Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1695-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1695-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Apr 2025
Research article |
| 25 Apr 2025
| 25 Apr 2025
Glacial ring forms on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada
Shannon M. Hibbard
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 89512, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
Gordon R. Osinski
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
Etienne Godin
Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
Chimira Andres
Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
Antero Kukko
UNITE Flagship, Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Espoo, Finland
Department of Built environment, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
Shawn Chartrand
School of Environmental Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
Anna Grau Galofre
Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, CNRS UMR 6112, Nantes, France
A. Mark Jellinek
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
Wendy Boucher
School of Graduate Studies, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
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Zuoya Liu, Harri Kaartinen, Teemu Hakala, Heikki Hyyti, Antero Kukko, Juha Hyyppa, and Ruizhi Chen
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., X-G-2025, 551–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-X-G-2025-551-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-X-G-2025-551-2025, 2025
Tamás Faitli, Heikki Hyyti, Juha Hyyppä, Antero Kukko, and Harri Kaartinen
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-W4-2025, 37–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W4-2025-37-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W4-2025-37-2025, 2025
Leena Leppänen, Antero Kukko, Aleksi Rimali, Aku Riihelä, and Priit Tisler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2059, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2059, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems (GI).
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We present field measurements collected during the FINNARP 2022 expedition at the Aboa station, located in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Field observations were carried out weekly at the automatic weather station site as well as at selected overpass locations of two satellites. The measurements included continuous meteorological observations from the weather station, detailed snow pit profiles, ground-based and drone-based radiation measurements, and snow surface roughness with laser scanners.
Letícia F. Castanheiro, Antonio M. G. Tommaselli, Heikki Hyyti, and Antero Kukko
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-3-2024, 57–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-3-2024-57-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-3-2024-57-2024, 2024
Samuel Gagnon, Daniel Fortier, Étienne Godin, and Audrey Veillette
The Cryosphere, 18, 4743–4763, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4743-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4743-2024, 2024
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Thermo-erosion gullies (TEGs) are one of the most common forms of abrupt permafrost degradation. While their inception has been examined in several studies, the processes of their stabilization remain poorly documented. For this study, we investigated two TEGs in the Canadian High Arctic. We found that, while the formation of a TEG leaves permanent geomorphological scars in landscapes, in the long term, permafrost can recover to conditions similar to those pre-dating the initial disturbance.
Mariana Batista Campos, Leticia Ferrari Castanheiro, Dipal Shah, Yunsheng Wang, Antero Kukko, and Eetu Puttonen
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-2024, 43–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-2024-43-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-2024-43-2024, 2024
Simona F. Ruso, Anna Grau Galofre, and Gordon R. Osinski
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-164, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-164, 2024
Preprint archived
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We attempt to enhance the current diagnostic criteria for channels formed under ice sheets by applying mathematical relationships commonly used to describe the correlation between river size and discharge. Our analysis reveals a unique relationship between channel size and drainage area size, which we have interpreted to represent formation under an ice sheet. These relationships can be applied to extremely remote environments to discuss glaciation in locations with accessibility constraints.
L. F. Castanheiro, A. M. G. Tommaselli, T. A. C. Garcia, M. B. Campos, and A. Kukko
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-W1-2023, 71–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W1-2023-71-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W1-2023-71-2023, 2023
T. Faitli, T. Hakala, H. Kaartinen, J. Hyyppä, and A. Kukko
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-W1-2023, 145–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W1-2023-145-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W1-2023-145-2023, 2023
Shawn M. Chartrand, A. Mark Jellinek, Marwan A. Hassan, and Carles Ferrer-Boix
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1-2023, 2023
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Rivers with alternating patterns of shallow and deep flows are commonly observed where a river widens and then narrows, respectively. But what if width changes over time? We use a lab experiment to address this question and find it is possible to decrease and then increase river width at a specific location and observe that flows deepen and then shallow consistent with expectations. Our observations can inform river restoration and climate adaptation programs that emphasize river corridors.
