Articles | Volume 15, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1697-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Apr 2021
Research article |
| 07 Apr 2021
| 07 Apr 2021
Modeling intensive ocean–cryosphere interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica
Kazuya Kusahara
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC),
Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0001, Japan
Daisuke Hirano
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo,
Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido,
001-0021, Japan
Masakazu Fujii
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518,
Japan
Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Alexander D. Fraser
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania,
Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
Takeshi Tamura
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518,
Japan
Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
Related authors
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, Takeshi Tamura, Kohei Mizobata, Guy D. Williams, and Shigeru Aoki
The Cryosphere, 18, 43–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves, East Antarctica. We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model to better understand regional interactions between ocean, sea ice, and ice shelf. We found that a combination of warm ocean water and local sea ice production influences the regional ice shelf basal melting. Furthermore, the model reproduced the summertime undercurrent on the upper continental slope, regulating ocean heat transport onto the continental shelf.
Joey J. Voermans, Alexander D. Fraser, Jill Brouwer, Michael H. Meylan, Qingxiang Liu, and Alexander V. Babanin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2104, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2104, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Limited measurements of waves in sea ice exist, preventing our understanding of wave attenuation in sea ice under a wide range of ice conditions. Using satellite observations from ICESat-2 we observe an overall linear increase of the wave attenuation rate with distance into the marginal ice zone. While attenuation may vary greatly locally, this finding may provide opportunities for the modelling of waves in sea ice at global and climate scales when such fine detail may not be needed.
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, Takeshi Tamura, Kohei Mizobata, Guy D. Williams, and Shigeru Aoki
The Cryosphere, 18, 43–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves, East Antarctica. We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model to better understand regional interactions between ocean, sea ice, and ice shelf. We found that a combination of warm ocean water and local sea ice production influences the regional ice shelf basal melting. Furthermore, the model reproduced the summertime undercurrent on the upper continental slope, regulating ocean heat transport onto the continental shelf.
Lingwei Zhang, Tessa R. Vance, Alexander D. Fraser, Lenneke M. Jong, Sarah S. Thompson, Alison S. Criscitiello, and Nerilie J. Abram
The Cryosphere, 17, 5155–5173, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5155-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5155-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Physical features in ice cores provide unique records of past variability. We identified 1–2 mm ice layers without bubbles in surface ice cores from Law Dome, East Antarctica, occurring on average five times per year. The origin of these bubble-free layers is unknown. In this study, we investigate whether they have the potential to record past atmospheric processes and circulation. We find that the bubble-free layers are linked to accumulation hiatus events and meridional moisture transport.
Jill Brouwer, Alexander D. Fraser, Damian J. Murphy, Pat Wongpan, Alberto Alberello, Alison Kohout, Christopher Horvat, Simon Wotherspoon, Robert A. Massom, Jessica Cartwright, and Guy D. Williams
The Cryosphere, 16, 2325–2353, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The marginal ice zone is the region where ocean waves interact with sea ice. Although this important region influences many sea ice, ocean and biological processes, it has been difficult to accurately measure on a large scale from satellite instruments. We present new techniques for measuring wave attenuation using the NASA ICESat-2 laser altimeter. By measuring how waves attenuate within the sea ice, we show that the marginal ice zone may be far wider than previously realised.
Tian R. Tian, Alexander D. Fraser, Noriaki Kimura, Chen Zhao, and Petra Heil
The Cryosphere, 16, 1299–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1299-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1299-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a comprehensive validation of a satellite observational sea ice motion product in Antarctica by using drifting buoys. Two problems existing in this sea ice motion product have been noticed. After rectifying problems, we use it to investigate the impacts of satellite observational configuration and timescale on Antarctic sea ice kinematics and suggest the future improvement of satellite missions specifically designed for retrieval of sea ice motion.
Jessica Cartwright, Alexander D. Fraser, and Richard Porter-Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 479–490, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-479-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-479-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Due to the scale and remote nature of the polar regions, it is essential to use satellite remote sensing to monitor and understand them and their dynamics. Here we present data from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), processed in a manner proven for use in cryosphere studies. The data have been processed on three timescales (5 d, 2 d and 1 d) in order to optimise temporal resolution as each of the three MetOp satellites is launched.
