Articles | Volume 16, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3313-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3313-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Aug 2022
Research article |
| 24 Aug 2022
| 24 Aug 2022
Ultrasonic and seismic constraints on crystallographic preferred orientations of the Priestley Glacier shear margin, Antarctica
Franz Lutz
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geology, University of Otago, Ōtepoti / Dunedin, Aotearoa / New Zealand
David J. Prior
Department of Geology, University of Otago, Ōtepoti / Dunedin, Aotearoa / New Zealand
Holly Still
School of Surveying, University of Otago, Ōtepoti / Dunedin, Aotearoa / New Zealand
M. Hamish Bowman
Department of Geology, University of Otago, Ōtepoti / Dunedin, Aotearoa / New Zealand
Bia Boucinhas
Antarctica New Zealand, Ōtautahi / Christchurch, Aotearoa / New Zealand
Lisa Craw
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
Sheng Fan
Department of Geology, University of Otago, Ōtepoti / Dunedin, Aotearoa / New Zealand
Daeyeong Kim
Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
Robert Mulvaney
British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Rilee E. Thomas
Department of Geology, University of Otago, Ōtepoti / Dunedin, Aotearoa / New Zealand
Christina L. Hulbe
School of Surveying, University of Otago, Ōtepoti / Dunedin, Aotearoa / New Zealand
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Helene Hoffmann, Jason Day, Rachael H. Rhodes, Mackenzie Grieman, Jack Humby, Isobel Rowell, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Robert Mulvaney, Sally Gibson, and Eric Wolff
The Cryosphere, 18, 4993–5013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4993-2024, 2024
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Ice cores are archives of past atmospheric conditions. In deep and old ice, the layers containing this information get thinned to the millimetre scale or below. We installed a setup for high-resolution (182 μm) chemical impurity measurements in ice cores using the laser ablation technique at the University of Cambridge. In a first application to the Skytrain ice core from Antarctica, we discuss the potential to detect fine-layered structures in ice up to an age of 26 000 years.
Romilly Harris Stuart, Amaëlle Landais, Laurent Arnaud, Christo Buizert, Emilie Capron, Marie Dumont, Quentin Libois, Robert Mulvaney, Anaïs Orsi, Ghislain Picard, Frédéric Prié, Jeffrey Severinghaus, Barbara Stenni, and Patricia Martinerie
The Cryosphere, 18, 3741–3763, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3741-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3741-2024, 2024
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Ice core δO2/N2 records are useful dating tools due to their local insolation pacing. A precise understanding of the physical mechanism driving this relationship, however, remain ambiguous. By compiling data from 15 polar sites, we find a strong dependence of mean δO2/N2 on accumulation rate and temperature in addition to the well-documented insolation dependence. Snowpack modelling is used to investigate which physical properties drive the mechanistic dependence on these local parameters.
Ailsa Chung, Frédéric Parrenin, Robert Mulvaney, Luca Vittuari, Massimo Frezzotti, Antonio Zanutta, David A. Lilien, Marie G. P. Cavitte, and Olaf Eisen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1650, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1650, 2024
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We applied an ice flow model to a flow line from the summit of Dome C to the Beyond EPICA ice core drill site on Little Dome C in Antarctica. Results show that the oldest ice at the drill site may be 1.12 Ma (at age density of 20 kyr/m) and originate from around 15 km upstream. We also discuss the nature of the 200–250 m thick basal layer which could be composed of accreted ice, stagnant ice, or even disturbed ice containing debris.
V. Holly L. Winton, Robert Mulvaney, Joel Savarino, Kyle R. Clem, and Markus M. Frey
Clim. Past, 20, 1213–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1213-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1213-2024, 2024
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In 2018, a new 120 m ice core was drilled in a region located under the Antarctic ozone hole. We present the first results including a 1300-year record of snow accumulation and aerosol chemistry. We investigate the aerosol and moisture source regions and atmospheric processes related to the ice core record and discuss what this means for developing a record of past ultraviolet radiation and ozone depletion using the stable isotopic composition of nitrate measured in the same ice core.
Qinyu Wang, Sheng Fan, Daniel H. Richards, Rachel Worthington, David J. Prior, and Chao Qi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-331, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-331, 2024
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To examine if the single cluster fabric in natural ice is formed due to high strains, we deformed synthetic ice to large strains using a unique technique. A shear strain of 6.2 was achieved in laboratory. We explored how the two mechanisms, which control microstructure and fabric evolution, evolve with strain, and established a fabric development model. These results will help understanding the fabrics in natural ice and further comprehending glacier and ice sheet flow dynamics.