Shawn M. Chartrand and David Jon Furbish
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2021-16, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2021-16, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
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Sediment particles are transported along the bottom of rivers during floods. Descriptions of the transport process are commonly restricted to the strength of the water flow. In our research we use mathematical theory and data from laboratory experiments to explore whether sediment particles colliding with the river bed can help explain our observations of transport. We learn that particle collisions are likely an important component of the transport process and we offer thoughts for future work.
Terhikki Manninen, Kati Anttila, Emmihenna Jääskeläinen, Aku Riihelä, Jouni Peltoniemi, Petri Räisänen, Panu Lahtinen, Niilo Siljamo, Laura Thölix, Outi Meinander, Anna Kontu, Hanne Suokanerva, Roberta Pirazzini, Juha Suomalainen, Teemu Hakala, Sanna Kaasalainen, Harri Kaartinen, Antero Kukko, Olivier Hautecoeur, and Jean-Louis Roujean
The Cryosphere, 15, 793–820, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-793-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-793-2021, 2021
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The primary goal of this paper is to present a model of snow surface albedo (brightness) accounting for small-scale surface roughness effects. It can be combined with any volume scattering model. The results indicate that surface roughness may decrease the albedo by about 1–3 % in midwinter and even more than 10 % during the late melting season. The effect is largest for low solar zenith angle values and lower bulk snow albedo values.
A. Kukko, H. Kaartinen, G. Osinski, and J. Hyyppä
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-2-2020, 749–756, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-749-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-749-2020, 2020
Anna Grau Galofre, A. Mark Jellinek, Gordon R. Osinski, Michael Zanetti, and Antero Kukko
The Cryosphere, 12, 1461–1478, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1461-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1461-2018, 2018
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Water accumulated at the base of ice sheets is the main driver of glacier acceleration and loss of ice mass in Arctic regions. Previously glaciated landscapes sculpted by this water carry information about how ice sheets collapse and ultimately disappear. The search for these landscapes took us to the high Arctic, to explore channels that formed under kilometers of ice during the last ice age. In this work we describe how subglacial channels look and how they helped to drain an ice sheet.
Eliisa S. Lotsari, Mikel Calle, Gerardo Benito, Antero Kukko, Harri Kaartinen, Juha Hyyppä, Hannu Hyyppä, and Petteri Alho
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 163–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-163-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-163-2018, 2018
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This paper analyses the timing of topographical changes of a gravel bed ephemeral river channel during consecutive and moderate- and low-magnitude floods by applying a morphodynamic model calibrated with pre- and post-event surveys using RTK-GPS and mobile laser scanning. The channel acted as a braided river during lower flows but as a meandering river during higher flows. The channel changes can be greater during the long-lasting receding phase than during the rising phase of the floods.
S. Junttila, M. Vastaranta, R. Linnakoski, J. Sugano, H. Kaartinen, A. Kukko, M. Holopainen, H. Hyyppä, and J. Hyyppä
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3-W3, 81–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W3-81-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W3-81-2017, 2017
Etienne Godin, Daniel Fortier, and Esther Lévesque
Biogeosciences, 13, 1439–1452, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1439-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1439-2016, 2016
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Bowl-shaped ice-wedge polygons in permafrost regions can retain snowmelt water and moisture in their center. On Bylot Island (NU, CA), a rapidly developing thermal erosion gully eroded the polygons' ridges, impacting the polygon centers' ground moisture and temperature, plant cover and species. An intact polygon was homogeneous in its center for the aforementioned elements, whereas eroded polygons had a varying response following the breach, with heterogeneity as their new equilibrium state.
Related subject area
Discipline: Glaciers | Subject: Geomorphology
Glacial erosion and history of Inglefield Land, northwestern Greenland
Tracing ice loss from the Late Holocene to the future in eastern Nuussuaq, central western Greenland
Will landscape responses reduce glacier sensitivity to climate change in High Mountain Asia?