Alexander D. Fraser, Robert A. Massom, Mark S. Handcock, Phillip Reid, Kay I. Ohshima, Marilyn N. Raphael, Jessica Cartwright, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Zhaohui Wang, and Richard Porter-Smith
The Cryosphere, 15, 5061–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5061-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Landfast ice is sea ice that remains stationary by attaching to Antarctica's coastline and grounded icebergs. Although a variable feature, landfast ice exerts influence on key coastal processes involving pack ice, the ice sheet, ocean, and atmosphere and is of ecological importance. We present a first analysis of change in landfast ice over an 18-year period and quantify trends (−0.19 ± 0.18 % yr−1). This analysis forms a reference of landfast-ice extent and variability for use in other studies.
Camilla K. Crockart, Tessa R. Vance, Alexander D. Fraser, Nerilie J. Abram, Alison S. Criscitiello, Mark A. J. Curran, Vincent Favier, Ailie J. E. Gallant, Christoph Kittel, Helle A. Kjær, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Lenneke M. Jong, Andrew D. Moy, Christopher T. Plummer, Paul T. Vallelonga, Jonathan Wille, and Lingwei Zhang
Clim. Past, 17, 1795–1818, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1795-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1795-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present preliminary analyses of the annual sea salt concentrations and snowfall accumulation in a new East Antarctic ice core, Mount Brown South. We compare this record with an updated Law Dome (Dome Summit South site) ice core record over the period 1975–2016. The Mount Brown South record preserves a stronger and inverse signal for the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (in austral winter and spring) compared to the Law Dome record (in summer).
Richard Porter-Smith, John McKinlay, Alexander D. Fraser, and Robert A. Massom
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3103–3114, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3103-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3103-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the characteristic complexity
signaturesaround the Antarctic outer coastal margin, giving a multiscale estimate of the magnitude and direction of undulation or complexity at each point location along the entire coastline. It has numerous applications for both geophysical and biological studies and will contribute to Antarctic research requiring quantitative information about this important interface.
Alexander D. Fraser, Robert A. Massom, Kay I. Ohshima, Sascha Willmes, Peter J. Kappes, Jessica Cartwright, and Richard Porter-Smith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2987–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Landfast ice, or
fast ice, is a form of sea ice which is mechanically fastened to stationary parts of the coast. Long-term and accurate knowledge of its extent around Antarctica is critical for understanding a number of important Antarctic coastal processes, yet no accurate, large-scale, long-term dataset of its extent has been available. We address this data gap with this new dataset compiled from satellite imagery, containing high-resolution maps of Antarctic fast ice from 2000 to 2018.
Stefanie Arndt, Mario Hoppmann, Holger Schmithüsen, Alexander D. Fraser, and Marcel Nicolaus
The Cryosphere, 14, 2775–2793, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2775-2020, 2020
Bruce L. Greaves, Andrew T. Davidson, Alexander D. Fraser, John P. McKinlay, Andrew Martin, Andrew McMinn, and Simon W. Wright
Biogeosciences, 17, 3815–3835, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3815-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3815-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We observed that variation in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) over 11 years showed a relationship with the species composition of hard-shelled phytoplankton in the seasonal ice zone (SIZ) of the Southern Ocean. Phytoplankton in the SIZ are productive during the southern spring and summer when the area is ice-free, with production feeding most Antarctic life. The SAM is known to be increasing with climate change, and changes in phytoplankton in the SIZ may have implications for higher life forms.
Mana Inoue, Mark A. J. Curran, Andrew D. Moy, Tas D. van Ommen, Alexander D. Fraser, Helen E. Phillips, and Ian D. Goodwin
Clim. Past, 13, 437–453, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-437-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-437-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A 120 m ice core from Mill Island, East Antarctica, was studied its chemical components. The Mill Island ice core contains 97 years of climate record (1913–2009) and has a mean snow accumulation of 1.35 m yr−1 (ice equivalent). Trace ion concentrations were generally higher than other Antarctic ice core sites. Nearby sea ice concentration was found to influence the annual mean sea salt record. The Mill Island ice core records are unexpectedly complex, with strong modulation of the trace chemistry.
