Articles | Volume 9, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2009-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2009-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Nov 2015
Research article |
| 02 Nov 2015
Elevation change of the Greenland Ice Sheet due to surface mass balance and firn processes, 1960–2014
P. Kuipers Munneke
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
S. R. M. Ligtenberg
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
B. P. Y. Noël
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
I. M. Howat
Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Ohio State University, Ohio, USA
J. E. Box
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
E. Mosley-Thompson
Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Ohio State University, Ohio, USA
Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
J. R. McConnell
Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
K. Steffen
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
J. T. Harper
Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
S. B. Das
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
M. R. van den Broeke
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Cited
75 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Englacial latent-heat transfer has limited influence on seaward ice flux in western Greenland K. POINAR et al. 10.1017/jog.2016.103
- The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2): Science requirements, concept, and implementation T. Markus et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2016.12.029
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- Prototype wireless sensors for monitoring subsurface processes in snow and firn E. BAGSHAW et al. 10.1017/jog.2018.76
- The SUMup dataset: compiled measurements of surface mass balance components over ice sheets and sea ice with analysis over Greenland L. Montgomery et al. 10.5194/essd-10-1959-2018
- Mantle Viscosity Derived From Geoid and Different Land Uplift Data in Greenland M. Bagherbandi et al. 10.1029/2021JB023351
- Accumulation rates (2009–2017) in Southeast Greenland derived from airborne snow radar and comparison with regional climate models L. Montgomery et al. 10.1017/aog.2020.8
- Surface Melting Drives Fluctuations in Airborne Radar Penetration in West Central Greenland I. Otosaka et al. 10.1029/2020GL088293
- Increased variability in Greenland Ice Sheet runoff from satellite observations T. Slater et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-26229-4
- Double ridge formation over shallow water sills on Jupiter’s moon Europa R. Culberg et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-29458-3
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- High-frequency climate variability in the Holocene from a coastal-dome ice core in east-central Greenland A. Hughes et al. 10.5194/cp-16-1369-2020
- More Realistic Intermediate Depth Dry Firn Densification in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) A. Schneider et al. 10.1029/2021MS002542
- A Dynamics of Surface Temperature Forced by Solar Radiation W. Jing & J. Wang 10.1029/2022GL101222
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- Effect of horizontal divergence on estimates of firn-air content A. Horlings et al. 10.1017/jog.2020.105
- Temporal variability in snow accumulation and density at Summit Camp, Greenland ice sheet I. Howat 10.1017/jog.2022.21
- Greenland Ice Sheet Elevation Change: Direct Observation of Process and Attribution at Summit R. Hawley et al. 10.1029/2020GL088864
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- Time‐Domain Reflectometry Measurements and Modeling of Firn Meltwater Infiltration at DYE‐2, Greenland S. Samimi et al. 10.1029/2021JF006295
- The Community Firn Model (CFM) v1.0 C. Stevens et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-4355-2020
- Firn on ice sheets C. Amory et al. 10.1038/s43017-023-00507-9
- Abrupt shift in the observed runoff from the southwestern Greenland ice sheet A. Ahlstrøm et al. 10.1126/sciadv.1701169
- Accelerating Ice Loss From Peripheral Glaciers in North Greenland S. Khan et al. 10.1029/2022GL098915
- Extreme melt season ice layers reduce firn permeability across Greenland R. Culberg et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-22656-5