Taehwan Kim, Yoonsup Kim, Simone Tumiati, Daeyeong Kim, Keewook Yi, and Mi Jung Lee
Eur. J. Mineral., 36, 323–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-36-323-2024, 2024
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The manganese-rich siliceous metasediment in the Antarctic Ross orogen most likely originated from Mn-nodule-bearing chert deposited not earlier than ca. 546 Ma. Subduction-related metamorphism resulted in the production of highly oxidized assemblages involving Mn3+ and rare-earth-element-zoned epidote-group mineral and Mn2+-rich garnet. A reduced environment was responsible for the Mn olivine-bearing assemblages from silica-deficient composition.
Qinyu Wang, Sheng Fan, and Chao Qi
The Cryosphere, 18, 1053–1084, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1053-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1053-2024, 2024
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We explored how the grain size of polycrystalline ice is affected by soluble impurities by conducting experiments on ice-containing salts. Results showed that above/below the eutectic point, impurities enhance/hinder grain growth, due to production of melts/precipitation of salt hydrates. Our findings offer insights into the dynamics of natural ice masses.
Frédéric Parrenin, Marie Bouchet, Christo Buizert, Emilie Capron, Ellen Corrick, Russell Drysdale, Kenji Kawamura, Amaëlle Landais, Robert Mulvaney, Ikumi Oyabu, and Sune Rasmussen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2911, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2911, 2024
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The Paleochrono1 probablistic dating model allows to derive a common and optimized chronology for several paleoclimatic sites from various archives (ice cores, speleothems, marine cores, lake cores, etc.). It combines prior sedimentation scenarios with chronological information such as dated horizons, dated intervals, stratigraphic links and (for ice cores) Delta-depth observations. Paleochrono1 is available under the MIT open-source license.
Emma Nilsson, Carmen Paulina Vega, Dmitry Divine, Anja Eichler, Tonu Martma, Robert Mulvaney, Elisabeth Schlosser, Margit Schwikowski, and Elisabeth Isaksson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3156, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3156, 2024
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To project future climate change it is necessary to understand paleoclimate including past sea ice conditions. We have investigated methane sulphonic acid (MSA) in Antarctic firn and ice cores to reconstruct sea ice extent (SIE) and found that the MSA – SIE as well as the MSA – phytoplankton biomass relationship varies across the different firn and ice cores. These inconsistencies in correlations across records suggest that MSA in Fimbul Ice Shelf cores does not reliably indicate regional SIE.
Ailsa Chung, Frédéric Parrenin, Daniel Steinhage, Robert Mulvaney, Carlos Martín, Marie G. P. Cavitte, David A. Lilien, Veit Helm, Drew Taylor, Prasad Gogineni, Catherine Ritz, Massimo Frezzotti, Charles O'Neill, Heinrich Miller, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 17, 3461–3483, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3461-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3461-2023, 2023
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We combined a numerical model with radar measurements in order to determine the age of ice in the Dome C region of Antarctica. Our results show that at the current ice core drilling sites on Little Dome C, the maximum age of the ice is almost 1.5 Ma. We also highlight a new potential drill site called North Patch with ice up to 2 Ma. Finally, we explore the nature of a stagnant ice layer at the base of the ice sheet which has been independently observed and modelled but is not well understood.
Sheng Fan, David J. Prior, Brent Pooley, Hamish Bowman, Lucy Davidson, David Wallis, Sandra Piazolo, Chao Qi, David L. Goldsby, and Travis F. Hager
The Cryosphere, 17, 3443–3459, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3443-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3443-2023, 2023
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The microstructure of ice controls the behaviour of polar ice flow. Grain growth can modify the microstructure of ice; however, its processes and kinetics are poorly understood. We conduct grain-growth experiments on synthetic and natural ice samples at 0 °C. Microstructural data show synthetic ice grows continuously with time. In contrast, natural ice does not grow within a month. The inhibition of grain growth in natural ice is largely contributed by bubble pinning at ice grain boundaries.
Isobel Rowell, Carlos Martin, Robert Mulvaney, Helena Pryer, Dieter Tetzner, Emily Doyle, Hara Madhav Talasila, Jilu Li, and Eric Wolff
Clim. Past, 19, 1699–1714, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1699-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1699-2023, 2023
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We present an age scale for a new type of ice core from a vulnerable region in West Antarctic, which is lacking in longer-term (greater than a few centuries) ice core records. The Sherman Island core extends to greater than 1 kyr. We provide modelling evidence for the potential of a 10 kyr long core. We show that this new type of ice core can be robustly dated and that climate records from this core will be a significant addition to existing regional climate records.
