Azócar, G. and Brenning, A.: Hydrological and geomorphological significance of rock glaciers in the dry Andes, Chile (27–33
∘ S), Permafrost Periglac., 21, 42–53, 2010.
a,
b
Barcaza, G., Nussbaumer, S. U., Tapia, G., Valdés, J., García, J.-L., Videla, Y., Albornoz, A., and Arias, V.: Glacier inventory and recent glacier variations in the Andes of Chile, South America, Ann. Glaciol., 58, 166–180,
https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2017.28, 2017.
a
Barsch, D.: Rock glaciers and ice-cored moraines, Geogr. Ann., 53, 203–206, 1971. a
Barsch, D.: Rockglaciers, 1st edn., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, ISBN 3-540-60742-0, 1996.
a,
b,
c
Berthling, I.: Beyond confusion: rock glaciers as cryo-conditioned landforms, Geomorphology, 131, 98–106, 2011. a
Binley, A. and Kemna, A.: DC Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods, in: Hydrogeophysics. Water Science and Technology Library, edited by: Rubin, Y. and Hubbard, S. S., vol. 50,
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3102-5_5, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2005.
a
Bodin, X., Rojas, F., and Brenning, A.: Status and evolution of the cryosphere in the Andes of Santiago (Chile, 33.5
∘ S), Geomorphology, 118, 453–464, 2010.
a,
b
Brenning, A., Grasser, M., and Friend, D.: Statistical estimation and generalized additive modeling of rock glacier distribution in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, United States, J. Geophys. Res., 112,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000528, 2007.
a
Colucci, R., Forte, E., Zebre, M., Maset, E., Zanettini, C., and Guglielmin, M.: Is that a relict rock glacier?, Geomorphology, 330, 177–189, 2019. a
Corte, A.: The Hydrological Significance of Rock Glaciers, J. Glaciol., 17, 157–158, 1976. a
Croce, F. and Milana, J.: Internal structure and behaviour of a rock glacier in the arid Andes of Argentina, Permafrost Periglac., 13, 289–299, 2002.
a,
b
Dahlin, T.: 2D resistivity surveying for environmental and engineering applications, First Break, 14, 275–283, 1996. a
Daily, W., Ramirez, A., LaBrecque, D., and Nitao, J.: Electrical resistivity tomography of vadose water movement, Water Resour. Res., 28, 1429–1442, 1992. a
Delaloye, R. and Echelard, T.: IPA Action Group Rock glacier inventories and kinematics: Towards standard guidelines for inventorying rock glaciers. Baseline concepts v 4.1,
https://www3.unifr.ch/geo/geomorphology/en/research/ipa-action-group-rock-glacier/ (last access: 20 January 2020), 2020. a
de Lima, A.: Water saturation and permeability from resistivity, dielectric, and porosity logs, Geophysics, 60, 1756–1764, 1995. a
de Pasquale, G.: Giuliadepasquale-cz/Contrasting-geophysical-signature-of-a-relict-and-an-intact-Andean-rock-glacier: Data from El Jote and el Ternero (v1.0), Zenodo [code/data set],
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6499392, 2022.
a
de Pasquale, G., Linde, N., and Greenwood, A.: Joint probabilistic inversion of DC resistivity and seismic refraction data applied to bedrock/regolith interface delineation, J. Appl. Geophys., 170, 103839,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.103839, 2019.
a
DGA: Atlas del Agua, Chile,
https://dga.mop.gob.cl/atlasdelagua/Paginas/default.aspx (last access: 1 November 2017), 2016.
a,
b
Draebing, D. and Krautblatter, M.: P-wave velocity changes in freezing hard low-porosity rocks: a laboratory-based time-average model, The Cryosphere, 6, 1163–1174,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-1163-2012, 2012.
a
Duvillard, P. A., Revil, A., Qi, Y., Soueid Ahmed, A., Coperey, A., and Ravanel, L.: Three-Dimensional Electrical Conductivity and Induced Polarization Tomography of a Rock Glacier, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 123, 9528–9554,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015965, 2018.
a
Evin, M., Fabre, D., and Johnson, P.: Electrical resistivity measurements on the rock glaciers of Grizzly Creek, St Elias Mountains, Yukon, Permafrost Periglac., 8, 181–191, 1997. a
Favier, V., Falvey, M., Rabatel, A., Praderio, E., and López, D.: Interpreting discrepancies between discharge and precipitation in high-altitude area of Chile's nortechico region (26–32
∘ S), Water Resour. Res., 45, 1–20, 2009. a
Halla, C., Blöthe, J. H., Tapia Baldis, C., Trombotto Liaudat, D., Hilbich, C., Hauck, C., and Schrott, L.: Ice content and interannual water storage changes of an active rock glacier in the dry Andes of Argentina, The Cryosphere, 15, 1187–1213,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1187-2021, 2021.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g
Hansen, P.: The L-Curve and Its Use in the Numerical Treatment of Inverse Problems, Computational Inverse Problems in Electrocardiology, 4, 119–142, 2001. a
Harrington, J., Mozil, A., Hayashi, M., and Bentley, L.: Groundwater flow and storage processes in an inactive rock glacier, Hydrol. Process., 32, 3070–3088, 2018.
