which is sufficient to tow commercial ground-penetrating radars. Due to its low cost, low power requirements, and simple modular design, mass deployments of this rover design are practicable.
Anne-Katrine Faber, Bo Møllesøe Vinther, Jesper Sjolte, and Rasmus Anker Pedersen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 5865–5876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5865-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5865-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The recent decades loss of Arctic sea ice provide an interesting opportunity to study the impact of sea ice changes on the isotopic composition of Arctic precipitation. Using a climate model that can simulate water isotopes, we find that reduced sea ice extent yields more enriched isotope values while increased sea ice extent yields more
depleted isotope values. Results also show that the spatial distribution of the sea ice extent are important.
Tyler R. Jones, James W. C. White, Eric J. Steig, Bruce H. Vaughn, Valerie Morris, Vasileios Gkinis, Bradley R. Markle, and Spruce W. Schoenemann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 617–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-617-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-617-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
New measurement systems have been developed that continuously melt ice core samples, in contrast to other methods that analyze a single sample at a time. These newer systems are capable of reducing analysis time by many years and improving data set resolution. In this study, we introduce improved methodologies that optimize the speed, accuracy, and precision of a water isotope continuous-flow system. The presented system will be used for Antarctic and Greenland ice core projects.
François Ritter, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Martin Werner, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Anais Orsi, Melanie Behrens, Gerit Birnbaum, Johannes Freitag, Camille Risi, and Sepp Kipfstuhl
The Cryosphere, 10, 1647–1663, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1647-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1647-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present successful continuous measurements of water vapor isotopes performed in Antarctica in January 2013. The interest is to understand the impact of the water vapor isotopic composition on the near-surface snow isotopes. Our study reveals a diurnal cycle in the snow isotopic composition in phase with the vapor. This finding suggests fractionation during the sublimation of the ice, which has an important consequence on the interpretation of water isotope variations in ice cores.
V. Masson-Delmotte, H. C. Steen-Larsen, P. Ortega, D. Swingedouw, T. Popp, B. M. Vinther, H. Oerter, A. E. Sveinbjornsdottir, H. Gudlaugsdottir, J. E. Box, S. Falourd, X. Fettweis, H. Gallée, E. Garnier, V. Gkinis, J. Jouzel, A. Landais, B. Minster, N. Paradis, A. Orsi, C. Risi, M. Werner, and J. W. C. White
The Cryosphere, 9, 1481–1504, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1481-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1481-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The deep NEEM ice core provides the oldest Greenland ice core record, enabling improved understanding of the response of ice core records to local climate. Here, we focus on shallow ice cores providing a stack record of accumulation and water-stable isotopes spanning the past centuries. For the first time, we document the ongoing warming in a Greenland ice core. By combining our data with other Greenland ice cores and model results, we characterise the spatio-temporal patterns of variability.
H. C. Steen-Larsen, A. E. Sveinbjörnsdottir, A. J. Peters, V. Masson-Delmotte, M. P. Guishard, G. Hsiao, J. Jouzel, D. Noone, J. K. Warren, and J. W. C. White
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 7741–7756, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7741-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7741-2014, 2014
T. R. Jones, J. W. C. White, and T. Popp
Clim. Past, 10, 1253–1267, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1253-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1253-2014, 2014
H. C. Steen-Larsen, V. Masson-Delmotte, M. Hirabayashi, R. Winkler, K. Satow, F. Prié, N. Bayou, E. Brun, K. M. Cuffey, D. Dahl-Jensen, M. Dumont, M. Guillevic, S. Kipfstuhl, A. Landais, T. Popp, C. Risi, K. Steffen, B. Stenni, and A. E. Sveinbjörnsdottír
Clim. Past, 10, 377–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-377-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-377-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Discipline: Snow | Subject: Greenland
Seasonal snow cover indicators in coastal Greenland from in situ observations, a climate model, and reanalysis
Exploring the role of snow metamorphism on the isotopic composition of the surface snow at EastGRIP
Relating snowfall observations to Greenland ice sheet mass changes: an atmospheric circulation perspective
Local-scale deposition of surface snow on the Greenland ice sheet
Satellite observations of snowfall regimes over the Greenland Ice Sheet
Jorrit van der Schot, Jakob Abermann, Tiago Silva, Kerstin Rasmussen, Michael Winkler, Kirsty Langley, and Wolfgang Schöner
The Cryosphere, 18, 5803–5823, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present snow data from nine locations in coastal Greenland. We show that a reanalysis product (CARRA) simulates seasonal snow characteristics better than a regional climate model (RACMO). CARRA output matches particularly well with our reference dataset when we look at the maximum snow water equivalent and the snow cover end date. We show that seasonal snow in coastal Greenland has large spatial and temporal variability and find little evidence of trends in snow cover characteristics.