- Combination of geometric and gravimetric data sets for the estimation of high-resolution mass balances of the Greenland ice sheet M. Graf & R. Pail 10.1093/gji/ggad356
- Time‐Varying Ice Sheet Mask: Implications on Ice‐Sheet Mass Balance and Crustal Uplift K. Kjeldsen et al. 10.1029/2020JF005775
- Spatial Response of Greenland's Firn Layer to NAO Variability M. Brils et al. 10.1029/2023JF007082
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- Calving Induced Speedup of Petermann Glacier M. Rückamp et al. 10.1029/2018JF004775
- Grounding line retreat and tide-modulated ocean channels at Moscow University and Totten Glacier ice shelves, East Antarctica T. Li et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1003-2023
- Recent multivariate changes in the North Atlantic climate system, with a focus on 2005–2016 J. Robson et al. 10.1002/joc.5815
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- An ice sheet model validation framework for the Greenland ice sheet S. Price et al. 10.5194/gmd-10-255-2017
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- Observations and simulations of new snow density in the drifting snow-dominated environment of Antarctica N. Wever et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.102
- ALPS: A Unified Framework for Modeling Time Series of Land Ice Changes P. Shekhar et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2020.3027190
- Modelling lateral meltwater flow and superimposed ice formation atop Greenland's near-surface ice slabs N. Clerx et al. 10.1017/jog.2024.69
- A Snow Density Dataset for Improving Surface Boundary Conditions in Greenland Ice Sheet Firn Modeling R. Fausto et al. 10.3389/feart.2018.00051
- Satellite Remote Sensing of the Greenland Ice Sheet Ablation Zone: A Review M. Cooper & L. Smith 10.3390/rs11202405
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- Characteristics of the 1979–2020 Antarctic firn layer simulated with IMAU-FDM v1.2A S. Veldhuijsen et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1675-2023
- NHM–SMAP: spatially and temporally high-resolution nonhydrostatic atmospheric model coupled with detailed snow process model for Greenland Ice Sheet M. Niwano et al. 10.5194/tc-12-635-2018
- Synergistic Use of Single-Pass Interferometry and Radar Altimetry to Measure Mass Loss of NEGIS Outlet Glaciers between 2011 and 2014 L. Krieger et al. 10.3390/rs12060996
- Evaluating Greenland surface-mass-balance and firn-densification data using ICESat-2 altimetry B. Smith et al. 10.5194/tc-17-789-2023
- High-resolution mascon solutions reveal glacier-scale mass changes over the Greenland Ice Sheet from 2002 to 2022 W. Wang et al. 10.1093/gji/ggad439
- Geodetic measurements reveal short-term changes of glacial mass near Jakobshavn Isbræ (Greenland) from 2007 to 2017 B. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.09.029
- A high‐resolution record of Greenland mass balance M. McMillan et al. 10.1002/2016GL069666
- Development of physically based liquid water schemes for Greenland firn-densification models V. Verjans et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1819-2019
- Characteristics of the modelled meteoric freshwater budget of the western Antarctic Peninsula J. van Wessem et al. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.11.001
- Pervasive ice sheet mass loss reflects competing ocean and atmosphere processes B. Smith et al. 10.1126/science.aaz5845
71 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Mass Balances of the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets Monitored from Space I. Otosaka et al. 10.1007/s10712-023-09795-8
- Uncertainty in East Antarctic Firn Thickness Constrained Using a Model Ensemble Approach V. Verjans et al. 10.1029/2020GL092060
- The modelled liquid water balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet C. Steger et al. 10.5194/tc-11-2507-2017
- Short- and long-term variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets E. Hanna et al. 10.1038/s43017-023-00509-7
- A modeling study of the effect of runoff variability on the effective pressure beneath Russell Glacier, West Greenland B. de Fleurian et al. 10.1002/2016JF003842
- The Greenland Firn Compaction Verification and Reconnaissance (FirnCover) dataset, 2013–2019 M. MacFerrin et al. 10.5194/essd-14-955-2022