J. L. Lieser, M. A. J. Curran, A. R. Bowie, A. T. Davidson, S. J. Doust, A. D. Fraser, B. K. Galton-Fenzi, R. A. Massom, K. M. Meiners, J. Melbourne-Thomas, P. A. Reid, P. G. Strutton, T. R. Vance, M. Vancoppenolle, K. J. Westwood, and S. W. Wright
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-6187-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-6187-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Related subject area
Discipline: Other | Subject: Ocean Interactions
Ice mélange melt changes observed water column stratification at a tidewater glacier in Greenland
Ice-shelf freshwater triggers for the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf melt tipping point in a global ocean–sea-ice model
Fjord circulation induced by melting icebergs
The macronutrient and micronutrient (iron and manganese) signature of icebergs
Modeling seasonal-to-decadal ocean–cryosphere interactions along the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica
Impact of icebergs on the seasonal submarine melt of Sermeq Kujalleq
Reversal of ocean gyres near ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea caused by the interaction of sea ice and wind
Impact of freshwater runoff from the southwest Greenland Ice Sheet on fjord productivity since the late 19th century
Drivers for Atlantic-origin waters abutting Greenland
Impact of West Antarctic ice shelf melting on Southern Ocean hydrography
Ice island thinning: rates and model calibration with in situ observations from Baffin Bay, Nunavut
Quantifying iceberg calving fluxes with underwater noise
Modeling the effect of Ross Ice Shelf melting on the Southern Ocean in quasi-equilibrium
Nicole Abib, David A. Sutherland, Rachel Peterson, Ginny Catania, Jonathan D. Nash, Emily L. Shroyer, Leigh A. Stearns, and Timothy C. Bartholomaus
The Cryosphere, 18, 4817–4829, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4817-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4817-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The melting of ice mélange, or dense packs of icebergs and sea ice in glacial fjords, can influence the water column by releasing cold fresh water deep under the ocean surface. However, direct observations of this process have remained elusive. We use measurements of ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity bookending an episodic ice mélange event to show that this meltwater input changes the density profile of a glacial fjord and has implications for understanding tidewater glacier change.
Matthew J. Hoffman, Carolyn Branecky Begeman, Xylar S. Asay-Davis, Darin Comeau, Alice Barthel, Stephen F. Price, and Jonathan D. Wolfe
The Cryosphere, 18, 2917–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2917-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2917-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica is susceptible to the intrusion of deep, warm ocean water that could increase the melting at the ice-shelf base by a factor of 10. We show that representing this potential melt regime switch in a low-resolution climate model requires careful treatment of iceberg melting and ocean mixing. We also demonstrate a possible ice-shelf melt domino effect where increased melting of nearby ice shelves can lead to the melt regime switch at Filchner–Ronne.
Kenneth G. Hughes
The Cryosphere, 18, 1315–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A mathematical and conceptual model of how the melting of hundreds of icebergs generates currents within a fjord.
Jana Krause, Dustin Carroll, Juan Höfer, Jeremy Donaire, Eric Pieter Achterberg, Emilio Alarcón, Te Liu, Lorenz Meire, Kechen Zhu, and Mark James Hopwood
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2991, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2991, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Icebergs are a mechanism via which the cryosphere and ocean interact. Here we analyzed ice samples from both Arctic and Antarctic polar regions to assess the variability in the composition of calved ice. Our results show that low concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in ice are primarily atmospheric in origin, whereas sediments impart a low concentration of silica and modest concentrations of trace metals, especially iron and manganese.
Kazuya Kusahara, Daisuke Hirano, Masakazu Fujii, Alexander D. Fraser, Takeshi Tamura, Kohei Mizobata, Guy D. Williams, and Shigeru Aoki
The Cryosphere, 18, 43–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-43-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the Totten and Moscow University ice shelves, East Antarctica. We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model to better understand regional interactions between ocean, sea ice, and ice shelf. We found that a combination of warm ocean water and local sea ice production influences the regional ice shelf basal melting. Furthermore, the model reproduced the summertime undercurrent on the upper continental slope, regulating ocean heat transport onto the continental shelf.
Karita Kajanto, Fiammetta Straneo, and Kerim Nisancioglu
The Cryosphere, 17, 371–390, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-371-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-371-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Many outlet glaciers in Greenland are connected to the ocean by narrow glacial fjords, where warm water melts the glacier from underneath. Ocean water is modified in these fjords through processes that are poorly understood, particularly iceberg melt. We use a model to show how iceberg melt cools down Ilulissat Icefjord and causes circulation to take place deeper in the fjord than if there were no icebergs. This causes the glacier to melt less and from a smaller area than without icebergs.
Yixi Zheng, David P. Stevens, Karen J. Heywood, Benjamin G. M. Webber, and Bastien Y. Queste
The Cryosphere, 16, 3005–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3005-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3005-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New observations reveal the Thwaites gyre in a habitually ice-covered region in the Amundsen Sea for the first time. This gyre rotates anticlockwise, despite the wind here favouring clockwise gyres like the Pine Island Bay gyre – the only other ocean gyre reported in the Amundsen Sea. We use an ocean model to suggest that sea ice alters the wind stress felt by the ocean and hence determines the gyre direction and strength. These processes may also be applied to other gyres in polar oceans.
