The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 20, issue 9
Articles | Volume 20, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4877-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4877-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 20, issue 9
Research article
 | 
01 Sep 2026
Research article |  | 01 Sep 2026

The missing drifts: snow density heterogeneity from wind-packing exacerbates systematic underestimation of deep snow storage from the scale of nivation hollows to mountain ranges

Elijah N. Boardman, Karen L. Boardman, Christopher A. Jones, Sean D. Shipman, John A. Whiting, Joseph W. Boardman, and Adrian A. Harpold

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Short summary
Deep wind drifts are an important component of the mountain snowpack, but drifts are underrepresented by most datasets. Our synthesis of field surveys, statistical modeling, and remote sensing quantifies the contribution of drift depth and bulk density to snowpack heterogeneity across scales, from the vertical structure at a single location to the kilometer-scale patterning of snow across a mountain range.
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