- The firn meltwater Retention Model Intercomparison Project (RetMIP): evaluation of nine firn models at four weather station sites on the Greenland ice sheet B. Vandecrux et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3785-2020
- Englacial latent-heat transfer has limited influence on seaward ice flux in western Greenland K. POINAR et al. 10.1017/jog.2016.103
- The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2): Science requirements, concept, and implementation T. Markus et al. 10.1016/j.rse.2016.12.029
- Impacts of differing melt regimes on satellite radar waveforms and elevation retrievals A. Ronan et al. 10.5194/tc-18-5673-2024
- Prototype wireless sensors for monitoring subsurface processes in snow and firn E. BAGSHAW et al. 10.1017/jog.2018.76
- The SUMup dataset: compiled measurements of surface mass balance components over ice sheets and sea ice with analysis over Greenland L. Montgomery et al. 10.5194/essd-10-1959-2018
- Mantle Viscosity Derived From Geoid and Different Land Uplift Data in Greenland M. Bagherbandi et al. 10.1029/2021JB023351
- Accumulation rates (2009–2017) in Southeast Greenland derived from airborne snow radar and comparison with regional climate models L. Montgomery et al. 10.1017/aog.2020.8
- Surface Melting Drives Fluctuations in Airborne Radar Penetration in West Central Greenland I. Otosaka et al. 10.1029/2020GL088293
- Increased variability in Greenland Ice Sheet runoff from satellite observations T. Slater et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-26229-4
- Double ridge formation over shallow water sills on Jupiter’s moon Europa R. Culberg et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-29458-3
- Modelling the climate and surface mass balance of polar ice sheets using RACMO2 – Part 2: Antarctica (1979–2016) J. van Wessem et al. 10.5194/tc-12-1479-2018
- How well can satellite altimetry and firn models resolve Antarctic firn thickness variations? M. Kappelsberger et al. 10.5194/tc-18-4355-2024
- High-frequency climate variability in the Holocene from a coastal-dome ice core in east-central Greenland A. Hughes et al. 10.5194/cp-16-1369-2020
- More Realistic Intermediate Depth Dry Firn Densification in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) A. Schneider et al. 10.1029/2021MS002542
- A Dynamics of Surface Temperature Forced by Solar Radiation W. Jing & J. Wang 10.1029/2022GL101222
- Bayesian calibration of firn densification models V. Verjans et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3017-2020
- Observing and Modeling Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance J. Lenaerts et al. 10.1029/2018RG000622
- Review of the current polar ice sheet surface mass balance and its modelling: the 2020 summer edition M. NIWANO et al. 10.5331/seppyo.83.1_27
- Evaluating a Regional Climate Model Simulation of Greenland Ice Sheet Snow and Firn Density for Improved Surface Mass Balance Estimates P. Alexander et al. 10.1029/2019GL084101
- On the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea level change M. van den Broeke et al. 10.5194/tc-10-1933-2016
- Polar firn properties in Greenland and Antarctica and related effects on microwave brightness temperatures H. Xu et al. 10.5194/tc-17-2793-2023
- Physics-based SNOWPACK model improves representation of near-surface Antarctic snow and firn density E. Keenan et al. 10.5194/tc-15-1065-2021
- Firn data compilation reveals widespread decrease of firn air content in western Greenland B. Vandecrux et al. 10.5194/tc-13-845-2019
- Firn Meltwater Retention on the Greenland Ice Sheet: A Model Comparison C. Steger et al. 10.3389/feart.2017.00003
- Effect of horizontal divergence on estimates of firn-air content A. Horlings et al. 10.1017/jog.2020.105
- Temporal variability in snow accumulation and density at Summit Camp, Greenland ice sheet I. Howat 10.1017/jog.2022.21
- Greenland Ice Sheet Elevation Change: Direct Observation of Process and Attribution at Summit R. Hawley et al. 10.1029/2020GL088864
- Greenland Mass Trends From Airborne and Satellite Altimetry During 2011–2020 S. Khan et al. 10.1029/2021JF006505
- GENESIS: co-location of geodetic techniques in space P. Delva et al. 10.1186/s40623-022-01752-w
- Time‐Domain Reflectometry Measurements and Modeling of Firn Meltwater Infiltration at DYE‐2, Greenland S. Samimi et al. 10.1029/2021JF006295