Romilly Harris Stuart, Anne-Katrine Faber, Sonja Wahl, Maria Hörhold, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Kristian Vasskog, Melanie Behrens, Alexandra M. Zuhr, and Hans Christian Steen-Larsen
The Cryosphere, 17, 1185–1204, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1185-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1185-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This empirical study uses continuous daily measurements from the Greenland Ice Sheet to document changes in surface snow properties. Consistent changes in snow isotopic composition are observed in the absence of deposition due to surface processes, indicating the isotopic signal of deposited precipitation is not always preserved. Our observations have potential implications for the interpretation of water isotopes in ice cores – historically assumed to reflect isotopic composition at deposition.
Michael R. Gallagher, Matthew D. Shupe, Hélène Chepfer, and Tristan L'Ecuyer
The Cryosphere, 16, 435–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-435-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
By using direct observations of snowfall and mass changes, the variability of daily snowfall mass input to the Greenland ice sheet is quantified for the first time. With new methods we conclude that cyclones west of Greenland in summer contribute the most snowfall, with 1.66 Gt per occurrence. These cyclones are contextualized in the broader Greenland climate, and snowfall is validated against mass changes to verify the results. Snowfall and mass change observations are shown to agree well.
Alexandra M. Zuhr, Thomas Münch, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Maria Hörhold, and Thomas Laepple
The Cryosphere, 15, 4873–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Firn and ice cores are used to infer past temperatures. However, the imprint of the climatic signal in stable water isotopes is influenced by depositional modifications. We present and use a photogrammetry structure-from-motion approach and find variability in the amount, the timing, and the location of snowfall. Depositional modifications of the surface are observed, leading to mixing of snow from different snowfall events and spatial locations and thus creating noise in the proxy record.
Elin A. McIlhattan, Claire Pettersen, Norman B. Wood, and Tristan S. L'Ecuyer
The Cryosphere, 14, 4379–4404, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4379-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4379-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Snowfall builds the mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) and reduces melt by brightening the surface. We present satellite observations of GrIS snowfall events divided into two regimes: those coincident with ice clouds and those coincident with mixed-phase clouds. Snowfall from ice clouds plays the dominant role in building the GrIS, producing ~ 80 % of total accumulation. The two regimes have similar snowfall frequency in summer, brightening the surface when solar insolation is at its peak.
Cited articles
Badgeley, J. A., Steig, E. J., and Dütsch, M.: Uncertainty in Reconstructing Paleo-Elevation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet From Temperature-Sensitive Ice Core Records, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL100334, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100334, 2022. a
Behrens, M., Hörhold, M., Hoffman, A., Faber, A.-K., Kahle, E., Frietag, J., Madsen, M., Kipfstuhl, S., and Steen-Larsen, H. C.: Snow stable water isotopes of a surface transect at the EastGRIP deep drilling site, summer season 2017, 1 cm, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.957437, 2023a. a, b
Behrens, M., Hörhold, M., Town, M. S., and Steen-Larsen, H. C.: Snow Profiles of stable water isotopes at the EastGRIP deep drilling site, summer seasons 2016–2019, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.957431, 2023b. a
Blossey, P. N., Kuang, Z., and Romps, D. M.: Isotopic composition of water in the tropical tropopause layer in cloud-resolving simulations of an idealized tropical circulation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D24309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014554, 2010. a, b, c
Bolzan, J. F. and Pohjola, V. A.: Reconstruction of the undiffused seasonal oxygen isotope signal in central Greenland ice cores, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 105, 22095–22106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jc000258, 2000. a, b, c, d
Buizert, C., Fudge, T. J., Roberts, W. H. G., Steig, E. J., Sherriff-Tadano, S., Ritz, C., Lefebvre, E., Edwards, J., Kawamura, K., Oyabu, I., Motoyama, H., Kahle, E. C., Jones, T. R., Abe-Ouchi, A., Obase, T., Martin, C., Corr, H., Severinghaus, J. P., Beaudette, R., Epifanio, J. A., Brook, E. J., Martin, K., Chappellaz, J., Aoki, S., Nakazawa, T., Sowers, T. A., Alley, R. B., Ahn, J., Sigl, M., Severi, M., Dunbar, N. W., Svensson, A., Fegyveresi, J. M., He, C., Liu, Z., Zhu, J., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Lipenkov, V. Y., Kageyama, M., and Schwander, J.: Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum, Science, 372, 1097–1101, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd2897, 2021. a
Casado, M., Landais, A., Picard, G., Münch, T., Laepple, T., Stenni, B., Dreossi, G., Ekaykin, A., Arnaud, L., Genthon, C., Touzeau, A., Masson-Delmotte, V., and Jouzel, J.: Archival processes of the water stable isotope signal in East Antarctic ice cores, The Cryosphere, 12, 1745–1766, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1745-2018, 2018. a, b, c, d, e
