Articles | Volume 19, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4715-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4715-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Oct 2025
Research article |
| 21 Oct 2025
| 21 Oct 2025
High-frequency broadband active acoustic systems as a tool for high-latitude glacial fjord research
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, MA 06340, USA
Grant Deane
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
Arnaud Le Boyer
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
Matthew H. Alford
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
Hari Vishnu
Acoustic Research Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119227, Singapore
Mandar Chitre
Acoustic Research Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119227, Singapore
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119007, Singapore
M. Dale Stokes
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
Oskar Glowacki
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland
Hayden Johnson
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
Fiammetta Straneo
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Carl P. Spingys, Andrew J. Lucas, Tiago S. Dotto, Christian T. Wild, Scott W. Tyler, Ted A. Scambos, Christopher B. Kratt, Ethan F. Williams, Mariona Claret, Hannah E. Glover, Meagan E. Wengrove, Madison M. Smith, Michael G. Baker, Giuseppe Marra, Max Tamussino, Zitong Feng, David Lloyd, Liam Taylor, Mikael Mazur, Maria-Daphne Mangriotis, Aaron Micallef, Jennifer Ward Neale, Oleg A. Godin, Matthew H. Alford, Emma P. M. Gregory, Michael A. Clare, Angel Ruiz Angulo, Kathryn L. Gunn, Ben I. Moat, Isobel A. Yeo, Alessandro Silvano, Arthur Hartog, and Mohammad Belal
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3624, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Ocean Science (OS).
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Distributed optical fibre sensing (DOFS) is a technology that enables continuous, real-time measurements of environmental parameters along a fibre optic cable. Here, we review the recently emerged applications of DOFS in physical oceanography, and offer a perspective on the technology’s potential for future growth in the field.
Kathryn A. Moore, Thomas C. J. Hill, Chamika K. Madawala, Raymond J. Leibensperger III, Samantha Greeney, Christopher D. Cappa, M. Dale Stokes, Grant B. Deane, Christopher Lee, Alexei V. Tivanski, Kimberly A. Prather, and Paul J. DeMott
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 3131–3159, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3131-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3131-2025, 2025
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This article presents results from the first study in a new wind–wave channel at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The experiment tested how wind over the ocean surface influences production of sea spray particles, which are important for radiative forcing and cloud formation in the atmosphere. We found that particle concentration and chemical composition varied with wind speed and that variations were driven by changes in wind and wave breaking rather than seawater biology or chemistry.
Meri Korhonen, Mateusz Moskalik, Oskar Głowacki, and Vineet Jain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4511–4527, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4511-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4511-2024, 2024
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Since 2015, temperature and salinity have been monitored in Hornsund fjord (Svalbard), where retreating glaciers add meltwater and terrestrial matter to coastal waters. Therefore, turbidity and water sampling for suspended sediment concentration and sediment deposition are measured. The monitoring spans from May to October, enabling studies on seasonality and its variability over the years, and the dataset covers the whole fjord, including the inner basins in close proximity to the glaciers.
Hari Vishnu, Mandar Chitre, Bharath Kalyan, Tan Soo Pieng, and Dale Stokes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-32, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-32, 2024
Preprint archived
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The boundary between the ocean and the terminus of marine-terminating glaciers is under-explored, but holds the key to understanding many climate-change-induced processes. This region is too hazardous for humans to directly access, but unmanned robots can help us safely explore it. Here we present the design, development and deployment of a low-cost, modular, robust surface robotic system to study the near-terminus region, and improve our understanding of the climate-change mechanisms there.
Hayden A. Johnson, Oskar Glowacki, Grant B. Deane, and M. Dale Stokes
The Cryosphere, 18, 265–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-265-2024, 2024
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This paper is about a way to make measurements close to small pieces of floating glacier ice. This is done by attaching instruments to the ice from a small boat. Making these measurements will be helpful for the study of the physics that goes on at small scales when glacier ice is in contact with ocean water. Understanding these small-scale physics may ultimately help improve our understanding of how much ice in Greenland and Antarctica will melt as a result of warming oceans.