Benoit S. Lecavalier, Lev Tarasov, Greg Balco, Perry Spector, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Christo Buizert, Catherine Ritz, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Robert Mulvaney, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Michael J. Bentley, and Jonathan Bamber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3573–3596, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3573-2023, 2023
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The Antarctic Ice Sheet Evolution constraint database version 2 (AntICE2) consists of a large variety of observations that constrain the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet over the last glacial cycle. This includes observations of past ice sheet extent, past ice thickness, past relative sea level, borehole temperature profiles, and present-day bedrock displacement rates. The database is intended to improve our understanding of past Antarctic changes and for ice sheet model calibrations.
Robert Mulvaney, Eric W. Wolff, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Helene H. Hoffmann, Jack D. Humby, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Rachael H. Rhodes, Isobel F. Rowell, Frédéric Parrenin, Loïc Schmidely, Hubertus Fischer, Thomas F. Stocker, Marcus Christl, Raimund Muscheler, Amaelle Landais, and Frédéric Prié
Clim. Past, 19, 851–864, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-851-2023, 2023
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We present an age scale for a new ice core drilled at Skytrain Ice Rise, an ice rise facing the Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica. Various measurements in the ice and air phases are used to match the ice core to other Antarctic cores that have already been dated, and a new age scale is constructed. The 651 m ice core includes ice that is confidently dated to 117 000–126 000 years ago, in the last interglacial. Older ice is found deeper down, but there are flow disturbances in the deeper ice.
Christo Buizert, Sarah Shackleton, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, William H. G. Roberts, Alan Seltzer, Bernhard Bereiter, Kenji Kawamura, Daniel Baggenstos, Anaïs J. Orsi, Ikumi Oyabu, Benjamin Birner, Jacob D. Morgan, Edward J. Brook, David M. Etheridge, David Thornton, Nancy Bertler, Rebecca L. Pyne, Robert Mulvaney, Ellen Mosley-Thompson, Peter D. Neff, and Vasilii V. Petrenko
Clim. Past, 19, 579–606, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-579-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-579-2023, 2023
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It is unclear how different components of the global atmospheric circulation, such as the El Niño effect, respond to large-scale climate change. We present a new ice core gas proxy, called krypton-86 excess, that reflects past storminess in Antarctica. We present data from 11 ice cores that suggest the new proxy works. We present a reconstruction of changes in West Antarctic storminess over the last 24 000 years and suggest these are caused by north–south movement of the tropical rain belt.
Helene M. Hoffmann, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Jenna A. Epifanio, Kaden Martin, Diana Vladimirova, Helena V. Pryer, Emily Doyle, Axel Schmidt, Jack D. Humby, Isobel F. Rowell, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Robert Mulvaney, and Eric W. Wolff
Clim. Past, 18, 1831–1847, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1831-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1831-2022, 2022
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The WACSWAIN project (WArm Climate Stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet in the last INterglacial) investigates the fate of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet during the last warm period on Earth (115 000–130 000 years before present). Within this framework an ice core was recently drilled at Skytrain Ice Rise. In this study we present a stratigraphic chronology of that ice core based on absolute age markers and annual layer counting for the last 2000 years.
Maria-Gema Llorens, Albert Griera, Paul D. Bons, Ilka Weikusat, David J. Prior, Enrique Gomez-Rivas, Tamara de Riese, Ivone Jimenez-Munt, Daniel García-Castellanos, and Ricardo A. Lebensohn
The Cryosphere, 16, 2009–2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2009-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2009-2022, 2022
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Polar ice is formed by ice crystals, which form fabrics that are utilised to interpret how ice sheets flow. It is unclear whether fabrics result from the current flow regime or if they are inherited. To understand the extent to which ice crystals can be reoriented when ice flow conditions change, we simulate and evaluate multi-stage ice flow scenarios according to natural cases. We find that second deformation regimes normally overprint inherited fabrics, with a range of transitional fabrics.
M. Reza Ershadi, Reinhard Drews, Carlos Martín, Olaf Eisen, Catherine Ritz, Hugh Corr, Julia Christmann, Ole Zeising, Angelika Humbert, and Robert Mulvaney
The Cryosphere, 16, 1719–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1719-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1719-2022, 2022
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Radio waves transmitted through ice split up and inform us about the ice sheet interior and orientation of single ice crystals. This can be used to infer how ice flows and improve projections on how it will evolve in the future. Here we used an inverse approach and developed a new algorithm to infer ice properties from observed radar data. We applied this technique to the radar data obtained at two EPICA drilling sites, where ice cores were used to validate our results.