Casado, M., Landais, A., Picard, G., Arnaud, L., Dreossi, G., Stenni, B., and Prié, F.: Water Isotopic Signature of Surface Snow Metamorphism in Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL093382, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093382, 2021. a, b
Charles, C. D., Rind, D., Jouzel, J., Koster, R. D., and Fairbanks, R. G.: Glacial-Interglacial Changes in Moisture Sources for Greenland: Influences on the Ice Core Record of Climate, Science, 263, 508–511, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.263.5146.508, 1994. a
Ciais, P. and Jouzel, J.: Deuterium and oxygen 18 in precipitation: Isotopic model, including mixed cloud processes, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16793–16803, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD00412, 1994. a, b, c
Colbeck, S. C.: Air movement in snow due to windpumping, J. Glaciol., 35, 209–213, https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000004524, 1989. a
Colbeck, S. C.: Model of wind pumping for layered snow, J. Glaciol., 43, 60–65, https://doi.org/10.3189/s002214300000280x, 1997. a, b
Craig, H.: Isotopic Variations in Meteoric Waters, Science, 133, 1702–1703, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.133.3465.1702, 1961. a
Craig, H. and Gordon, L. I.: Deuterium and oxygen 18 variations m the ocean and the marine atmosphere, in: Stable Isotopes in Oceanographic Studies and Paleotemperatures, Conference on Stable Isotopes in Oceanographic Studies and Paleotemperatures, Spoleto, Italy 1965, edited by: Tongiorgi, E., 9–130, https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:126843232 (last access: 5 August 2024), Consiglio nazionale delle richerche, Laboratorio de geologia nucleare, p. 9–130, 1965. a
Cuffey, K. M., Clow, G. D., Steig, E. J., Buizert, C., Fudge, T. J., Koutnik, M., Waddington, E. D., Alley, R. B., and Severinghaus, J. P.: Deglacial temperature history of West Antarctica, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 14249–14254, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609132113, 2016. a, b, c
Dahl-Jensen, D., Albert, M. R., Aldahan, A., Azuma, N., Balslev-Clausen, D., Baumgartner, M., Berggren, A. M., Bigler, M., Binder, T., Blunier, T., Bourgeois, J. C., Brook, E. J., Buchardt, S. L., Buizert, C., Capron, E., Chappellaz, J., Chung, J., Clausen, H. B., Cvijanovic, I., Davies, S. M., Ditlevsen, P., Eicher, O., Fischer, H., Fisher, D. A., Fleet, L. G., Gfeller, G., Gkinis, V., Gogineni, S., Goto-Azuma, K., Grinsted, A., Gudlaugsdottir, H., Guillevic, M., Hansen, S. B., Hansson, M., Hirabayashi, M., Hong, S., Hur, S. D., Huybrechts, P., Hvidberg, C. S., Iizuka, Y., Jenk, T., Johnsen, S. J., Jones, T. R., Jouzel, J., Karlsson, N. B., Kawamura, K., Keegan, K., Kettner, E., Kipfstuhl, S., Kjær, H. A., Koutnik, M., Kuramoto, T., Köhler, P., Laepple, T., Landais, A., Langen, P. L., Larsen, L. B., Leuenberger, D., Leuenberger, M., Leuschen, C., Li, J., Lipenkov, V., Martinerie, P., Maselli, O. J., Masson-Delmotte, V., McConnell, J. R., Miller, H., Mini, O., Miyamoto, A., Montagnat-Rentier, M., Mulvaney, R., Muscheler, R., Orsi, A. J., Paden, J., Panton, C., Pattyn, F., Petit, J. R., Pol, K., Popp, T., Possnert, G., Prié, F., Prokopiou, M., Quiquet, A., Rasmussen, S. O., Raynaud, D., Ren, J., Reutenauer, C., Ritz, C., Röckmann, T., Rosen, J. L., Rubino, M., Rybak, O., Samyn, D., Sapart, C. J., Schilt, A., Schmidt, A. M., Schwander, J., Schüpbach, S., Seierstad, I., Severinghaus, J. P., Sheldon, S., Simonsen, S. B., Sjolte, J., Solgaard, A. M., Sowers, T., Sperlich, P., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Steffen, K., Steffensen, J. P., Steinhage, D., Stocker, T. F., Stowasser, C., Sturevik, A. S., Sturges, W. T., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A., Svensson, A., Tison, J. L., Uetake, J., Vallelonga, P., Wal, R. S. V. D., Wel, G. V. D., Vaughn, B. H., Vinther, B., Waddington, E., Wegner, A., Weikusat, I., White, J. W., Wilhelms, F., Winstrup, M., Witrant, E., Wolff, E. W., Xiao, C., and Zheng, J.: Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core, Nature, 493, 489–494, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11789, 2013. a
Dee, S., Emile-Geay, J., Evans, M. N., Allam, A., Steig, E. J., and Thompson, D. M.: PRYSM: An open-source framework for PRoxY System Modeling, with applications to oxygen-isotope systems, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 7, 1220–1247, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000447, 2015. a, b
Delmotte, M., Masson, V., Jouzel, J., and Morgan, V. I.: A seasonal deuterium excess signal at Law Dome, coastal eastern Antarctica: A southern ocean signature, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 7187–7197, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JD901085, 2000. a
Dibb, J. E. and Fahnestock, M.: Snow accumulation, surface height change, and firn densification at Summit, Greenland: Insights from 2 years of in situ observation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004300, 2004. a, b
Dietrich, L., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Wahl, S., Jones, T. R., Town, M. S., and Werner, M.: Snow-atmosphere humidity exchange at the ice sheet surface alters annual mean climate signals in ice core records, Geophys. Res. Lett., e2023GL104249, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104249, 2023. a, b, c
