The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 15, issue 1
Articles | Volume 15, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-49-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-49-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 15, issue 1
Research article
 | 
05 Jan 2021
Research article |  | 05 Jan 2021

Continuous in situ measurements of anchor ice formation, growth, and release

Tadros R. Ghobrial and Mark R. Loewen

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Short summary
Anchor ice typically forms on riverbeds during freeze-up and can alter the river ice regime. Most of the knowledge on anchor ice mechanisms has been attributed to lab experiments. This study presents for the first time insights into anchor ice initiation, growth, and release in rivers using an underwater camera system. Three stages of growth and modes of release have been identified. These results will improve modelling capabilities in predicting the effect of anchor ice on river ice regimes.
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