Tobias Erhardt, Matthias Bigler, Urs Federer, Gideon Gfeller, Daiana Leuenberger, Olivia Stowasser, Regine Röthlisberger, Simon Schüpbach, Urs Ruth, Birthe Twarloh, Anna Wegner, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Takayuki Kuramoto, Helle A. Kjær, Paul T. Vallelonga, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Margareta E. Hansson, Ailsa K. Benton, Louise G. Fleet, Rob Mulvaney, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Nerilie Abram, Thomas F. Stocker, and Hubertus Fischer
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1215–1231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022, 2022
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The datasets presented alongside this manuscript contain high-resolution concentration measurements of chemical impurities in deep ice cores, NGRIP and NEEM, from the Greenland ice sheet. The impurities originate from the deposition of aerosols to the surface of the ice sheet and are influenced by source, transport and deposition processes. Together, these records contain detailed, multi-parameter records of past climate variability over the last glacial period.
Marie G. P. Cavitte, Duncan A. Young, Robert Mulvaney, Catherine Ritz, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Gregory Ng, Scott D. Kempf, Enrica Quartini, Gail R. Muldoon, John Paden, Massimo Frezzotti, Jason L. Roberts, Carly R. Tozer, Dustin M. Schroeder, and Donald D. Blankenship
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4759–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4759-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4759-2021, 2021
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We present a data set consisting of ice-penetrating-radar internal stratigraphy: 26 internal reflecting horizons that cover the greater Dome C area, East Antarctica, the most extensive IRH data set to date in the region. This data set uses radar surveys collected over the span of 10 years, starting with an airborne international collaboration in 2008 to explore the region, up to the detailed ground-based surveys in support of the European Beyond EPICA – Oldest Ice (BE-OI) project.
Holly Still and Christina Hulbe
The Cryosphere, 15, 2647–2665, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2647-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2647-2021, 2021
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Pinning points, locations where floating ice shelves run aground, modify ice flow and thickness. We use a model to quantify the Ross Ice Shelf and tributary ice stream response to a group of pinning points. Ice stream sensitivity to pinning points is conditioned by basal drag, and thus basal properties, upstream of the grounding line. Without the pinning points, a redistribution of resistive stresses supports faster flow and increased mass flux but with a negligible change in total ice volume.
Lisa Craw, Adam Treverrow, Sheng Fan, Mark Peternell, Sue Cook, Felicity McCormack, and Jason Roberts
The Cryosphere, 15, 2235–2250, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2235-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2235-2021, 2021
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Ice sheet and ice shelf models rely on data from experiments to accurately represent the way ice moves. Performing experiments at the temperatures and stresses that are generally present in nature takes a long time, and so there are few of these datasets. Here, we test the method of speeding up an experiment by running it initially at a higher temperature, before dropping to a lower target temperature to generate the relevant data. We show that this method can reduce experiment time by 55 %.
Max Thomas, Johannes C. Laube, Jan Kaiser, Samuel Allin, Patricia Martinerie, Robert Mulvaney, Anna Ridley, Thomas Röckmann, William T. Sturges, and Emmanuel Witrant
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6857–6873, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6857-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6857-2021, 2021
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CFC gases are destroying the Earth's life-protecting ozone layer. We improve understanding of CFC destruction by measuring the isotopic fingerprint of the carbon in the three most abundant CFCs. These are the first such measurements in the main region where CFCs are destroyed – the stratosphere. We reconstruct the atmospheric isotope histories of these CFCs back to the 1950s by measuring air extracted from deep snow and using a model. The model and the measurements are generally consistent.
David A. Lilien, Daniel Steinhage, Drew Taylor, Frédéric Parrenin, Catherine Ritz, Robert Mulvaney, Carlos Martín, Jie-Bang Yan, Charles O'Neill, Massimo Frezzotti, Heinrich Miller, Prasad Gogineni, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, and Olaf Eisen
The Cryosphere, 15, 1881–1888, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1881-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1881-2021, 2021
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We collected radar data between EDC, an ice core spanning ~800 000 years, and BELDC, the site chosen for a new
oldest icecore at nearby Little Dome C. These data allow us to identify 50 % older internal horizons than previously traced in the area. We fit a model to the ages of those horizons at BELDC to determine the age of deep ice there. We find that there is likely to be 1.5 Myr old ice ~265 m above the bed, with sufficient resolution to preserve desired climatic information.