Mimmi Oksman, Anna Bang Kvorning, Signe Hillerup Larsen, Kristian Kjellerup Kjeldsen, Kenneth David Mankoff, William Colgan, Thorbjørn Joest Andersen, Niels Nørgaard-Pedersen, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Naja Mikkelsen, and Sofia Ribeiro
The Cryosphere, 16, 2471–2491, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2471-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
One of the questions facing the cryosphere community today is how increasing runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet impacts marine ecosystems. To address this, long-term data are essential. Here, we present multi-site records of fjord productivity for SW Greenland back to the 19th century. We show a link between historical freshwater runoff and productivity, which is strongest in the inner fjord – influenced by marine-terminating glaciers – where productivity has increased since the late 1990s.
Laura C. Gillard, Xianmin Hu, Paul G. Myers, Mads Hvid Ribergaard, and Craig M. Lee
The Cryosphere, 14, 2729–2753, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2729-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2729-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Greenland's glaciers in contact with the ocean drain the majority of the ice sheet (GrIS). Deep troughs along the shelf branch into fjords, connecting glaciers with ocean waters. The heat from the ocean entering deep troughs may then accelerate the mass loss. Onshore heat transport through troughs was investigated with an ocean model. Processes that drive the delivery of ocean heat respond differently by region to increasing GrIS meltwater, mean circulation, and filtering out of storms.
Yoshihiro Nakayama, Ralph Timmermann, and Hartmut H. Hellmer
The Cryosphere, 14, 2205–2216, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2205-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2205-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies have shown accelerations of West Antarctic glaciers, implying that basal melt rates of these glaciers were small and increased in the middle of the 20th century. We conduct coupled sea ice–ice shelf–ocean simulations with different levels of ice shelf melting from West Antarctic glaciers. This study reveals how far and how quickly glacial meltwater from ice shelves in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas propagates downstream into the Ross Sea and along the East Antarctic coast.
Anna J. Crawford, Derek Mueller, Gregory Crocker, Laurent Mingo, Luc Desjardins, Dany Dumont, and Marcel Babin
The Cryosphere, 14, 1067–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1067-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1067-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large tabular icebergs (
ice islands) are symbols of climate change as well as marine hazards. We measured thickness along radar transects over two visits to a 14 km2 Arctic ice island and left automated equipment to monitor surface ablation and thickness over 1 year. We assess variation in thinning rates and calibrate an ice–ocean melt model with field data. Our work contributes to understanding ice island deterioration via logistically complex fieldwork in a remote environment.
Oskar Glowacki and Grant B. Deane
The Cryosphere, 14, 1025–1042, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1025-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1025-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Marine-terminating glaciers are shrinking rapidly in response to the warming climate and thus provide large quantities of fresh water to the ocean system. However, accurate estimates of ice loss at the ice–ocean boundary are difficult to obtain. Here we demonstrate that ice mass loss from iceberg break-off (calving) can be measured by analyzing the underwater noise generated as icebergs impact the sea surface.
Xiying Liu
The Cryosphere, 12, 3033–3044, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3033-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3033-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical experiments have been performed to study the effect of basal melting of the Ross Ice Shelf on the ocean southward of 35° S. It is shown that the melt rate averaged over the entire Ross Ice Shelf is 0.253 m year-1, which is associated with a freshwater flux of 3150 m3 s-1. The extra freshwater flux decreases the salinity in the Southern Ocean substantially, leading to anomalies in circulation, sea ice, and heat transport in certain parts of the ocean.
Cited articles
Adcroft, A., Hill, C., and Marshall, J.: Representation of Topography by
Shaved Cells in a Height Coordinate Ocean Model, Mon. Weather Rev., 125,
2293–2315, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<2293:rotbsc>2.0.co;2, 2002.
Amante, C. and Eakins, B. W.: ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model:
Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis, NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24, National Geophysical Data Center, Marine Geology and Geophysics Division, Boulder, CO, USA, 2009.
Aoki, S.: Breakup of land-fast sea ice in Lützow-Holm Bay, East
Antarctica, and its teleconnection to tropical Pacific sea surface
temperatures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 3219–3227,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072835, 2017.
Armitage, T. W. K., Kwok, R., Thompson, A. F., and Cunningham, G.: Dynamic
Topography and Sea Level Anomalies of the Southern Ocean: Variability and
Teleconnections, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 123, 613–630,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013534, 2018.