Dütsch, M., Pfahl, S., and Sodemann, H.: The Impact of Nonequilibrium and Equilibrium Fractionation on Two Different Deuterium Excess Definitions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 12732–12746, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027085, 2017. a
Dütsch, M., Blossey, P. N., Steig, E. J., and Nusbaumer, J. M.: Nonequilibrium Fractionation During Ice Cloud Formation in iCAM5: Evaluating the Common Parameterization of Supersaturation as a Linear Function of Temperature, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 11, 3777–3793, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001764, 2019. a, b, c, d
Ebner, P. P., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Stenni, B., Schneebeli, M., and Steinfeld, A.: Experimental observation of transient δ18O interaction between snow and advective airflow under various temperature gradient conditions, The Cryosphere, 11, 1733–1743, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1733-2017, 2017. a
Epstein, S., Sharp, R. P., and Gow, A. J.: Six-Year Record of Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Variations in South Pole Firn, J. Geophys. Res., 20, 1809–1814, https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i008p01809, 1965. a, b, c
Fausto, R. S., van As, D., Mankoff, K. D., Vandecrux, B., Citterio, M., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Andersen, S. B., Colgan, W., Karlsson, N. B., Kjeldsen, K. K., Korsgaard, N. J., Larsen, S. H., Nielsen, S., Pedersen, A. Ø., Shields, C. L., Solgaard, A. M., and Box, J. E.: Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) automatic weather station data, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3819–3845, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3819-2021, 2021. a, b, c, d, e, f
Filhol, S. and Sturm, M.: Snow bedforms: A review, new data, and a formation model, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 120, 1645–1669, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003529, 2015. a, b, c
Fisher, D. A., Reeh, N., and Clausen, H.: Stratigraphic Noise in Time Series Derived from Ice Cores, Ann. Glaciol., 7, 76–83, https://doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500005942, 1985. a, b
Fujita, K. and Abe, O.: Stable isotopes in Daily precipitation at Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18503, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026936, 2006. a
Gkinis, V., Simonsen, S. B., Buchardt, S. L., White, J. W., and Vinther, B. M.: Water isotope diffusion rates from the NorthGRIP ice core for the last 16,000 years – Glaciological and paleoclimatic implications, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 405, 132–141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.022, 2014. a
Gonfiantini, R.: Standards for Stable Isotope Measurements in Natural Compounds, Nature, 271, 534–536, https://doi.org/10.1038/271534a0, 1978. a
Gow, A. J.: On the Accumulation and Seasonal Stratification Of Snow at the South Pole, J. Glaciol., 5, 467–477, https://doi.org/10.3189/s002214300001844x, 1965. a, b
Grootes, P., Stuiver, M., White, J. W. C., Johnsen, S., and Jouzel, J.: Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores, Nature, 366, 552–554, 1993. a
Grootes, P. M. and Stuiver, M.: Ice sheet elevation changes from isotope profiles, Proceedings, Vancouver Symp. August 1987, IAHS Publ. No. 170, 1987. a
Guillevic, M., Bazin, L., Landais, A., Kindler, P., Orsi, A., Masson-Delmotte, V., Blunier, T., Buchardt, S. L., Capron, E., Leuenberger, M., Martinerie, P., Prié, F., and Vinther, B. M.: Spatial gradients of temperature, accumulation and δ18O-ice in Greenland over a series of Dansgaard–Oeschger events, Clim. Past, 9, 1029–1051, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1029-2013, 2013. a
Harper, J., Saito, J., and Humphrey, N.: Cold Season Rain Event Has Impact on Greenland's Firn Layer Comparable to Entire Summer Melt Season, Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2023GL103654, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103654, 2023. a
Harris Stuart, R., Faber, A.-K., Wahl, S., Hörhold, M., Kipfstuhl, S., Vasskog, K., Behrens, M., Zuhr, A. M., and Steen-Larsen, H. C.: Exploring the role of snow metamorphism on the isotopic composition of the surface snow at EastGRIP, The Cryosphere, 17, 1185–1204, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1185-2023, 2023. a, b, c
Hörhold, M., Behrens, M., Wahl, S., Faber, A.-K., Zuhr, A., Meyer, H., and Steen-Larsen, H. C.: Snow stable water isotopes of a surface transect at the EastGRIP deep drilling site, summer season 2019, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945563, 2022a. a, b
Hörhold, M., Behrens, M., Wahl, S., Faber, A.-K., Zuhr, A., Zolles, T., and Steen-Larsen, H. C.: Snow stable water isotopes of a surface transect at the EastGRIP deep drilling site, summer season 2018, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945544, 2022b. a, b
Hörhold, M., Behrens, M., Vladimirova, D., Madsen, M., and Steen-Larsen, H. C.: Snow stable water isotopes of a surface transect at the EastGRIP deep drilling site, summer season 2016, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.957435, 2023. a, b
Howat, I. M.: Temporal variability in snow accumulation and density at Summit Camp, Greenland ice sheet, J. Glaciol., 68, 1076–1084, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2022.21, 2022. a, b
