Articles | Volume 16, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2701-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2701-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Brief communication
| 
11 Jul 2022
Brief communication |
| 11 Jul 2022
| 11 Jul 2022
Brief communication: Improving ERA5-Land soil temperature in permafrost regions using an optimized multi-layer snow scheme
National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (TPDC), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Gabriele Arduini
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
Ervin Zsoter
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Cited
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Bias Correction for ERA5-Land Soil Moisture Product Using Variational Mode Decomposition in the Permafrost Region of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau T. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3200062
- Bias corrections of ERA5 and ERA5-land temperature using automatic weather station data in the Higher Central Himalaya: implications for hydro-meteorological and glaciological research S. Satyapragyan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.103079
- Application of machine learning to improve reanalysis soil temperatures over the extratropical northern hemisphere T. Herrington et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-026-06338-0
- Inconsistency and correction of manually observed ground surface temperatures over snow-covered regions B. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109518
- A prototype passive microwave retrieval algorithm for tundra snow density J. Welch & R. Kelly https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5259-2025
- Summer heat wave in 2022 led to rapid warming of permafrost in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau X. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00765-4
- Characterizing the Changes in Permafrost Thickness across Tibetan Plateau Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010206
- Two-dimensional simulation of island permafrost degradation in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau W. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116330
- Multi-year simulations at kilometre scale with the Integrated Forecasting System coupled to FESOM2.5 and NEMOv3.4 T. Rackow et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-33-2025
- Influence of wildfire on the rapidly changing features of patchy permafrost, Northeast China X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4637
- Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Differences in Snow Density between the Tibet Plateau and the Arctic W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15163976
- Assessment of reanalysis soil temperature products over the pan-Arctic permafrost region with consideration of sub-grid heterogeneity Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109587
- Brief communication: Reanalyses underperform in cold regions, raising concerns for climate services and research B. Cao & S. Gruber https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4525-2025
- Ensemble numerical simulation of permafrost thermal regimes over the Tibetan Plateau using the Flexible Permafrost Model: 1950–2023 W. Sun & B. Cao https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2681-2026
- Evaluation of representation of seasonally frozen ground characteristics in Land Surface Models: JSBACH and CLM M. Parmar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4157-2026
- Validation of pan-Arctic soil temperatures in modern reanalysis and data assimilation systems T. Herrington et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1835-2024
- Spatial and temporal variability in snow density across the Northern Hemisphere W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107445
- Snow Cover Reconstruction in the Brunswick Peninsula, Patagonia, Derived from a Combination of the Spectral Fusion, Mixture Analysis, and Temporal Interpolation of MODIS Data F. Aguirre et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225430
- Beyond carbon: Multi-scale thermal and hydrological feedback of permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau Y. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105248
- Spatiotemporal variations of permafrost extent in Mongolia during 1950–2022 X. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112558
- Parameterization of ground ice dynamics in permafrost models: Advances, challenges, and future directions Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105637
- Spatial Variability of Active Layer Thickness along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor Resolved Using Ground-Penetrating Radar S. Jia et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215606
- ERA5-Land overestimates runoff coefficient but underestimates runoff recession rate in the central Tibetan permafrost region L. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101792
- Real-time, depth-resolved permafrost thermal monitoring across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau enabled by bayesian-optimized deep learning X. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-026-08304-y
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Bias Correction for ERA5-Land Soil Moisture Product Using Variational Mode Decomposition in the Permafrost Region of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau T. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3200062
- Bias corrections of ERA5 and ERA5-land temperature using automatic weather station data in the Higher Central Himalaya: implications for hydro-meteorological and glaciological research S. Satyapragyan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.103079
- Application of machine learning to improve reanalysis soil temperatures over the extratropical northern hemisphere T. Herrington et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-026-06338-0
- Inconsistency and correction of manually observed ground surface temperatures over snow-covered regions B. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109518
- A prototype passive microwave retrieval algorithm for tundra snow density J. Welch & R. Kelly https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5259-2025
- Summer heat wave in 2022 led to rapid warming of permafrost in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau X. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00765-4
- Characterizing the Changes in Permafrost Thickness across Tibetan Plateau Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010206
- Two-dimensional simulation of island permafrost degradation in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau W. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116330
- Multi-year simulations at kilometre scale with the Integrated Forecasting System coupled to FESOM2.5 and NEMOv3.4 T. Rackow et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-33-2025
- Influence of wildfire on the rapidly changing features of patchy permafrost, Northeast China X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4637
- Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Differences in Snow Density between the Tibet Plateau and the Arctic W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15163976
- Assessment of reanalysis soil temperature products over the pan-Arctic permafrost region with consideration of sub-grid heterogeneity Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109587
- Brief communication: Reanalyses underperform in cold regions, raising concerns for climate services and research B. Cao & S. Gruber https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4525-2025
- Ensemble numerical simulation of permafrost thermal regimes over the Tibetan Plateau using the Flexible Permafrost Model: 1950–2023 W. Sun & B. Cao https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2681-2026
- Evaluation of representation of seasonally frozen ground characteristics in Land Surface Models: JSBACH and CLM M. Parmar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4157-2026
- Validation of pan-Arctic soil temperatures in modern reanalysis and data assimilation systems T. Herrington et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1835-2024
- Spatial and temporal variability in snow density across the Northern Hemisphere W. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107445
- Snow Cover Reconstruction in the Brunswick Peninsula, Patagonia, Derived from a Combination of the Spectral Fusion, Mixture Analysis, and Temporal Interpolation of MODIS Data F. Aguirre et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225430
- Beyond carbon: Multi-scale thermal and hydrological feedback of permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau Y. Xiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105248
- Spatiotemporal variations of permafrost extent in Mongolia during 1950–2022 X. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112558
- Parameterization of ground ice dynamics in permafrost models: Advances, challenges, and future directions Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105637
- Spatial Variability of Active Layer Thickness along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor Resolved Using Ground-Penetrating Radar S. Jia et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215606
- ERA5-Land overestimates runoff coefficient but underestimates runoff recession rate in the central Tibetan permafrost region L. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101792
- Real-time, depth-resolved permafrost thermal monitoring across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau enabled by bayesian-optimized deep learning X. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-026-08304-y
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 08 Sep 2026
Short summary
We implemented a new multi-layer snow scheme in the land surface scheme of ERA5-Land with revised snow densification parameterizations. The revised HTESSEL improved the representation of soil temperature in permafrost regions compared to ERA5-Land; in particular, warm bias in winter was significantly reduced, and the resulting modeled near-surface permafrost extent was improved.
We implemented a new multi-layer snow scheme in the land surface scheme of ERA5-Land with...