Assmann, K. M., Jenkins, A., Shoosmith, D. R., Walker, D. P., Jacobs, S. S.,
and Nicholls, K. W.: Variability of circumpolar deep water transport onto
the Amundsen Sea Continental shelf through a shelf break trough, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 118, 6603–6620, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC008871, 2013.
Bitz, C. M. and Lipscomb, W. H.: An energy-conserving thermodynamic model of
sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15669–15677, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900100,
1999.
Chavanne, C. P., Heywood, K. J., Nicholls, K. W., and Fer, I.: Observations
of the Antarctic Slope undercurrent in the Southeastern Weddell Sea,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13601, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043603, 2010.
Conkright, M., Levitus, S., O'Brien, T., Boyer, T. P., Stephens, C.,
Johnson, D., Baranova, O., Antonov, J., Gelfeld, R., Rochester, J., and Forgy,
C.: World Ocean Database 1998: Documentation and quality control version
2.0, National Oceanographic Data Center, Internal Report, Silver Spring, USA, available at: https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/1173/noaa_1173_DS1.pdf (last access: 18 August 2020), 1999.
Convey, P., Bindschadler, R., di Prisco, G., Fahrbach, E., Gutt, J.,
Hodgson, D. A., Mayewski, P. A., Summerhayes, C. P., and Turner, J.:
Antarctic climate change and the environment, Antarct. Sci., 21, 541,
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102009990642, 2009.
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P.,
Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P.,
Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N.,
Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S.
B., Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P.,
Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., Mcnally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M.,
Morcrette, J. J., Park, B. K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C.,
Thépaut, J. N., and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration
and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,
137, 553–597, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828, 2011.
Depoorter, M. A., Bamber, J. L., Griggs, J. A., Lenaerts, J. T. M.,
Ligtenberg, S. R. M., van den Broeke, M. R., and Moholdt, G.: Calving fluxes
and basal melt rates of Antarctic ice shelves, Nature, 502, 89–92,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12567, 2013.
Dotto, T. S., Naveira Garabato, A., Bacon, S., Tsamados, M., Holland, P. R.,
Hooley, J., Frajka-Williams, E., Ridout, A., and Meredith, M. P.: Variability
of the Ross Gyre, Southern Ocean: Drivers and Responses Revealed by
Satellite Altimetry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 6195–6204,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078607, 2018.
Fraser, A. D., Massom, R. A., Michael, K. J., Galton-Fenzi, B. K., and
Lieser, J. L.: East antarctic landfast sea ice distribution and variability,
2000–2008, J. Climate, 25, 1137–1156, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-10-05032.1, 2012.
Fraser, A. D., Ohshima, K. I., Nihashi, S., Massom, R. A., Tamura, T.,
Nakata, K., Williams, G. D., Carpentier, S., and Willmes, S.: Landfast ice
controls on sea-ice production in the Cape Darnley Polynya: A case study,
Remote Sens. Environ., 233, 111315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111315, 2019.
Fraser, A. D., Massom, R. A., Ohshima, K. I., Willmes, S., Kappes, P. J., Cartwright, J., and Porter-Smith, R.: High-resolution mapping of circum-Antarctic landfast sea ice distribution, 2000–2018, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2987–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2987-2020, 2020.
Giles, A. B., Massom, R. A., and Lytle, V. I.: Fast-ice distribution in East
Antarctica during 1997 and 1999 determined using RADARSAT data, J. Geophys.
Res., 113, C02S14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004139, 2008.
Gille, S. T., McKee, D. C., and Martinson, D. G.: Temporal changes in the
Antarctic circumpolar current: Implications for the Antarctic continental
shelves, Oceanography, 29, 96–105, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.102, 2016.
Gordon, A. L.: Current Systems in the Southern Ocean, in: Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences,
Second Edition, edited by: Steele, J. H., Academic Press, Oxford, 735–743, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00369-6, 2008.
Gwyther, D. E., Kusahara, K., Asay-Davis, X. S., Dinniman, M. S., and
Galton-Fenzi, B. K.: Vertical processes and resolution impact ice shelf
basal melting: A multi-model study, Ocean Model., 147, 101569,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101569, 2020.
Hellmer, H. H. and Olbers, D. J.: A two-dimensional model for the
thermohaline circulation under an ice shelf, Antarct. Sci., 1, 325–336,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102089000490, 1989.
Heywood, K. J., Locarnini, R. A., Frew, R. D., Dennis, P. F., and King, B.