Morgan E. Monz, Peter J. Hudleston, David J. Prior, Zachary Michels, Sheng Fan, Marianne Negrini, Pat J. Langhorne, and Chao Qi
The Cryosphere, 15, 303–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-303-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-303-2021, 2021
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We present full crystallographic orientations of warm, coarse-grained ice deformed in a shear setting, enabling better characterization of how crystals in glacial ice preferentially align as ice flows. A commonly noted c-axis pattern, with several favored orientations, may result from bias due to overcounting large crystals with complex 3D shapes. A new sample preparation method effectively increases the sample size and reduces bias, resulting in a simpler pattern consistent with the ice flow.
Sheng Fan, Travis F. Hager, David J. Prior, Andrew J. Cross, David L. Goldsby, Chao Qi, Marianne Negrini, and John Wheeler
The Cryosphere, 14, 3875–3905, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3875-2020, 2020
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We performed uniaxial compression experiments on synthetic ice samples. We report ice microstructural evolution at –20 and –30 °C that has never been reported before. Microstructural data show the opening angle of c-axis cones decreases with increasing strain or with decreasing temperature, suggesting a more active grain rotation. CPO intensity weakens with temperature because CPO of small grains is weaker, and it can be explained by grain boundary sliding or nucleation with random orientations.
Anders Svensson, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Thomas Blunier, Sune O. Rasmussen, Bo M. Vinther, Paul Vallelonga, Emilie Capron, Vasileios Gkinis, Eliza Cook, Helle Astrid Kjær, Raimund Muscheler, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Frank Wilhelms, Thomas F. Stocker, Hubertus Fischer, Florian Adolphi, Tobias Erhardt, Michael Sigl, Amaelle Landais, Frédéric Parrenin, Christo Buizert, Joseph R. McConnell, Mirko Severi, Robert Mulvaney, and Matthias Bigler
Clim. Past, 16, 1565–1580, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1565-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1565-2020, 2020
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We identify signatures of large bipolar volcanic eruptions in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores during the last glacial period, which allows for a precise temporal alignment of the ice cores. Thereby the exact timing of unexplained, abrupt climatic changes occurring during the last glacial period can be determined in a global context. The study thus provides a step towards a full understanding of elements of the climate system that may also play an important role in the future.
Kévin Fourteau, Patricia Martinerie, Xavier Faïn, Christoph F. Schaller, Rebecca J. Tuckwell, Henning Löwe, Laurent Arnaud, Olivier Magand, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Johannes Freitag, Robert Mulvaney, Martin Schneebeli, and Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov
The Cryosphere, 13, 3383–3403, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3383-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3383-2019, 2019
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Understanding gas trapping in polar ice is essential to study the relationship between greenhouse gases and past climates. New data of bubble closure, used in a simple gas-trapping model, show inconsistency with the final air content in ice. This suggests gas trapping is not fully understood. We also use a combination of high-resolution measurements to investigate the effect of polar snow stratification on gas trapping and find that all strata have similar pores, but that some close in advance.
Chao Qi, David J. Prior, Lisa Craw, Sheng Fan, Maria-Gema Llorens, Albert Griera, Marianne Negrini, Paul D. Bons, and David L. Goldsby
The Cryosphere, 13, 351–371, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-351-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-351-2019, 2019
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Ice deformed in nature develops crystallographic preferred orientations, CPOs, which induce an anisotropy in ice viscosity. Shear experiments of ice revealed a transition in CPO with changing temperature/strain, which is due to the change of dominant CPO-formation mechanism: strain-induced grain boundary migration dominates at higher temperatures and lower strains, while lattice rotation dominates at other conditions. Understanding these mechanisms aids the interpretation of CPOs in natural ice.
Steven B. Kidder, Virginia G. Toy, David J. Prior, Timothy A. Little, Ashfaq Khan, and Colin MacRae
Solid Earth, 9, 1123–1139, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1123-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1123-2018, 2018
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By quantifying trace concentrations of titanium in quartz (a known geologic “thermometer”), we constrain the temperature profile for the deep crust along the Alpine Fault. We show there is a sharp change from fairly uniform temperatures at deep levels to a very steep gradient in temperature in the upper kilometers of the crust.