Hu, J., Yan, Y., Yeung, L. Y., and Dee, S. G.: Sublimation Origin of Negative Deuterium Excess Observed in Snow and Ice Samples From McMurdo Dry Valleys and Allan Hills Blue Ice Areas, East Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 127, e2021JD035950, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035950, 2022. a, b
Hughes, A. G., Wahl, S., Jones, T. R., Zuhr, A., Hörhold, M., White, J. W. C., and Steen-Larsen, H. C.: The role of sublimation as a driver of climate signals in the water isotope content of surface snow: laboratory and field experimental results, The Cryosphere, 15, 4949–4974, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4949-2021, 2021. a, b, c, d
Johnsen, S.: Stable isotope homogenization of polar firn and ice, in: Proc. Symp. on Isotopes and Impurities in Snow and Ice, I. U. G. G. XVI, General Assembly, ISOT. IMPURETES NEIGES GLACES. ACTES COLLOQ, Grenoble, 118, 210–219, 1977. a
Johnsen, S., Clausen, H. B., Cuffey, K. M., Hoffmann, G., Schwander, J., and Creyts, T.: Diffusion of stable isotopes in polar firn and ice: the isotope effect in firn diffusion, Physics of Ice Core Records, International Symposium on Physics of Ice Core Records, Shikotsukohan, Hokkaido, Japan, 14–17 September 1998, 121–140, http://hdl.handle.net/2115/32465 (last access: 5 August 2024), 2000. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h
Johnsen, S., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N., Steffensen, J. P., Clausen, H. B., Miller, H., Masson-Delmotte, V., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A. E., and White, J.: Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice-core stations: Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP, J. Quaternary Sci., 16, 299–307, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.622, 2001. a
Jones, T. R., Cuffey, K. M., White, J. W., Steig, E. J., Buizert, C., Markle, B. R., McConnell, J. R., and Sigl, M.: Water isotope diffusion in the WAIS Divide ice core during the Holocene and last glacial, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 122, 290–309, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003938, 2017. a
Jones, T. R., Roberts, W. H., Steig, E. J., Cuffey, K. M., Markle, B. R., and White, J. W.: Southern Hemisphere climate variability forced by Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet topography, Nature, 554, 351–355, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24669, 2018. a, b
Jones, T. R., Cuffey, K. M., Roberts, W. H., Markle, B. R., Steig, E. J., Stevens, C. M., Valdes, P. J., Fudge, T. J., Sigl, M., Hughes, A. G., Morris, V., Vaughn, B. H., Garland, J., Vinther, B. M., Rozmiarek, K. S., Brashear, C. A., and White, J. W.: Seasonal temperatures in West Antarctica during the Holocene, Nature, 613, 292–297, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05411-8, 2023. a, b, c
Jouzel, J., Alley, R. B., Cuffey, K. M., Dansgaard, W., Grootes, P., Hoffmann, G., Johnsen, S. J., Koster, R. D., Peel, D., Shuman, C. A., Stievenard, M., Stuiver, M., and White, J.: Validity of the temperature reconstruction from water isotopes in ice cores, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 102, 26471–26487, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC01283, 1997. a
Jouzel, J., Vimeux, F., Caillon, N., Delaygue, G., Hoffmann, G., Masson-Delmotte, V., and Parrenin, F.: Magnitude of isotope/temperature scaling for interpretation of central Antarctic ice cores, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4361, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002677, 2003. a, b
Kavanaugh, J. L. and Cuffey, K. M.: Space and time variation of δ18O and δD in Antarctic precipitation revisited, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GB001910, 2003. a
Kochanski, K., Anderson, R. S., and Tucker, G. E.: Statistical Classification of Self-Organized Snow Surfaces, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 6532–6541, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077616, 2018. a
Komuro, Y., Nakazawa, F., Hirabayashi, M., Goto-Azuma, K., Nagatsuka, N., Shigeyama, W., Matoba, S., Homma, T., Steffensen, J. P., and Dahl-Jensen, D.: Temporal and spatial variabilities in surface mass balance at the EGRIP site, Greenland from 2009 to 2017, Polar Sci., 27, 100568, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2020.100568, 2021. a, b, c, d, e
Laepple, T., Münch, T., Casado, M., Hoerhold, M., Landais, A., and Kipfstuhl, S.: On the similarity and apparent cycles of isotopic variations in East Antarctic snow pits, The Cryosphere, 12, 169–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-169-2018, 2018. a
Lecavalier, B. S., Milne, G. A., Vinther, B. M., Fisher, D. A., Dyke, A. S., and Simpson, M. J.: Revised estimates of Greenland ice sheet thinning histories based on ice-core records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 63, 73–82, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.030, 2013. a
Lécuyer, C., Royer, A., Fourel, F., Seris, M., Simon, L., and Robert, F.:
Lorius, C., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Hansen, J., and Treut, H. L.: The ice-core record: climate sensitivity and future greenhouse warming, Nature 347, 139–145, https://doi.org/10.1038/347139a0, 1990. a
MacFerrin, M. J., Stevens, C. M., Vandecrux, B., Waddington, E. D., and Abdalati, W.: The Greenland Firn Compaction Verification and Reconnaissance (FirnCover) dataset, 2013–2019, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 955–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-955-2022, 2022.