A.: Transport and Water Masses of the Antarctic Slope Front System in The
Eastern Weddell Sea, in: Ocean, Ice, and Atmosphere: Interactions at the Antarctic Continental Margin, edited by: Jacobs, S. S. and Weiss, R. F., American Geophysical Union, 203–214, 1998.
Hibler, W. D.: A dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
9, 815–846, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1979)009<0815:ADTSIM>2.0.CO;2, 1979.
Hirano, D., Tamura, T., Kusahara, K., Ohshima, K. I., Nicholls, K. W.,
Ushio, S., Simizu, D., Ono, K., Fujii, M., Nogi, Y., and Aoki, S.: Strong
ice-ocean interaction beneath Shirase Glacier Tongue in East Antarctica,
Nat. Commun., 11, 4221, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17527-4, 2020.
Holland, D. M. and Jenkins, A.: Modeling thermodynamic ice-ocean
interactions at the base of an ice shelf, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29,
1787–1800, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1787:MTIOIA>2.0.CO;2, 1999.
Hunke, E. C. and Dukowicz, J. K.: An elastic-viscous-plastic model for sea
ice dynamics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1849–1867,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1849:AEVPMF>2.0.CO;2,
1997.
IOC, IHO and BODC: GEBCO Digital Atlas. Centenary, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, International Hydrographic Organization and British Oceanographic Data Centre, available at: http://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gebco_digital_atlas/ (last access: 18 August 2020), 2003.
Jacobs, S. S., Hellmer, H. H., and Jenkins, A.: Antarctic Ice Sheet melting
in the southeast Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 957,
https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL00723, 1996.
Jenkins, A., Shoosmith, D., Dutrieux, P., Jacobs, S., Kim, T. W., Lee, S.
H., Ha, H. K., and Stammerjohn, S.: West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat in the
Amundsen Sea driven by decadal oceanic variability, Nat. Geosci., 11, 733–738,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0207-4, 2018.
Kara, A. B., Rochford, P. A., and Hurlburt, H. E.: Efficient and accurate
bulk parameterizations of air-sea fluxes for use in general circulation
models, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 17, 1421–1438,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<1421:EAABPO>2.0.CO;2,
2000.
Kusahara, K. and Hasumi, H.: Modeling Antarctic ice shelf responses to
future climate changes and impacts on the ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
118, 2454–2475, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20166, 2013.
Kusahara, K. and Hasumi, H.: Pathways of basal meltwater from Antarctic ice
shelves: A model study, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 119, 5690–5704,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC009915, 2014.
Kusahara, K., Hasumi, H., and Tamura, T.: Modeling sea ice production and
dense shelf water formation in coastal polynyas around East Antarctica, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115, C10006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006133, 2010.
Kusahara, K., Williams, G. D., Tamura, T., Massom, R., and Hasumi, H.: Dense
shelf water spreading from Antarctic coastal polynyas to the deep Southern
Ocean: A regional circumpolar model study, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122,
6238–6253, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012911, 2017.
Kusahara, K., Hirano, D., Fujii, M., Fraser, A., and Tamura, T.: Data for “Modeling intensive ocean-cyrosphere interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica”, Mendeley Data, V1, https://doi.org/10.17632/z6w4xd6s3s.1, 2021.
Losch, M.: Modeling ice shelf cavities in a z coordinate ocean general
circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C08043, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004368,
2008.
Marsland, S. J., Bindoff, N. L., Williams, G. D., and Budd, W. F.: Modeling
water mass formation in the Mertz Glacier Polynya and Adélie Depression,
East Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C11003,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002441, 2004.
Marsland, S. J., Church, J. A., Bindoff, N. L., and Williams, G. D.:
Antarctic coastal polynya response to climate change, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 112, C07009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003291, 2007.
Massom, R. A., Hill, K. L., Lytle, V. I., Worby, A. P., Paget, M. J., and
Allison, I.: Effects of regional fast-ice and iceberg distributions on the
behaviour of the Mertz Glacier polynya, East Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 33,
391–398, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756401781818518, 2001.
Massom, R. A., Giles, B., Fricker, H. A., Warner, R. C., Legrésy, B.,
Hyland, G., Young, N., and Fraser, A. D.: Examining the interaction between
multi-year landfast sea ice and the Mertz Glacier Tongue, East Antarctica:
Another factor in ice sheet stability?, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 115,
1–15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC006083, 2010.
McCartney, M. S. and Donohue, K. A.: A deep cyclonic gyre in the
Australian-Antarctic Basin, Prog. Oceanogr., 75, 675–750,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2007.02.008, 2007.
