Articles | Volume 9, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1955-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1955-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Oct 2015
Research article |
| 15 Oct 2015
Lead detection in Arctic sea ice from CryoSat-2: quality assessment, lead area fraction and width distribution
A. Wernecke
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
L. Kaleschke
Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Cited
53 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Error assessment of satellite-derived lead fraction in the Arctic N. Ivanova et al. 10.5194/tc-10-585-2016
- Arctic Wintertime Sea Ice Lead Detection From Sentinel-1 SAR Images S. Chen et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2024.3444045
- Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx): 2. Evaluating Linear Kinematic Features in High‐Resolution Sea Ice Simulations N. Hutter et al. 10.1029/2021JC017666
- Discrimination of different sea ice types from CryoSat-2 satellite data using an Object-based Random Forest (ORF) S. Shu et al. 10.1080/01490419.2019.1671560
- The potential of sea ice leads as a predictor for summer Arctic sea ice extent Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/tc-12-3747-2018
- Wind, Convection and Fetch Dependence of Gas Transfer Velocity in an Arctic Sea‐Ice Lead Determined From Eddy Covariance CO2 Flux Measurements J. Prytherch & M. Yelland 10.1029/2020GB006633
- A lead-width distribution for Antarctic sea ice: a case study for the Weddell Sea with high-resolution Sentinel-2 images M. Muchow et al. 10.5194/tc-15-4527-2021
- The Influence of Arctic Landfast Ice on Seasonal Modulation of the M2 Tide I. Bij de Vaate et al. 10.1029/2020JC016630
- Improved Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval From Satellite Altimetry Using Optimized Sea Surface Decorrelation Scales J. Landy et al. 10.1029/2021JC017466
- An Analysis of Arctic Sea Ice Leads Retrieved from AMSR-E/AMSR2 M. Li et al. 10.3390/rs14040969
- Spring leads in the Beaufort Sea and its interannual trend using Terra/MODIS thermal imagery M. Qu et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112342
- Multi-peak Retracking of CryoSat-2 SARIn Waveforms Over Arctic Sea Ice A. Di Bella et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2020.3022522
- Method for detection of leads from Sentinel-1 SAR images D. Murashkin et al. 10.1017/aog.2018.6
- Machine learning based classification of lake ice and open water from Sentinel-3 SAR altimetry waveforms J. Mugunthan et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113891
- CryoSat: ESA’s ice mission – Eight years in space T. Parrinello et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2018.04.014
- Lead Detection in the Arctic Ocean from Sentinel-3 Satellite Data: A Comprehensive Assessment of Thresholding and Machine Learning Classification Methods I. Bij de Vaate et al. 10.1080/01490419.2022.2089412
- A new Arctic MSS model derived from combined Cryosat-2 and ICESat observations G. Chen et al. 10.1080/17538947.2022.2153181
- Estimating the sea ice floe size distribution using satellite altimetry: theory, climatology, and model comparison C. Horvat et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2869-2019
- SAR Retracking in the Arctic: Development of a year-round retrackers system A. Schulz & M. Naeije 10.1016/j.asr.2018.01.037
- Estimation of turbulent heat flux over leads using satellite thermal images M. Qu et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1565-2019
- Lead detection using Cryosat-2 delay-doppler processing and Sentinel-1 SAR images M. Passaro et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2017.07.011
- Changes in the annual sea ice freeze–thaw cycle in the Arctic Ocean from 2001 to 2018 L. Lin et al. 10.5194/tc-16-4779-2022
- Sea-Ice Wintertime Lead Frequencies and Regional Characteristics in the Arctic, 2003–2015 S. Willmes & G. Heinemann 10.3390/rs8010004
- A New Algorithm for Daily Sea Ice Lead Identification in the Arctic and Antarctic Winter from Thermal-Infrared Satellite Imagery F. Reiser et al. 10.3390/rs12121957
- Monitoring Arctic thin ice: a comparison between CryoSat-2 SAR altimetry data and MODIS thermal-infrared imagery F. Müller et al. 10.5194/tc-17-809-2023