a,
b,
c
Hauck, C. and Kneisel, C.: Applied Geophysics in Periglacial Environments, 1st edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 978-0-521-88966-7, 2008.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f
Hauck, C., Isaksen, K., Mühll, D. V., and Sollid, J.: Geophysical surveys designed to delineate the altitudinal limit of mountain permafrost: an example from Jotunheimen, Norway, Permafrost Periglac., 15, 191–205, 2004. a
Hauck, C., Böttcher, M., and Maurer, H.: A new model for estimating subsurface ice content based on combined electrical and seismic data sets, The Cryosphere, 5, 453–468,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-453-2011, 2011.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f
Hausmann, H., Grainer, K., Brückl, E., and Mostler, W.: Internal Structure and Ice Content of Reichenkar Rock Glacier (Stubai Alps, Austria) Assessed by Geophysical Investigations, Permafrost Periglac., 28, 351–367, 2007. a
Hellman, K., Ronzcka, M., Günther, T., Wennermark, M., Rücker, C., and Dahlin, T.: Structurally coupled inversion of ERT and refraction seismic data combined with cluster-based model integration, J. Appl. Geophys., 143, 169–181, 2017. a
Hilbich, C., Hauck, C., Mollaret, C., Wainstein, P., and Arenson, L. U.: Towards accurate quantification of ice content in permafrost of the Central Andes, part I: geophysics-based estimates from three different regions, The Cryosphere Discuss. [preprint],
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-206, in review, 2021.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g
Jones, D., Harrison, S., Anderson, K., and Betts, R.: Mountain rock glaciers contain globally significant water stores, Sci. Rep., 8, 2834,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21244-w, 2018.
a,
b,
c
Jones, D. B., Harrison, S., Anderson, K., and Whalley, W. B.: Rock glaciers and mountain hydrology: A review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 193, 66–90,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.001, 2019.
a,
b
Jordi, C., Doetsch, J., Günther, T., Schmelzbach, C., Maurer, H., and Robertsson, J.: Structural joint inversion on irregular meshes, Geophys. J. Int., 220, 1995–2008, 2019. a
Langston, G., Bentley, L., Hayashi, M., McClymont, A., and Pidlisecky, A.: Internal structure and hydrological functions of an alpine proglacial moraine, Hydrol. Process., 25, 2967–2982, 2011.
a,
b
Lesmes, D. and Friedman, S.: Relationships between the Electrical and Hydrogeological Properties of Rocks and Soils, in: Hydrogeophysics. Water Science and Technology Library, edited by: Rubin, Y. and Hubbard, S. S., vol. 50,
https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3102-5_4, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2005.
a
Linde, N. and Doetsch, J.: Joint Inversion in Hydrogeophysics and Near Surface Geophysics, in: Integrated Imaging of the Earth: Theory and Applications, edited by: Moorkamp, M., Lelièvre, P. G., Linde, N., Khan, A., American Geophisical Union,
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118929063.ch7, 2016.
a
Maurer, H. and Hauck, C.: Instruments and Methods: Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers, J. Glaciol., 53, 110–120, 2007.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g
Mavko, G., Mukerji, T., and Dvorkin, J.: The Rock Physics Handbook – Tools for Seismic Analysis of Porous Media, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK,
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626753, 2009.
a
Mollaret, C., Wagner, F., Hilbich, C., Scapozza, C., and Hauck, C.: Petrophysical Joint Inversion Applied to Alpine Permafrost Field Sites to Image Subsurface Ice, Water, Air, and Rock Contents, Front. Earth Sci., 8, 85, 2020.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g
Monnier, S. and Kinnard, C.: Internal structure and composition of a rock glacier in the Andes (upper Choapa valley, Chile) using borehole information and ground-penetrating radar, Ann. Glaciol., 54, 61–72, 2013. a
Monnier, S. and Kinnard, C.: Internal structure and composition of a rock glacier in the Dry Andes, inferred from ground-penetrating radar data and its artefacts, Permafrost Periglac., 26, 335–346, 2015.
a,
b
Moorkamp, M., Leliévre, P., Linde, N., and Khan, A.: Integrated Imaging of the Earth: Theory and Applications, 1st edn., AGU – John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 1118929055, 2016. a
Nolet, G.: Seismic wave propagation and seismic tomography, in: Seismic Tomography. Seismology and Exploration Geophysics, vol. 5, edited by: Nolet, G., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3899-1_1, 1987.
a
Núñez, J., Rivera, D., Oyarzún, R., and Arumí, J.: Influence of Pacific Ocean multi decadal variability on the distributional properties of hydrological variables in north-central Chile, J. Hydrol., 501, 227–240, 2013. a
Oyarzún, J. and Oyarzún, R.: Sustainable development threats, inter-sector conflicts and environmental policy requirements in the arid, mining rich, northern Chile territory, Sustain. Dev., 19, 263–274, 2011. a
Potter, N.: Ice-Cored Rock Glacier, Galena Creek, Northern Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 83, 3025–3058, 1972. a
Pourrier, J., Jourde, H., Kinnard, C., Gascoin, S., and Monnier, S.: Glacier meltwater flow paths and storage in a geomorphologically complex glacial foreland: The case of the Tapado glacier, dry Andes of Chile, J. Hydrol., 519, 1068–1083, 2014.