Mellor, G. L. and Kantha, L.: An ice-ocean coupled model, J. Geophys. Res.,
94, 10937–10954, 1989.
Mizobata, K., Shimada, K., Aoki, S., and Kitade, Y.: The Cyclonic Eddy Train
in the Indian Ocean Sector of the Southern Ocean as Revealed by Satellite
Radar Altimeters and In Situ Measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015994,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015994, 2020.
Morales Maqueda, M. A., Willmott, A. J., and Biggs, N. R. T.: Polynya
Dynamics: A review of observations and modeling, Rev. Geophys., 42, RG1004,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002RG000116, 2004.
Moriwaki, K. and Yoshida, Y.: Submarine topography of Lutzow Holm Bay,
Antarctica, Mem. Inst. Polar Res. Tokyo, 28, 247–258, 1983.
Nakamura, K., Doi, K., and Shibuya, K.: Fluctuations in the flow velocity of
the Antarctic Shirase Glacier over an 11-year period, Polar Sci., 4, 443–455,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2010.04.010, 2010.
Nihashi, S. and Ohshima, K. I.: Circumpolar mapping of Antarctic coastal
polynyas and landfast sea ice: relationship and variability, J. Climate,
28, 3650–3670, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00369.1, 2015.
Nitsche, F. O., Porter, D., Williams, G., Cougnon, E. A., Fraser, A. D.,
Correia, R., and Guerrero, R.: Bathymetric control of warm ocean water access
along the East Antarctic Margin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 8936–8944,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074433, 2017.
NOAA: ETOPO5 5-minute gridded elevation data, available at:
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/etopo5.HTML (last access: 2 May 2012), 1988.
Noh, Y. and Kim, H. J.: Simulations of temperature and turbulence structure
of the oceanic boundary layer with the improved near-surface process, J.
Geophys. Res., 104, 15621, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC900068, 1999.
Núñez-Riboni, I. and Fahrbach, E.: Seasonal variability of the
Antarctic Coastal Current and its driving mechanisms in the Weddell Sea,
Deep Sea Res. Pt. I, 56, 1927–1941,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.06.005, 2009.
Ohshima, K. I.: Effect of landfast sea ice on coastal currents driven by the
wind, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 105, 17133–17141,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jc900081, 2000.
Ohshima, K. I., Takizawa, T., Ushio, S., and Kawamura, T.: Seasonal
variations of the Antarctic coastal ocean in the vicinity of Lützow-Holm
Bay, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20617, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC01752, 1996.
Paolo, F. S., Fricker, H. A., and Padman, L.: Volume loss from Antarctic ice
shelves is accelerating, Science, 348, 327–331,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa0940, 2015.
Peña-Molino, B., McCartney, M. S., and Rintoul, S. R.: Direct
observations of the Antarctic Slope Current transport at 113°E,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 7390–7407, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011594,
2016.
Rignot, E.: Mass balance of East Antarctic glaciers and ice shelves from
satellite data, Ann. Glaciol., 34, 217–227, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817419,
2002.
Rignot, E., Velicogna, I., Van Den Broeke, M. R., Monaghan, A., and Lenaerts,
J.: Acceleration of the contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic ice
sheets to sea level rise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L05503,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046583, 2011.
Rignot, E., Jacobs, S., Mouginot, J., and Scheuchl, B.: Ice-shelf melting
around Antarctica, Science, 341, 266–270,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235798, 2013.
Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., Scheuchl, B., Van Den Broeke, M., Van Wessem, M.
J., and Morlighem, M.: Four decades of Antarctic ice sheet mass balance from
1979–2017, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 1095–1103,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812883116, 2019.
Rintoul, S. R., Silvano, A., Pena-Molino, B., van Wijk, E., Rosenberg, M.,
Greenbaum, J. S., and Blankenship, D. D.: Ocean heat drives rapid basal melt
of the Totten Ice Shelf, Sci. Adv., 2, e1601610, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601610, 2016.
Ryan, S., Schröder, M., Huhn, O., and Timmermann, R.: On the warm inflow
at the eastern boundary of the Weddell Gyre, Deep Sea Res. Pt. I, 107, 70–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.11.002, 2016.
Schaffer, J. and Timmermann, R.: Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet topography, cavity geometry, and global bathymetry (RTopo-2), links to NetCDF files, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.856844, 2016.
Schaffer, J., Timmermann, R., Arndt, J. E., Kristensen, S. S., Mayer, C., Morlighem, M., and Steinhage, D.: A global, high-resolution data set of ice sheet topography, cavity geometry, and ocean bathymetry, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 543–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-543-2016, 2016.
