The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 19, issue 12
Articles | Volume 19, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6943-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6943-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 12
Research article
 | 
19 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 19 Dec 2025

A unified framework for large-scale fabric evolution models and anisotropic rheologies

Daniel H. Richards, Elisa Mantelli, Samuel S. Pegler, and Sandra Piazolo

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-6943-2025-supplement

Data sets

Crystal c-axes (fabric analyser G50) of ice core samples (vertical thin sections) collected from the polar ice core EGRIP, 111-1714 m depth Ilka Weikusat et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949248

MEaSUREs Multi-year Greenland Ice Sheet Velocity Mosaic. (NSIDC-0670, Version 1) I. Joughin et al. https://doi.org/10.5067/QUA5Q9SVMSJG

MEaSUREs BedMachine Antarctica. (NSIDC-0756, Version 3) M. Morlighem https://doi.org/10.5067/FPSU0V1MWUB6

Model code and software

Comparitive Study of Fabric Figures Daniel Richards https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17417118

C-axis data from 3 depths at EGRIP (v1.0) N. Stoll and I. Weikusat https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8015759

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Short summary
Ice behaves differently depending on its crystal orientation, but how this affects its flow is unclear. We combine a range of previous models into a common equation to better understand crystal alignment. We tested a range of previous models on ice streams and divides, discovering that the best fit to observations comes from (a) assuming neighbouring crystals have the same stress, and (b) through describing the effect of crystal orientation on the flow in a way that allows directional variation.
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