- A model for the Arctic mixed layer circulation under a summertime lead: implications for the near-surface temperature maximum formation A. Alvarez 10.5194/tc-17-3343-2023
- A spectral mixture analysis approach to quantify Arctic first-year sea ice melt pond fraction using QuickBird and MODIS reflectance data J. Yackel et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2017.09.030
- Radar altimetry for classifying surface conditions of subarctic lakes during freezing and thawing periods J. Ziyad et al. 10.1080/01431161.2022.2143733
- Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology R. Kirpes et al. 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00541
- Arctic Sea Ice Lead Detection from Chinese HY-2B Radar Altimeter Data W. Zhong et al. 10.3390/rs15020516
- A Facet-Based Numerical Model for Simulating SAR Altimeter Echoes From Heterogeneous Sea Ice Surfaces J. Landy et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2018.2889763
- Comparative Evaluation of Sea Ice Lead Detection Based on SAR Imagery and Altimeter Data N. Longepe et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2018.2889519
- Lead fractions from SAR-derived sea ice divergence during MOSAiC L. von Albedyll et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1259-2024
- Spatio-temporal variability of small-scale leads based on helicopter maps of winter sea ice surface temperatures L. Thielke et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00023
- Sea ice leads in the Arctic Ocean: Model assessment, interannual variability and trends Q. Wang et al. 10.1002/2016GL068696
- Impact of Changing Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Sea Ice Age, and Snow Depth on Sea Salt Aerosol From Blowing Snow and the Open Ocean for 1980–2017 K. Confer et al. 10.1029/2022JD037667
- Retrieving Sea Level and Freeboard in the Arctic: A Review of Current Radar Altimetry Methodologies and Future Perspectives G. Quartly et al. 10.3390/rs11070881
- The 2018 North Greenland polynya observed by a newly introduced merged optical and passive microwave sea-ice concentration dataset V. Ludwig et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2051-2019
- Atmospheric particle abundance and sea salt aerosol observations in the springtime Arctic: a focus on blowing snow and leads Q. Chen et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022
- Sensitivity of Radar Altimeter Waveform to Changes in Sea Ice Type at Resolution of Synthetic Aperture Radar W. Aldenhoff et al. 10.3390/rs11222602
- Feature-based comparison of sea ice deformation in lead-permitting sea ice simulations N. Hutter & M. Losch 10.5194/tc-14-93-2020
- The Detection and Characterization of Arctic Sea Ice Leads with Satellite Imagers J. Hoffman et al. 10.3390/rs11050521
- Classification of Sea Ice Types in the Arctic by Radar Echoes from SARAL/AltiKa R. Fredensborg Hansen et al. 10.3390/rs13163183
- Arctic lead detection using a waveform mixture algorithm from CryoSat-2 data S. Lee et al. 10.5194/tc-12-1665-2018
- Assessment of Cryosat-2 and SARAL/AltiKa altimetry for measuring inland water and coastal sea level variations: A case study on Tibetan Plateau lake and Taiwan Coast H. Kao et al. 10.1080/01490419.2019.1623352
- Spaceborne thermal infrared observations of Arctic sea ice leads at 30 m resolution Y. Qiu et al. 10.5194/tc-17-2829-2023
- Applications of Deep Learning-Based Super-Resolution Networks for AMSR2 Arctic Sea Ice Images T. Feng et al. 10.3390/rs15225401
- Co-located OLCI optical imagery and SAR altimetry from Sentinel-3 for enhanced Arctic spring sea ice surface classification W. Chen et al. 10.3389/frsen.2024.1401653
- Improving CryoSat-2 SARIn L1b Products to Account for Inaccurate Phase Difference: Impact on Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval A. Di Bella et al. 10.1109/LGRS.2019.2919946
- Leads and ridges in Arctic sea ice from RGPS data and a new tracking algorithm N. Hutter et al. 10.5194/tc-13-627-2019
- Lead Detection in Polar Oceans—A Comparison of Different Classification Methods for Cryosat-2 SAR Data D. Dettmering et al. 10.3390/rs10081190
- A Study of the Technology Used to Distinguish Sea Ice and Seawater on the Haiyang-2A/B (HY-2A/B) Altimeter Data C. Jiang et al. 10.3390/rs11121490
- Wind and wave influences on sea ice floe size and leads in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas during the summer‐fall transition 2014 Y. Wang et al. 10.1002/2015JC011349