Magnusson, B., Näykki, T., Hovind, H., Krysell, M., and Sahlin, E.: Handbook for calculation of measurement uncertainty in environmental laboratories, vol. Nordtest Report TR 537 (ed. 4), 2017. a
Masson-Delmotte, V., Hou, S., Ekaykin, A., Jouzel, J., Aristarain, A., Bernardo, R. T., Bromwich, D., Cattani, O., Delmotte, M., Falourd, S., Frezzotti, M., Gallée, H., Genoni, L., Isaksson, E., Landais, A., Helsen, M. M., Hoffmann, G., Lopez, J., Morgan, V., Motoyama, H., Noone, D., Oerter, H., Petit, J. R., Royer, A., Uemura, R., Schmidt, G. A., Schlosser, E., Simöes, J. C., Steig, E. J., Stenni, B., Stievenard, M., van den Broeke, M. R., van de Wal, R. S. W., van de Berg, W. J., Vimeux, F., and White, J. W. C.: A review of Antarctic surface snow isotopic composition: Observations, atmospheric circulation, and isotopic modeling, J. Climate, 21, 3359–3387, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI2139.1, 2008. a
Mayewski, P. A., Meeker, L. D., Whitlow, S., Twickler, M. S., Morrison, M. C., Bloomfield, P., Bond, G. C., Alley, R. B., Gow, A. J., Meese, D. A., Grootes, P. M., Ram, M., Taylor, K. C., and Wumkes, W.: Changes in Atmospheric Circulation and Ocean Ice Cover over the North Atlantic During the Last 41,000 Years, Science, 263, 1747–1751, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.263.5154.1747, 1994. a
Merlivat, L. and Jouzel, J.: Global climatic interpretation of the deuterium-oxygen 16 relationship for precipitation., J. Geophys. Res., 84, 5029–5033, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC084iC08p05029, 1979. a, b, c, d
Mojtabavi, S., Wilhelms, F., Cook, E., Davies, S. M., Sinnl, G., Skov Jensen, M., Dahl-Jensen, D., Svensson, A., Vinther, B. M., Kipfstuhl, S., Jones, G., Karlsson, N. B., Faria, S. H., Gkinis, V., Kjær, H. A., Erhardt, T., Berben, S. M. P., Nisancioglu, K. H., Koldtoft, I., and Rasmussen, S. O.: A first chronology for the East Greenland Ice-core Project (EGRIP) over the Holocene and last glacial termination, Clim. Past, 16, 2359–2380, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2359-2020, 2020. a
Münch, T., Kipfstuhl, S., Freitag, J., Meyer, H., and Laepple, T.: Regional climate signal vs. local noise: a two-dimensional view of water isotopes in Antarctic firn at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Clim. Past, 12, 1565–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1565-2016, 2016. a, b, c
Münch, T., Kipfstuhl, S., Freitag, J., Meyer, H., and Laepple, T.: Constraints on post-depositional isotope modifications in East Antarctic firn from analysing temporal changes of isotope profiles, The Cryosphere, 11, 2175–2188, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2175-2017, 2017. a, b, c
Nakazawa, F., Nagatsuka, N., Hirabayashi, M., Goto-Azuma, K., Steffensen, J. P., and Dahl-Jensen, D.: Variation in recent annual snow deposition and seasonality of snow chemistry at the east Greenland ice core project (EGRIP) camp, Greenland, Polar Sci., 27, 100597, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2020.100597, 2021. a, b, c, d
Neumann, T. A. and Waddington, E. D.: Effects of firn ventilation on isotopic exchange, J. Glaciol., 50, 183–192, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756504781830150, 2004. a
Petit, J. R., White, J. W., Young, N. W., Jouzel, J., and Korotkevich, Y. S.: Deuterium excess in recent Antarctic snow, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5113–5122, https://doi.org/10.1029/90JD02232, 1991. a, b, c
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N. I., Barnola, J. M., Basile, I., Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., Delaygue, G., Delmotte, M., Kotiyakov, V. M., Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V. Y., Lorius, C., Pépin, L., Ritz, C., Saltzman, E., and Stievenard, M.: Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica, Nature, 399, 429–436, https://doi.org/10.1038/20859, 1999. a
Ritter, F., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Werner, M., Masson-Delmotte, V., Orsi, A., Behrens, M., Birnbaum, G., Freitag, J., Risi, C., and Kipfstuhl, S.: Isotopic exchange on the diurnal scale between near-surface snow and lower atmospheric water vapor at Kohnen station, East Antarctica, The Cryosphere, 10, 1647–1663, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1647-2016, 2016. a
Rohling, E. J., Sluijs, A., Dijkstra, H. A., Köhler, P., Wal, R. S. V. D., Heydt, A. S. V. D., Beerling, D. J., Berger, A., Bijl, P. K., Crucifix, M., Deconto, R., Drijfhout, S. S., Fedorov, A., Foster, G. L., Ganopolski, A., Hansen, J., Hönisch, B., Hooghiemstra, H., Huber, M., Huybers, P., Knutti, R., Lea, D. W., Lourens, L. J., Lunt, D., Masson-Demotte, V., Medina-Elizalde, M., Otto-Bliesner, B., Pagani, M., Pälike, H., Renssen, H., Royer, D. L., Siddall, M., Valdes, P., Zachos, J. C., and Zeebe, R. E.: Making sense of palaeoclimate sensitivity, Nature, 491, 683–691, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11574, 2012. a
