Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-183-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-183-2026
Research article
 | 
13 Jan 2026
Research article |  | 13 Jan 2026

Anticipating CRISTAL: an exploration of multi-frequency satellite altimeter snow depth estimates over Arctic sea ice, 2018–2023

Jack C. Landy, Claude de Rijke-Thomas, Carmen Nab, Isobel Lawrence, Isolde A. Glissenaar, Robbie D. C. Mallett, Renée M. Fredensborg Hansen, Alek Petty, Michel Tsamados, Amy R. Macfarlane, and Anne Braakmann-Folgmann

Data sets

University of Tromso Arctic Ocean freeboard and snow depth product from CryoSat-2, AltiKa and ICESat-2 Jack Landy https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13774843

Model code and software

Facet-Based SAR Altimeter Echo Model Jack Landy https://github.com/jclandy/FBEM

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Short summary
In this study, we use three satellites to test the planned remote sensing approach of the upcoming mission Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL) over sea ice and that its dual radars will accurately measure the heights of the top and base of snow sitting atop floating sea ice floes. Our results suggest that CRISTAL's dual radars will not necessarily measure the snow top and base under all conditions. We find that accurate height measurements depend more on surface roughness than on snow properties, as is commonly assumed.
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