Emmanuel Le Meur, Olivier Magand, Laurent Arnaud, Michel Fily, Massimo Frezzotti, Marie Cavitte, Robert Mulvaney, and Stefano Urbini
The Cryosphere, 12, 1831–1850, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1831-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1831-2018, 2018
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This paper presents surface mass balance measurements from both GPR and ice core data collected during a traverse in a so-far-unexplored area between the DC and Vostok stations. Results presented here will contribute to a better knowledge of the global mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet and thus help in constraining its contribution to sea level rise. Another novelty of the paper resides in the comprehensive error budget proposed for the method used for inferring accumulation rates.
Carmen Paulina Vega, Elisabeth Isaksson, Elisabeth Schlosser, Dmitry Divine, Tõnu Martma, Robert Mulvaney, Anja Eichler, and Margit Schwikowski-Gigar
The Cryosphere, 12, 1681–1697, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1681-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1681-2018, 2018
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Ions were measured in firn and ice cores from Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to evaluate sea-salt loads. A significant sixfold increase in sea salts was found in the S100 core after 1950s which suggests that it contains a more local sea-salt signal, dominated by processes during sea-ice formation in the neighbouring waters. In contrast, firn cores from three ice rises register the larger-scale signal of atmospheric flow conditions and transport of sea-salt aerosols produced over open water.
Matthew J. Vaughan, Kasper van Wijk, David J. Prior, and M. Hamish Bowman
The Cryosphere, 10, 2821–2829, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2821-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2821-2016, 2016
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The physical properties of ice are of interest in the study of the dynamics of sea ice, glaciers, and ice sheets. We used resonant ultrasound spectroscopy to estimate the effects of temperature on the elastic and anelastic characteristics of polycrystalline ice, which control the propagation of sound waves. This information helps calibrate seismic data, in order to determine regional-scale ice properties, improving our ability to predict ice sheet behaviour in response to climate change.
Related subject area
Discipline: Glaciers | Subject: Ice Physics
In situ estimation of ice crystal properties at the South Pole using LED calibration data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
Thermal structure of the Amery Ice Shelf from borehole observations and simulations
Attenuation of sound in glacier ice from 2 to 35 kHz
Crystallographic preferred orientations of ice deformed in direct-shear experiments at low temperatures
Rasha Abbasi, Markus Ackermann, Jenni Adams, Nakul Aggarwal, Juanan Aguilar, Markus Ahlers, Maryon Ahrens, Jean-Marco Alameddine, Antonio Augusto Alves Junior, Najia Moureen Binte Amin, Karen Andeen, Tyler Anderson, Gisela Anton, Carlos Argüelles, Yosuke Ashida, Sofia Athanasiadou, Spencer Axani, Xinhua Bai, Aswathi Balagopal V, Moreno Baricevic, Steve Barwick, Vedant Basu, Ryan Bay, James Beatty, Karl Heinz Becker, Julia Becker Tjus, Jakob Beise, Chiara Bellenghi, Samuel Benda, Segev BenZvi, David Berley, Elisa Bernardini, Dave Besson, Gary Binder, Daniel Bindig, Erik Blaufuss, Summer Blot, Federico Bontempo, Julia Book, Jürgen Borowka, Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo, Sebastian Böser, Olga Botner, Jakob Böttcher, Etienne Bourbeau, Jim Braun, Bennett Brinson, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, Ryan Burley, Raffaela Busse, Michael Campana, Erin Carnie-Bronca, Chujie Chen, Zheyang Chen, Dmitry Chirkin, Koun Choi, Brian Clark, Lew Classen, Alan Coleman, Gabriel Collin, Amy Connolly, Janet Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, Stefan Countryman, Doug Cowen, Robert Cross, Christian Dappen, Pranav Dave, Catherine De Clercq, James DeLaunay, Diyaselis Delgado López, Hans Dembinski, Kunal Deoskar, Abhishek Desai, Paolo Desiati, Krijn de Vries, Gwenhael de Wasseige, Tyce DeYoung, Alejandro Diaz, Juan Carlos Díaz-Vélez, Markus Dittmer, Hrvoje Dujmovic, Michael DuVernois, Thomas Ehrhardt, Philipp