Hélène Seroussi, Vincent Verjans, Sophie Nowicki, Antony J. Payne, Heiko Goelzer, William H. Lipscomb, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Cécile Agosta, Torsten Albrecht, Xylar Asay-Davis, Alice Barthel, Reinhard Calov, Richard Cullather, Christophe Dumas, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, Rupert Gladstone, Nicholas R. Golledge, Jonathan M. Gregory, Ralf Greve, Tore Hattermann, Matthew J. Hoffman, Angelika Humbert, Philippe Huybrechts, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Thomas Kleiner, Eric Larour, Gunter R. Leguy, Daniel P. Lowry, Chistopher M. Little, Mathieu Morlighem, Frank Pattyn, Tyler Pelle, Stephen F. Price, Aurélien Quiquet, Ronja Reese, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Andrew Shepherd, Erika Simon, Robin S. Smith, Fiammetta Straneo, Sainan Sun, Luke D. Trusel, Jonas Van Breedam, Peter Van Katwyk, Roderik S. W. van de Wal, Ricarda Winkelmann, Chen Zhao, Tong Zhang, and Thomas Zwinger
The Cryosphere, 17, 5197–5217, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-5197-2023, 2023
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Mass loss from Antarctica is a key contributor to sea level rise over the 21st century, and the associated uncertainty dominates sea level projections. We highlight here the Antarctic glaciers showing the largest changes and quantify the main sources of uncertainty in their future evolution using an ensemble of ice flow models. We show that on top of Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, Totten and Moscow University glaciers show rapid changes and a strong sensitivity to warmer ocean conditions.
Jarosław Tęgowski, Oskar Glowacki, Michał Ciepły, Małgorzata Błaszczyk, Jacek Jania, Mateusz Moskalik, Philippe Blondel, and Grant B. Deane
The Cryosphere, 17, 4447–4461, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4447-2023, 2023
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Receding tidewater glaciers are important contributors to sea level rise. Understanding their dynamics and developing models for their attrition has become a matter of global concern. Long-term monitoring of glacier frontal ablation is very difficult. Here we show for the first time that calving fluxes can be estimated from the underwater sounds made by icebergs impacting the sea surface. This development has important application to understanding the response of glaciers to warming oceans.
Michael J. Bentley, James A. Smith, Stewart S. R. Jamieson, Margaret R. Lindeman, Brice R. Rea, Angelika Humbert, Timothy P. Lane, Christopher M. Darvill, Jeremy M. Lloyd, Fiamma Straneo, Veit Helm, and David H. Roberts
The Cryosphere, 17, 1821–1837, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1821-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1821-2023, 2023
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The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream is a major outlet of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Some of its outlet glaciers and ice shelves have been breaking up and retreating, with inflows of warm ocean water identified as the likely reason. Here we report direct measurements of warm ocean water in an unusual lake that is connected to the ocean beneath the ice shelf in front of the 79° N Glacier. This glacier has not yet shown much retreat, but the presence of warm water makes future retreat more likely.
Karina von Schuckmann, Audrey Minière, Flora Gues, Francisco José Cuesta-Valero, Gottfried Kirchengast, Susheel Adusumilli, Fiammetta Straneo, Michaël Ablain, Richard P. Allan, Paul M. Barker, Hugo Beltrami, Alejandro Blazquez, Tim Boyer, Lijing Cheng, John Church, Damien Desbruyeres, Han Dolman, Catia M. Domingues, Almudena García-García, Donata Giglio, John E. Gilson, Maximilian Gorfer, Leopold Haimberger, Maria Z. Hakuba, Stefan Hendricks, Shigeki Hosoda, Gregory C. Johnson, Rachel Killick, Brian King, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Anton Korosov, Gerhard Krinner, Mikael Kuusela, Felix W. Landerer, Moritz Langer, Thomas Lavergne, Isobel Lawrence, Yuehua Li, John Lyman, Florence Marti, Ben Marzeion, Michael Mayer, Andrew H. MacDougall, Trevor McDougall, Didier Paolo Monselesan, Jan Nitzbon, Inès Otosaka, Jian Peng, Sarah Purkey, Dean Roemmich, Kanako Sato, Katsunari Sato, Abhishek Savita, Axel Schweiger, Andrew Shepherd, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Leon Simons, Donald A. Slater, Thomas Slater, Andrea K. Steiner, Toshio Suga, Tanguy Szekely, Wim Thiery, Mary-Louise Timmermans, Inne Vanderkelen, Susan E. Wjiffels, Tonghua Wu, and Michael Zemp
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1675–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023, 2023
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Earth's climate is out of energy balance, and this study quantifies how much heat has consequently accumulated over the past decades (ocean: 89 %, land: 6 %, cryosphere: 4 %, atmosphere: 1 %). Since 1971, this accumulated heat reached record values at an increasing pace. The Earth heat inventory provides a comprehensive view on the status and expectation of global warming, and we call for an implementation of this global climate indicator into the Paris Agreement’s Global Stocktake.