Subglacial and subaerial fluvial sediment transport capacity respond differently to water discharge variations
In situ 10Be modeling and terrain analysis constrain subglacial quarrying and abrasion rates at Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), Greenland
Asynchronous glacial dynamics of Last Glacial Maximum mountain glaciers in the Ikh Bogd Massif, Gobi Altai mountain range, southwestern Mongolia: aspect control on glacier mass balance
Comment on “Ice content and interannual water storage changes of an active rock glacier in the dry Andes of Argentina” by Halla et al. (2021)
Formation of glacier tables caused by differential ice melting: field observation and modelling
High-resolution inventory to capture glacier disintegration in the Austrian Silvretta
Glacial and geomorphic effects of a supraglacial lake drainage and outburst event, Everest region, Nepal Himalaya
Caleb K. Walcott-George, Allie Balter-Kennedy, Jason P. Briner, Joerg M. Schaefer, and Nicolás E. Young
The Cryosphere, 19, 2067–2086, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2067-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-2067-2025, 2025
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Understanding the history and drivers of Greenland Ice Sheet change is important for forecasting future ice sheet retreat. We combined geologic mapping and cosmogenic nuclide measurements to investigate how the Greenland Ice Sheet formed the landscape of Inglefield Land, northwestern Greenland. We found that Inglefield Land was covered by warm- and cold-based ice during multiple glacial cycles and that much of Inglefield Land is an ancient landscape.
Josep Bonsoms, Marc Oliva, Juan Ignacio López-Moreno, and Guillaume Jouvet
The Cryosphere, 19, 1973–1993, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1973-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-1973-2025, 2025
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The extent to which Greenland's peripheral glaciers and ice caps current and future ice loss rates are unprecedented within the Holocene is poorly understood. This study connects the maximum ice extent of the Late Holocene with present and future glacier evolution in the Nuussuaq Peninsula (central western Greenland). By > 2050 glacier mass loss may have doubled in rate compared to the Late Holocene to the present, highlighting significant impacts of anthropogenic climate change.
Stephan Harrison, Adina Racoviteanu, Sarah Shannon, Darren Jones, Karen Anderson, Neil Glasser, Jasper Knight, Anna Ranger, Arindan Mandal, Brahma Dutt Vishwakarma, Jeffrey Kargel, Dan Shugar, Umesh Haritishaya, Dongfeng Li, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Klaus Wyser, and Sam Inglis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4033, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-4033, 2025
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Climate change is leading to a global recession of mountain glaciers, and numerical modelling suggests that this will result in the eventual disappearance of many glaciers, impacting water supplies. However, an alternative scenario suggests that increased rock fall and debris flows to valley bottoms will cover glaciers with thick rock debris, slowing melting and transforming glaciers into rock-ice mixtures called rock glaciers. This paper explores these scenarios.
Ian Delaney, Andrew Tedstone, Mauro A. Werder, and Daniel Farinotti
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2580, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2580, 2024
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Sediment transport in rivers and under glaciers depends on water velocity and channel width. In rivers, water discharge changes affect flow depth, width, and velocity. Under glaciers, pressurized water changes velocity more than shape. Due to these differences, this study shows that sediment transport under glaciers varies widely and peaks before water flow does, creating a complex relationship. Understanding these dynamics helps interpret sediment discharge from glaciers in different climates.
Brandon L. Graham, Jason P. Briner, Nicolás E. Young, Allie Balter-Kennedy, Michele Koppes, Joerg M. Schaefer, Kristin Poinar, and Elizabeth K. Thomas
The Cryosphere, 17, 4535–4547, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4535-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4535-2023, 2023
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Glacial erosion is a fundamental process operating on Earth's surface. Two processes of glacial erosion, abrasion and plucking, are poorly understood. We reconstructed rates of abrasion and quarrying in Greenland. We derive a total glacial erosion rate of 0.26 ± 0.16 mm per year. We also learned that erosion via these two processes is about equal. Because the site is similar to many other areas covered by continental ice sheets, these results may be applied to many places on Earth.