Eller, Ralph Engel, Hannah Erpenbeck, John Evans, Paul Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, Ali Fazely, Anatoli Fedynitch, Nora Feigl, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, Aaron Fienberg, Chad Finley, Leander Fischer, Derek Fox, Anna Franckowiak, Elizabeth Friedman, Alexander Fritz, Philipp Fürst, Tom Gaisser, Jay Gallagher, Erik Ganster, Alfonso Garcia, Simone Garrappa, Lisa Gerhardt, Ava Ghadimi, Christian Glaser, Thorsten Glüsenkamp, Theo Glauch, Noah Goehlke, Javier Gonzalez, Sreetama Goswami, Darren Grant, Shannon Gray, Timothée Grégoire, Spencer Griswold, Christoph Günther, Pascal Gutjahr, Christian Haack, Allan Hallgren, Robert Halliday, Lasse Halve, Francis Halzen, Hassane Hamdaoui, Martin Ha Minh, Kael Hanson, John Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, Patrick Hatch, Andreas Haungs, Klaus Helbing, Jonas Hellrung, Felix Henningsen, Lars Heuermann, Stephanie Hickford, Colton Hill, Gary Hill, Kara Hoffman, Kotoyo Hoshina, Wenjie Hou, Thomas Huber, Klas Hultqvist, Mirco Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, Karolin Hymon, Seongjin In, Nadege Iovine, Aya Ishihara, Matti Jansson, George Japaridze, Minjin Jeong, Miaochen Jin, Ben Jones, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, Xinyue Kang, Alexander Kappes, David Kappesser, Leonora Kardum, Timo Karg, Martina Karl, Albrecht Karle, Uli Katz, Matt Kauer, John Kelley, Ali Kheirandish, Ken'ichi Kin, Joanna Kiryluk, Spencer Klein, Alina Kochocki, Ramesh Koirala, Hermann Kolanoski, Tomas Kontrimas, Lutz Köpke, Claudio Kopper, Jason Koskinen, Paras Koundal, Michael Kovacevich, Marek Kowalski, Tetiana Kozynets, Emmett Krupczak, Emma Kun, Naoko Kurahashi, Neha Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, Michael Larson, Frederik Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, Jiwoong Lee, Kayla Leonard, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Maria Liubarska, Elisa Lohfink, Christina Love, Cristian Jesus Lozano Mariscal, Lu Lu, Francesco Lucarelli, Andrew Ludwig, William Luszczak, Yang Lyu, Wing Yan Ma, Jim Madsen, Kendall Mahn, Yuya Makino, Sarah Mancina, Wenceslas Marie Sainte, Ioana Mariş, Szabolcs Marka, Zsuzsa Marka, Matthew Marsee, Ivan Martinez-Soler, Reina Maruyama, Thomas McElroy, Frank McNally, James Vincent Mead, Kevin Meagher, Sarah Mechbal, Andres Medina, Maximilian Meier, Stephan Meighen-Berger, Yarno Merckx, Jessie Micallef, Daniela Mockler, Teresa Montaruli, Roger Moore, Bob Morse, Marjon Moulai, Tista Mukherjee, Richard Naab, Ryo Nagai, Uwe Naumann, Amid Nayerhoda, Jannis Necker, Miriam Neumann, Hans Niederhausen, Mehr Nisa, Sarah Nowicki, Anna Obertacke Pollmann, Marie Oehler, Bob Oeyen, Alex Olivas, Rasmus Orsoe, Jesse Osborn, Erin O'Sullivan, Hershal Pandya, Daria Pankova, Nahee Park, Grant Parker, Ek Narayan Paudel, Larissa Paul, Carlos Pérez de los Heros, Lilly Peters, Josh Peterson, Saskia Philippen, Sarah Pieper, Alex Pizzuto, Matthias Plum, Yuiry Popovych, Alessio Porcelli, Maria Prado Rodriguez, Brandon Pries, Rachel Procter-Murphy, Gerald Przybylski, Christoph Raab, John Rack-Helleis, Mohamed Rameez, Katherine Rawlins, Zoe Rechav, Abdul Rehman, Patrick Reichherzer, Giovanni Renzi, Elisa Resconi, Simeon Reusch, Wolfgang Rhode, Mike Richman, Benedikt Riedel, Ella Roberts, Sally Robertson, Steven Rodan, Gerrit Roellinghoff, Martin Rongen, Carsten Rott, Tim Ruhe, Li Ruohan, Dirk Ryckbosch, Devyn Rysewyk Cantu, Ibrahim Safa, Julian Saffer, Daniel Salazar-Gallegos, Pranav Sampathkumar, Sebastian Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, Marcos Santander, Sourav Sarkar, Subir Sarkar, Merlin Schaufel, Harald Schieler, Sebastian Schindler, Berit Schlüter, Torsten Schmidt, Judith Schneider, Frank Schröder, Lisa Schumacher, Georg Schwefer, Steve Sclafani, Dave Seckel, Surujhdeo Seunarine, Ankur Sharma, Shefali Shefali, Nobuhiro Shimizu, Manuel Silva, Barbara Skrzypek, Ben Smithers, Robert Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, Andreas Søgaard, Dennis Soldin, Christian Spannfellner, Glenn Spiczak, Christian Spiering, Michael Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, Robert Stein, Thorsten Stezelberger, Timo Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, Greg Sullivan, Ignacio Taboada, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, Will Thompson, Jessie Thwaites, Serap Tilav, Kirsten Tollefson, Christoph Tönnis, Simona Toscano, Delia