Karita Kajanto, Fiammetta Straneo, and Kerim Nisancioglu
The Cryosphere, 17, 371–390, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-371-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-371-2023, 2023
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Many outlet glaciers in Greenland are connected to the ocean by narrow glacial fjords, where warm water melts the glacier from underneath. Ocean water is modified in these fjords through processes that are poorly understood, particularly iceberg melt. We use a model to show how iceberg melt cools down Ilulissat Icefjord and causes circulation to take place deeper in the fjord than if there were no icebergs. This causes the glacier to melt less and from a smaller area than without icebergs.
Charlotte M. Beall, Thomas C. J. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, Tobias Köneman, Michael Pikridas, Frank Drewnick, Hartwig Harder, Christopher Pöhlker, Jos Lelieveld, Bettina Weber, Minas Iakovides, Roman Prokeš, Jean Sciare, Meinrat O. Andreae, M. Dale Stokes, and Kimberly A. Prather
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12607–12627, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12607-2022, 2022
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Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are rare aerosols that can trigger ice formation in clouds and affect climate-relevant cloud properties such as phase, reflectivity and lifetime. Dust is the dominant INP source, yet few measurements have been reported near major dust sources. We report INP observations within hundreds of kilometers of the biggest dust source regions globally: the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula. Results show that at temperatures > −15 °C, INPs are dominated by organics.
Charlotte M. Beall, Jennifer M. Michaud, Meredith A. Fish, Julie Dinasquet, Gavin C. Cornwell, M. Dale Stokes, Michael D. Burkart, Thomas C. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, and Kimberly A. Prather
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9031–9045, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9031-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9031-2021, 2021
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Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can influence multiple climate-relevant cloud properties by triggering droplet freezing at relative humidities below or temperatures above the freezing point of water. The ocean is a significant INP source; however, the specific identities of marine INPs remain largely unknown. Here, we identify 14 ice-nucleating microbes from aerosol and precipitation samples collected at a coastal site in southern California, two or more of which are likely marine.
Charlotte M. Beall, Dolan Lucero, Thomas C. Hill, Paul J. DeMott, M. Dale Stokes, and Kimberly A. Prather
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6473–6486, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6473-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6473-2020, 2020
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Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can influence multiple climate-relevant cloud properties. Previous studies report INP observations from precipitation samples that were stored prior to analysis, yet storage protocols vary widely, and little is known about how storage impacts INPs. This study finds that storing samples at −20 °C best preserves INP concentrations and that significant losses of small INPs occur across all storage protocols.
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Short summary
Tidewater glaciers play a central role in polar dynamics, but their study is limited by harsh and isolated conditions. Here, we introduce broadband echosounders as an tool for the study of high-latitude fjords through the rapid collection of calibrated high-resolution, near-synoptic observations. Using a dataset collected in Hornsund Fjord, we illustrate the potential of broadband echosounders as a relatively accessible, low-effort tool, well suited for field deployment in high-latitude fjords.
Tidewater glaciers play a central role in polar dynamics, but their study is limited by harsh...