Silvano, A., Rintoul, S., and Herraiz-Borreguero, L.: Ocean-Ice Shelf
Interaction in East Antarctica, Oceanography, 29, 130–143, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2016.105,
2016.
Silvano, A., Rintoul, S. R., Peña-Molino, B., Hobbs, W. R., Van Wijk,
E., Aoki, S., Tamura, T., and Williams, G. D.: Freshening by glacial
meltwater enhances melting of ice shelves and reduces formation of Antarctic
Bottom Water, Sci. Adv., 4, eaap9467, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap9467, 2018.
Silvano, A., Rintoul, S. R., Kusahara, K., Peña-Molino, B., van Wijk,
E., Gwyther, D. E., and Williams, G. D.: Seasonality of Warm Water Intrusions
Onto the Continental Shelf Near the Totten Glacier, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
124, 4272–4289, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014634, 2019.
Smedsrud, L. H., Jenkins, A., Holland, D. M., and Nøst, O. A.: Modeling
ocean processes below Fimbulisen, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
111, C01107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC002915, 2006.
Steele, M., Steele, M., Morley, R., Morley, R., Ermold, W., and Ermold, W.:
PHC: A global ocean hydrography with a high quality Arctic Ocean, J. Climate,
14, 2079–2087, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442, 2001.
Tamura, T., Ohshima, K. I., and Nihashi, S.: Mapping of sea ice production
for Antarctic coastal polynyas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L07606,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032903, 2008.
Tamura, T., Ohshima, K. I., Fraser, A. D., and Williams, G. D.: Sea ice
production variability in Antarctic coastal polynyas, J. Geophys. Res., 121,
2967–2979, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011486, 2016.
Thompson, A. F., Stewart, A. L., Spence, P., and Heywood, K. J.: The
Antarctic Slope Current in a Changing Climate, Rev. Geophys., 56,
741–770, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000624, 2018.
Timmermann, R., Le Brocq, A., Deen, T., Domack, E., Dutrieux, P., Galton-Fenzi, B., Hellmer, H., Humbert, A., Jansen, D., Jenkins, A., Lambrecht, A., Makinson, K., Niederjasper, F., Nitsche, F., Nøst, O. A., Smedsrud, L. H., and Smith, W. H. F.: A consistent data set of Antarctic ice sheet topography, cavity geometry, and global bathymetry, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 2, 261–273, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-261-2010, 2010a.
Timmermann, R., Le Brocq, A. M., Deen, T. J., Domack, E. W., Dutrieux, P., Galton-Fenzi, B., Hellmer, H. H., Humbert, A., Jansen, D., Jenkins, A., Lambrecht, A., Makinson, K., Niederjasper, F., Nitsche, F.-O., Nøst, O. A., Smedsrud, L., Smith, H. W.: Antarctic ice sheet topography, cavity geometry, and global bathymetry (RTopo 1.0.5-beta), PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.741917, 2010b.
Turner, J., Bindschadler, R. A., Convey, P., Di Prisco, G., Fahrbach, E.,
Gutt, J., Hodgson, D. A., Mayewski, P. A., and Summerhayes, C. (Eds.): Antarctic
Climate Change and the Environment, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research Institute, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK, 2009.
Ushio, S.: Factors affecting fast-ice break-up frequency in Lützow-Holm
Bay, Antarctica, Ann. Glaciol., 44, 177–182,
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756406781811835, 2006.
Walker, D. P., Jenkins, A., Assmann, K. M., Shoosmith, D. R., and Brandon, M.
A.: Oceanographic observations at the shelf break of the Amundsen Sea,
Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 2906–2918,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20212, 2013.
Zhao, J., Cheng, B., Vihma, T., Heil, P., Hui, F., Shu, Q., Zhang, L., and
Yang, Q.: Fast Ice Prediction System (FIPS) for land-fast sea ice at Prydz
Bay, East Antarctica: an operational service for CHINARE, Ann. Glaciol., online first, https://doi.org/10.1017/aog.2020.46, 2020.
Short summary
We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model with a 2–3 km horizontal resolution to investigate ocean–ice shelf/glacier interactions in Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica. The numerical model reproduced the observed warm water intrusion along the deep trough in the bay. We examined in detail (1) water mass changes between the upper continental slope and shelf regions and (2) the fast-ice role in the ocean conditions and basal melting at the Shirase Glacier tongue.
We used an ocean–sea ice–ice shelf model with a 2–3 km horizontal resolution to investigate...