Schaller, C. F., Freitag, J., Kipfstuhl, S., Laepple, T., Steen-Larsen, H. C., and Eisen, O.: A representative density profile of the North Greenland snowpack, The Cryosphere, 10, 1991–2002, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1991-2016, 2016. a
Schlosser, E., Oerter, H., Masson-Delmotte, V., and Reijmer, C.: Atmospheric influence on the deuterium excess signal in polar firn: Implication for ice-core interpretation, J. Glaciol., 54, 117–124, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308784408991, 2008. a
Schwerdtfeger, W.: The Climate of the Antarctic, in: World Survey of Climatology, Vol. 14, edited by: Orvig, S., Elsevier Publishing Company LTD, Barking, Essex, England, 253–322, 1970. a
Shuman, C. A., Alley, R. B., Anandakrishnan, S., White, J. W. C., Grootes, P. M., and Steams, C. R.: Temperature and accumulation at the Greenland Summit: Comparison of high-resolution isotope profiles and satellite passive microwave brightness temperature trends, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9165–9177, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD00560, 1995. a, b, c, d, e
Steen-Larsen, H. C.: Snow surface accumulation measured using Bamboo stake measurents, EastGRIP camp Greenland, May 2016, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.921855, 2020a. a, b
Steen-Larsen, H. C.: Snow surface accumulation measured using SSA stake measurents, EastGRIP camp Greenland, May 2018, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.921853, 2020b. a
Steen-Larsen, H. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Hirabayashi, M., Winkler, R., Satow, K., Prié, F., Bayou, N., Brun, E., Cuffey, K. M., Dahl-Jensen, D., Dumont, M., Guillevic, M., Kipfstuhl, S., Landais, A., Popp, T., Risi, C., Steffen, K., Stenni, B., and Sveinbjörnsdottír, A. E.: What controls the isotopic composition of Greenland surface snow?, Clim. Past, 10, 377–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-377-2014, 2014. a, b, c, d
Steen-Larsen, H. C., Hörhold, M., Kipfstuhl, S., Faber, A.-K., Freitag, J., Hughes, A. G., Madsen, M. V., Behrens, M. K., Meyer, H., Vladimirova, D., Wahl, S., Zuhr, A., and Stuart, R. H.: 10 daily surface measurements over 90m transect, SSA, Density and Accumulation, from EastGRIP summer (May–August) of 2016–2019, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.946763, 2022. a, b
Steffensen, J. P.: Microparticles in snow from the South Greenland ice sheet, Tellus B, 37, 286–295, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.1985.tb00076.x, 1985. a
Steffensen, J. P., Andersen, K. K., Bigler, M., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Fischer, H., Goto-Azuma, K., Hansson, M., Johnsen, S. J., Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Popp, T., Rasmussen, S. O., Röthlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Stauffer, B., Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., Árný E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Svensson, A., and White, J. W.: High-resolution greenland ice core data show abrupt climate change happens in few years, Science, 321, 680–684, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157707, 2008. a
Steig, E. J., Ding, Q., White, J. W., Küttel, M., Rupper, S. B., Neumann, T. A., Neff, P. D., Gallant, A. J., Mayewski, P. A., Taylor, K. C., Hoffmann, G., Dixon, D. A., Schoenemann, S. W., Markle, B. R., Fudge, T. J., Schneider, D. P., Schauer, A. J., Teel, R. P., Vaughn, B. H., Burgener, L., Williams, J., and Korotkikh, E.: Recent climate and ice-sheet changes in West Antarctica compared with the past 2,000 years, Nat. Geosci., 6, 372–375, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1778, 2013. a
Stern, L. A. and Blisniuk, P. M.: Stable isotope composition of precipitation across the southern Patagonian Andes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, ACL 3-1–ACL 3-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002509, 2002. a
Town, M. S. and Walden, V. P.: Surface energy budget over the South Pole and turbulent heat fluxes as a function of an empirical bulk Richardson number, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D22107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011888, 2009. a