Tosi, Alexander Trettin, Chun Fai Tung, Roxanne Turcotte, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, Bunheng Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, Karriem Upshaw, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, Justin Vandenbroucke, Nick van Eijndhoven, David Vannerom, Jakob van Santen, Javi Vara, Joshua Veitch-Michaelis, Stef Verpoest, Doga Veske, Christian Walck, Winnie Wang, Timothy Blake Watson, Chris Weaver, Philip Weigel, Andreas Weindl, Jan Weldert, Chris Wendt, Johannes Werthebach, Mark Weyrauch, Nathan Whitehorn, Christopher Wiebusch, Nathan Willey, Dawn Williams, Martin Wolf, Gerrit Wrede, Johan Wulff, Xianwu Xu, Juan Pablo Yanez, Emre Yildizci, Shigeru Yoshida, Shiqi Yu, Tianlu Yuan, Zelong Zhang, and Pavel Zhelnin
The Cryosphere, 18, 75–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-75-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-75-2024, 2024
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The IceCube Neutrino Observatory instruments 1 km3 of deep, glacial ice using 5160 sensors to detect light emitted by elementary particles. An unexpected effect observed is anisotropic light attenuation, aligned with the flow direction of the ice. Curved light trajectories resulting from asymmetric diffusion in the birefringent polycrystalline microstructure of the ice have been identified as the primary cause of this effect. This allows us to deduce ice crystal properties.
Yu Wang, Chen Zhao, Rupert Gladstone, Ben Galton-Fenzi, and Roland Warner
The Cryosphere, 16, 1221–1245, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1221-2022, 2022
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The thermal structure of the Amery Ice Shelf and its spatial pattern are evaluated and analysed through temperature observations from six boreholes and numerical simulations. The simulations demonstrate significant ice warming downstream along the ice flow and a great variation of the thermal structure across the ice flow. We suggest that the thermal structure of the Amery Ice Shelf is unlikely to be affected by current climate changes on decadal timescales.
Alexander Meyer, Dmitry Eliseev, Dirk Heinen, Peter Linder, Franziska Scholz, Lars Steffen Weinstock, Christopher Wiebusch, and Simon Zierke
The Cryosphere, 13, 1381–1394, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1381-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1381-2019, 2019
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The acoustic damping in natural glaciers is a largely unexplored physical property that has relevance for various applications particularly for the exploration of glaciers with probes. We present measurements of the attenuation of sound in situ on the Italian glacier Langenferner. The tested frequency ranges from 2 to 35 kHz. The attenuation length ranges between 13 m for low frequencies and 5 m for high frequencies.
Chao Qi, David J. Prior, Lisa Craw, Sheng Fan, Maria-Gema Llorens, Albert Griera, Marianne Negrini, Paul D. Bons, and David L. Goldsby
The Cryosphere, 13, 351–371, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-351-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-351-2019, 2019
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Ice deformed in nature develops crystallographic preferred orientations, CPOs, which induce an anisotropy in ice viscosity. Shear experiments of ice revealed a transition in CPO with changing temperature/strain, which is due to the change of dominant CPO-formation mechanism: strain-induced grain boundary migration dominates at higher temperatures and lower strains, while lattice rotation dominates at other conditions. Understanding these mechanisms aids the interpretation of CPOs in natural ice.
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Short summary
Ice crystal alignment in the sheared margins of fast-flowing polar ice is important as it may control the ice sheet flow rate, from land to the ocean. Sampling shear margins is difficult because of logistical and safety considerations. We show that crystal alignments in a glacier shear margin in Antarctica can be measured using sound waves. Results from a seismic experiment on the 50 m scale and from ultrasonic experiments on the decimetre scale match ice crystal measurements from an ice core.
Ice crystal alignment in the sheared margins of fast-flowing polar ice is important as it may...