52 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Error assessment of satellite-derived lead fraction in the Arctic N. Ivanova et al. 10.5194/tc-10-585-2016
- Arctic Wintertime Sea Ice Lead Detection From Sentinel-1 SAR Images S. Chen et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2024.3444045
- Sea Ice Rheology Experiment (SIREx): 2. Evaluating Linear Kinematic Features in High‐Resolution Sea Ice Simulations N. Hutter et al. 10.1029/2021JC017666
- Discrimination of different sea ice types from CryoSat-2 satellite data using an Object-based Random Forest (ORF) S. Shu et al. 10.1080/01490419.2019.1671560
- The potential of sea ice leads as a predictor for summer Arctic sea ice extent Y. Zhang et al. 10.5194/tc-12-3747-2018
- Wind, Convection and Fetch Dependence of Gas Transfer Velocity in an Arctic Sea‐Ice Lead Determined From Eddy Covariance CO2 Flux Measurements J. Prytherch & M. Yelland 10.1029/2020GB006633
- A lead-width distribution for Antarctic sea ice: a case study for the Weddell Sea with high-resolution Sentinel-2 images M. Muchow et al. 10.5194/tc-15-4527-2021
- The Influence of Arctic Landfast Ice on Seasonal Modulation of the M2 Tide I. Bij de Vaate et al. 10.1029/2020JC016630
- Improved Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval From Satellite Altimetry Using Optimized Sea Surface Decorrelation Scales J. Landy et al. 10.1029/2021JC017466
- An Analysis of Arctic Sea Ice Leads Retrieved from AMSR-E/AMSR2 M. Li et al. 10.3390/rs14040969
- Spring leads in the Beaufort Sea and its interannual trend using Terra/MODIS thermal imagery M. Qu et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112342
- Multi-peak Retracking of CryoSat-2 SARIn Waveforms Over Arctic Sea Ice A. Di Bella et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2020.3022522
- Method for detection of leads from Sentinel-1 SAR images D. Murashkin et al. 10.1017/aog.2018.6
- Machine learning based classification of lake ice and open water from Sentinel-3 SAR altimetry waveforms J. Mugunthan et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113891
- CryoSat: ESA’s ice mission – Eight years in space T. Parrinello et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2018.04.014
- Lead Detection in the Arctic Ocean from Sentinel-3 Satellite Data: A Comprehensive Assessment of Thresholding and Machine Learning Classification Methods I. Bij de Vaate et al. 10.1080/01490419.2022.2089412
- A new Arctic MSS model derived from combined Cryosat-2 and ICESat observations G. Chen et al. 10.1080/17538947.2022.2153181
- Estimating the sea ice floe size distribution using satellite altimetry: theory, climatology, and model comparison C. Horvat et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2869-2019
- SAR Retracking in the Arctic: Development of a year-round retrackers system A. Schulz & M. Naeije 10.1016/j.asr.2018.01.037
- Estimation of turbulent heat flux over leads using satellite thermal images M. Qu et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1565-2019
- Lead detection using Cryosat-2 delay-doppler processing and Sentinel-1 SAR images M. Passaro et al. 10.1016/j.asr.2017.07.011
- Changes in the annual sea ice freeze–thaw cycle in the Arctic Ocean from 2001 to 2018 L. Lin et al. 10.5194/tc-16-4779-2022
- Sea-Ice Wintertime Lead Frequencies and Regional Characteristics in the Arctic, 2003–2015 S. Willmes & G. Heinemann 10.3390/rs8010004
- A New Algorithm for Daily Sea Ice Lead Identification in the Arctic and Antarctic Winter from Thermal-Infrared Satellite Imagery F. Reiser et al. 10.3390/rs12121957
- Monitoring Arctic thin ice: a comparison between CryoSat-2 SAR altimetry data and MODIS thermal-infrared imagery F. Müller et al. 10.5194/tc-17-809-2023
- A model for the Arctic mixed layer circulation under a summertime lead: implications for the near-surface temperature maximum formation A. Alvarez 10.5194/tc-17-3343-2023
- A spectral mixture analysis approach to quantify Arctic first-year sea ice melt pond fraction using QuickBird and MODIS reflectance data J. Yackel et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2017.09.030
- Radar altimetry for classifying surface conditions of subarctic lakes during freezing and thawing periods J. Ziyad et al. 10.1080/01431161.2022.2143733
