The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 20, issue 3
Articles | Volume 20, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1445-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1445-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 20, issue 3
Research article
 | 
05 Mar 2026
Research article |  | 05 Mar 2026

A mathematical model of microbially-induced convection in sea ice

Noa Kraitzman, Jean-David Grattepanche, Robert Sanders, and Isaac Klapper

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Short summary
We propose here that the resident microbial community can influence the structure of sea ice, particularly near the ocean interface, by lowering the local freezing point through production of, effectively, antifreeze compounds. The result is improved environmental conditions for growth and, possibly, changes to heat transport through the ice. A mathematical model together with laboratory measurements are used to illustrate and support the hypothesis.
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