a,
b
Réveillet, M., MacDonell, S., Gascoin, S., Kinnard, C., Lhermitte, S., and Schaffer, N.: Impact of forcing on sublimation simulations for a high mountain catchment in the semiarid Andes, The Cryosphere, 14, 147–163,
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-147-2020, 2020.
a
Revil, A. and Glover, P.: Theory of ionic-surface electrical conduction in porous media, Phys. Rev. B, 55, 1757–1773, 1997. a
RGIK: Towards standard guidelines for inventorying rock glaciers: baseline concepts (version 4.2.1), IPA Action Group Rock glacier inventories and kinematics, 13 pp., 2021. a
Schaffer, N., MacDonell, S., Réveillet, M., Yáñez, E., and Valois, R.: Rock glaciers as a water resource in a changing climate in the semiarid Chilean Andes, Reg. Environ. Change, 19, 1263–1279, 2019.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e
Schrott, L.: Some geomorphological-hydrological aspects of rock glaciers in the Andes (San Juan, Argentina), Z. Geomorphol. Supp., 104, 161–173, 1996. a
Sinclair, K. and MacDonell, S.: Seasonal evolution of penitente glaciochemistry at Tapado Glacier, Northern Chile, Hydrol. Process., 30, 176–186, 2016. a
Springman, S. M., Arenson, L. U., Yamamoto, Y., Maurer, H., Kos, A., Buchli, T., and Derungs, G.: Multidisciplinary investigations on three rock glaciers in the swiss alps: legacies and future perspectives, Geogr. Ann. A, 94, 215–243,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00464.x, 2012.
a
Steiner, M., Wagner, F. M., Maierhofer, T., Schöner, W., and Flores Orozco, A.: Improved estimation of ice and water contents in alpine permafrost through constrained petrophysical joint inversion: The Hoher Sonnblick case study, Geophysics, 85, WB119–WB133,
https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0592.1, 2021.
a
Thies, H., Nickus, U., Mair, V., Tessadri, R., Tait, D., Thaler, B., and Psenner, R.: Unexpected response of high alpine lake waters to climate warming, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 7424–7429, 2007. a
Timur, A.: Velocity of compressional waves in porous media at permafrost temperatures, Geophysics, 33, 584–595, 1968. a
Valois, R., Galibert, P., Guérin, R., and Plagnes, V.: Application of combined time-lapse seismic refraction and electrical resistivity tomography to the analysis of infiltration and dissolution processes in the epikarst of the Causse du Larzac (France), Near Surf. Geophys., 14, 13–22, 2016. a
Valois, R., Cousquer, Y., Schmutz, M., Pryet, A., Delbart, C., and Dupuy, A.: Characterizing Stream-Aquifer Exchanges with Self-Potential Measurements, Hydrogeol. J., 56, 437–450, 2018a. a
Valois, R., Vouillamoz, J., Lun, S., and Arnout, L.: Mapping groundwater reserves in northwestern Cambodia with the combined use of data from lithologs and time-domain-electromagnetic and magnetic-resonance soundings, Hydrogeol. J., 26, 1187–1200, 2018b. a
Valois, R., MacDonell, S., Núñez-Cobo, J., and Maureira-Cortés, H.: Groundwater level trends and recharge event characterization using historical observed data in semi-arid Chile, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 65, 597–609, 2020a.
a,
b
Valois, R., Schaffer, N., Figueroa, R., Maldonato, A., Yáñez, E., Hevia, A., Carrizo, G. Y., and MacDonell, S.: Characterizing the Water Storage Capacity and Hydrological Role of Mountain Peatlands in the Arid Andes of North-Central Chile, Water, 12, 1071, 2020b.
a,
b,
c
Wagner, F., Mollaret, C., Günther, T., Kemna, A., and Hauck, C.: Quantitative imaging of water, ice and air in permafrost systems through petrophysical joint inversion of seismic refraction and electrical resistivity data, Geophys. J. Int., 219, 1866–1875, 2019.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i,
j,
k
White, D.: Two-Dimensional Seismic Refraction Tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 97, 223–245, 1989. a
Winkler, G., Wagner, T., Pauritsch, M., Birk, S., Kellerer-Pirklbauer, A., Benischke, R., Leis, A., Morawetz, R., Schreilechner, M. G., and Hergarten, S.: Identification and assessment of groundwater flow and storage components of the relict Schöneben Rock Glacier, Niedere Tauern Range, Eastern Alps (Austria), Hydrogeol. J., 24, 937–953, 2016. a
Yáñez, G., Renero, C., von Huene, R., and Díaz, J.: Magnetic anomaly interpretation across the southern-central Andes (32–34 S): The role of the Juan Fernández Ridge in the late Tertiary evolution of the margin, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 106, 6325–6345, 2001. a