Town, M. S., Waddington, E. D., Walden, V. P., and Warren, S. G.: Temperatures, heating rates and vapour pressures in near-surface snow at the South Pole, J. Glaciol., 54, 487–498, https://doi.org/10.3189/002214308785837075, 2008a. a
Town, M. S., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Wahl, S., and Faber, A.-K.: Water isotopologues of near-surface polar snow from short (1-m) snow cores, extracted from the EastGRIP site on Greenland Ice Sheet during summers 2017–2019, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.958540, 2023. a
Trappitsch, R., Boehnke, P., Stephan, T., Telus, M., Savina, M. R., Pardo, O., Davis, A. M., Dauphas, N., Pellin, M. J., and Huss, G. R.: New Constraints on the Abundance of 60Fe in the Early Solar System, Astrophys. J., 857, L15, https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aabba9, 2018. a
Uemura, R., Masson-Delmotte, V., Jouzel, J., Landais, A., Motoyama, H., and Stenni, B.: Ranges of moisture-source temperature estimated from Antarctic ice cores stable isotope records over glacial–interglacial cycles, Clim. Past, 8, 1109–1125, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1109-2012, 2012. a, b
Van Geldern, R. and Barth, J. A.: Optimization of instrument setup and post-run corrections for oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope measurements of water by isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS), Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 10, 1024–1036, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.1024, 2012. a
Vinther, B. M., Jones, P. D., Briffa, K. R., Clausen, H. B., Andersen, K. K., Dahl-Jensen, D., and Johnsen, S. J.: Climatic signals in multiple highly resolved stable isotope records from Greenland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 522–538, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.002, 2010. a
Waddington, E. D., Steig, E. J., and Neumann, T. A.: Using characteristic times to assess whether stable isotopes in polar snow can be reversibly deposited, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 118–124, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817004, 2002. a, b, c, d
Wahl, S., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Reuder, J., and Hörhold, M.: Quantifying the Stable Water Isotopologue Exchange Between the Snow Surface and Lower Atmosphere by Direct Flux Measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2020JD034400, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034400, 2021. a
Werner, M., Langebroek, P. M., Carlsen, T., Herold, M., and Lohmann, G.: Stable water isotopes in the ECHAM5 general circulation model: Toward high-resolution isotope modeling on a global scale, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D15109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015681, 2011. a, b, c
Werner, M., Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., and Lohmann, G.: Reconciling glacial Antarctic water stable isotopes with ice sheet topography and the isotopic paleothermometer, Nat. Commun., 9, 3537, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05430-y, 2018. a, b, c
Westhoff, J., Sinnl, G., Svensson, A., Freitag, J., Kjær, H. A., Vallelonga, P., Vinther, B., Kipfstuhl, S., Dahl-Jensen, D., and Weikusat, I.: Melt in the Greenland EastGRIP ice core reveals Holocene warm events, Clim. Past, 18, 1011–1034, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1011-2022, 2022. a, b
Zuhr, A., Münch, T., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Hörhold, M., and Laepple, T.: Snow surface accumulation measured using manual stick measurents, EastGRIP camp Greenland, May 2018, PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.931124, 2021a. a
Zuhr, A. M., Wahl, S., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Hörhold, M., Meyer, H., and Laepple, T.: A snapshot on the buildup of the stable water isotopic signal in the upper snowpack at EastGRIP on the Greenland Ice Sheet, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 128, e2022JF006767, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006767, 2023. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n
Short summary
A polar snow isotope dataset from northeast Greenland shows that snow changes isotopically after deposition. Summer snow sometimes enriches in oxygen-18, making it seem warmer than it actually was when the snow fell. Deuterium excess sometimes changes after deposition, making the snow seem to come from warmer, closer, or more humid places. After a year of aging, deuterium excess of summer snow layers always increases. Reinterpretation of deuterium excess used in climate models is necessary.
A polar snow isotope dataset from northeast Greenland shows that snow changes isotopically after...