- Wintertime Arctic Sea Spray Aerosol Composition Controlled by Sea Ice Lead Microbiology R. Kirpes et al. 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00541
- Arctic Sea Ice Lead Detection from Chinese HY-2B Radar Altimeter Data W. Zhong et al. 10.3390/rs15020516
- A Facet-Based Numerical Model for Simulating SAR Altimeter Echoes From Heterogeneous Sea Ice Surfaces J. Landy et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2018.2889763
- Comparative Evaluation of Sea Ice Lead Detection Based on SAR Imagery and Altimeter Data N. Longepe et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2018.2889519
- Lead fractions from SAR-derived sea ice divergence during MOSAiC L. von Albedyll et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1259-2024
- Spatio-temporal variability of small-scale leads based on helicopter maps of winter sea ice surface temperatures L. Thielke et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00023
- Sea ice leads in the Arctic Ocean: Model assessment, interannual variability and trends Q. Wang et al. 10.1002/2016GL068696
- Impact of Changing Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Sea Ice Age, and Snow Depth on Sea Salt Aerosol From Blowing Snow and the Open Ocean for 1980–2017 K. Confer et al. 10.1029/2022JD037667
- Retrieving Sea Level and Freeboard in the Arctic: A Review of Current Radar Altimetry Methodologies and Future Perspectives G. Quartly et al. 10.3390/rs11070881
- The 2018 North Greenland polynya observed by a newly introduced merged optical and passive microwave sea-ice concentration dataset V. Ludwig et al. 10.5194/tc-13-2051-2019
- Atmospheric particle abundance and sea salt aerosol observations in the springtime Arctic: a focus on blowing snow and leads Q. Chen et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15263-2022
- Sensitivity of Radar Altimeter Waveform to Changes in Sea Ice Type at Resolution of Synthetic Aperture Radar W. Aldenhoff et al. 10.3390/rs11222602
- Feature-based comparison of sea ice deformation in lead-permitting sea ice simulations N. Hutter & M. Losch 10.5194/tc-14-93-2020
- The Detection and Characterization of Arctic Sea Ice Leads with Satellite Imagers J. Hoffman et al. 10.3390/rs11050521
- Classification of Sea Ice Types in the Arctic by Radar Echoes from SARAL/AltiKa R. Fredensborg Hansen et al. 10.3390/rs13163183
- Arctic lead detection using a waveform mixture algorithm from CryoSat-2 data S. Lee et al. 10.5194/tc-12-1665-2018
- Assessment of Cryosat-2 and SARAL/AltiKa altimetry for measuring inland water and coastal sea level variations: A case study on Tibetan Plateau lake and Taiwan Coast H. Kao et al. 10.1080/01490419.2019.1623352
- Spaceborne thermal infrared observations of Arctic sea ice leads at 30 m resolution Y. Qiu et al. 10.5194/tc-17-2829-2023
- Applications of Deep Learning-Based Super-Resolution Networks for AMSR2 Arctic Sea Ice Images T. Feng et al. 10.3390/rs15225401
- Co-located OLCI optical imagery and SAR altimetry from Sentinel-3 for enhanced Arctic spring sea ice surface classification W. Chen et al. 10.3389/frsen.2024.1401653
- Improving CryoSat-2 SARIn L1b Products to Account for Inaccurate Phase Difference: Impact on Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval A. Di Bella et al. 10.1109/LGRS.2019.2919946
- Leads and ridges in Arctic sea ice from RGPS data and a new tracking algorithm N. Hutter et al. 10.5194/tc-13-627-2019
- Lead Detection in Polar Oceans—A Comparison of Different Classification Methods for Cryosat-2 SAR Data D. Dettmering et al. 10.3390/rs10081190
- A Study of the Technology Used to Distinguish Sea Ice and Seawater on the Haiyang-2A/B (HY-2A/B) Altimeter Data C. Jiang et al. 10.3390/rs11121490
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 18 Nov 2024
Short summary
Leads in Arctic sea ice have a dominant effect on the exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. Visual MODIS scenes are used to validate and improve the detection of leads from altimeter measurements of the satellite CryoSat-2. The rarely used maximum power of the returning signal shows the best classification properties. Lead area fraction and width distribution estimates based on CryoSat-2 complement other studies and deepen our understanding of lead characteristics.
Leads in Arctic sea ice have a dominant effect on the exchange between the ocean and the...