Purevmaa Khandsuren, Yeong Bae Seong, Hyun Hee Rhee, Cho-Hee Lee, Mehmet Akif Sarikaya, Jeong-Sik Oh, Khadbaatar Sandag, and Byung Yong Yu
The Cryosphere, 17, 2409–2435, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2409-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2409-2023, 2023
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Moraine is an awe-inspiring landscape in alpine areas and stores information on past climate. We measured the timing of moraine formation on the Ih Bogd Massif, southern Mongolia. Here, glaciers move synchronously as a response to changing climate; however, our glacier on the northern slope reached its maximum extent 3 millennia after the southern one. We ran a 2D ice surface model and found that the diachronous behavior of glaciers was real. Aspect also controls the mass of alpine glaciers.
W. Brian Whalley
The Cryosphere, 17, 699–700, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-699-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-699-2023, 2023
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Examination of recent Google Earth images of glaciers and rock glaciers in the
Dry Andeshas sufficient detail to show surface meltwater pools. These pools have exposures of glacier ice that core the rock glaciers with volume loss. Such pools are seen on debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers worldwide and cast doubt on the
permafrostorigin of rock glaciers.
Marceau Hénot, Vincent J. Langlois, Jérémy Vessaire, Nicolas Plihon, and Nicolas Taberlet
The Cryosphere, 16, 2617–2628, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2617-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2617-2022, 2022
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Glacier tables are structures frequently encountered on temperate glaciers. They consist of a rock supported by a narrow ice foot which forms through differential melting of the ice. In this article, we investigate their formation by following their dynamics on the Mer de Glace (the Alps, France). We explain this phenomenon by a combination of the effect of turbulent flux, short-wave flux and direct solar radiation that sets a critical size above which a rock will form a glacier table.
Andrea Fischer, Gabriele Schwaizer, Bernd Seiser, Kay Helfricht, and Martin Stocker-Waldhuber
The Cryosphere, 15, 4637–4654, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4637-2021, 2021
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Eastern Alpine glaciers have been receding since the Little Ice Age maximum, but until now the majority of glacier margins could be delineated unambiguously. Today the outlines of totally debris-covered glacier ice are fuzzy and raise the discussion if these features are still glaciers. We investigated the fate of glacier remnants with high-resolution elevation models, analyzing also thickness changes in buried ice. In the past 13 years, the 46 glaciers of Silvretta lost one-third of their area.
Evan S. Miles, C. Scott Watson, Fanny Brun, Etienne Berthier, Michel Esteves, Duncan J. Quincey, Katie E. Miles, Bryn Hubbard, and Patrick Wagnon
The Cryosphere, 12, 3891–3905, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3891-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3891-2018, 2018
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We use high-resolution satellite imagery and field visits to assess the growth and drainage of a lake on Changri Shar Glacier in the Everest region, and its impact. The lake filled and drained within 3 months, which is a shorter interval than would be detected by standard monitoring protocols, but forced re-routing of major trails in several locations. The water appears to have flowed beneath Changri Shar and Khumbu glaciers in an efficient manner, suggesting pre-existing developed flow paths.
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Short summary
This study investigates enigmatic ring forms found on Axel Heiberg Island (Umingmat Nunaat) in Nunavut, Canada. These ring forms comprised a series of ridges and troughs creating individual rings or brain-like patterns. We aim to identify how they form and assess the past climate conditions necessary for their formation. We use surface and subsurface observations and comparisons to other periglacial and glacial ring forms to infer a formation mechanism and propose a glacial origin.
This study investigates enigmatic ring forms found on Axel Heiberg Island (Umingmat Nunaat) in...