- The Community Firn Model (CFM) v1.0 C. Stevens et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-4355-2020
- Firn on ice sheets C. Amory et al. 10.1038/s43017-023-00507-9
- Abrupt shift in the observed runoff from the southwestern Greenland ice sheet A. Ahlstrøm et al. 10.1126/sciadv.1701169
- Accelerating Ice Loss From Peripheral Glaciers in North Greenland S. Khan et al. 10.1029/2022GL098915
- Extreme melt season ice layers reduce firn permeability across Greenland R. Culberg et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-22656-5
- Combination of geometric and gravimetric data sets for the estimation of high-resolution mass balances of the Greenland ice sheet M. Graf & R. Pail 10.1093/gji/ggad356
- Time‐Varying Ice Sheet Mask: Implications on Ice‐Sheet Mass Balance and Crustal Uplift K. Kjeldsen et al. 10.1029/2020JF005775
- Spatial Response of Greenland's Firn Layer to NAO Variability M. Brils et al. 10.1029/2023JF007082
- Firn Model Intercomparison Experiment (FirnMICE) J. LUNDIN et al. 10.1017/jog.2016.114
- Modeling Dry-Snow Densification without Abrupt Transition E. Morris 10.3390/geosciences8120464
- Glacier Energy and Mass Balance (GEMB): a model of firn processes for cryosphere research A. Gardner et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-2277-2023
- Geodetic measurements reveal similarities between post–Last Glacial Maximum and present-day mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet S. Khan et al. 10.1126/sciadv.1600931
- Improving the Representation of Polar Snow and Firn in the Community Earth System Model L. van Kampenhout et al. 10.1002/2017MS000988
- Calving Induced Speedup of Petermann Glacier M. Rückamp et al. 10.1029/2018JF004775
- Grounding line retreat and tide-modulated ocean channels at Moscow University and Totten Glacier ice shelves, East Antarctica T. Li et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1003-2023
- Recent multivariate changes in the North Atlantic climate system, with a focus on 2005–2016 J. Robson et al. 10.1002/joc.5815
- The Antarctic Ice Core Chronology 2023 (AICC2023) chronological framework and associated timescale for the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C ice core M. Bouchet et al. 10.5194/cp-19-2257-2023
- An ice sheet model validation framework for the Greenland ice sheet S. Price et al. 10.5194/gmd-10-255-2017
- Brief communication: Improved simulation of the present-day Greenland firn layer (1960–2016) S. Ligtenberg et al. 10.5194/tc-12-1643-2018
- Observations and simulations of new snow density in the drifting snow-dominated environment of Antarctica N. Wever et al. 10.1017/jog.2022.102
- ALPS: A Unified Framework for Modeling Time Series of Land Ice Changes P. Shekhar et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2020.3027190
- Modelling lateral meltwater flow and superimposed ice formation atop Greenland's near-surface ice slabs N. Clerx et al. 10.1017/jog.2024.69
- A Snow Density Dataset for Improving Surface Boundary Conditions in Greenland Ice Sheet Firn Modeling R. Fausto et al. 10.3389/feart.2018.00051
- Satellite Remote Sensing of the Greenland Ice Sheet Ablation Zone: A Review M. Cooper & L. Smith 10.3390/rs11202405
- Pervasive ice sheet mass loss reflects competing ocean and atmosphere processes B. Smith et al. 10.1126/science.aaz5845
- Simulations of firn processes over the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets: 1980–2021 B. Medley et al. 10.5194/tc-16-3971-2022
- An evaluation of a physics-based firn model and a semi-empirical firn model across the Greenland Ice Sheet (1980–2020) M. Thompson-Munson et al. 10.5194/tc-17-2185-2023
- Improved representation of the contemporary Greenland ice sheet firn layer by IMAU-FDM v1.2G M. Brils et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-7121-2022
- Characteristics of the 1979–2020 Antarctic firn layer simulated with IMAU-FDM v1.2A S. Veldhuijsen et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1675-2023
- NHM–SMAP: spatially and temporally high-resolution nonhydrostatic atmospheric model coupled with detailed snow process model for Greenland Ice Sheet M. Niwano et al. 10.5194/tc-12-635-2018
- Synergistic Use of Single-Pass Interferometry and Radar Altimetry to Measure Mass Loss of NEGIS Outlet Glaciers between 2011 and 2014 L. Krieger et al. 10.3390/rs12060996
- Evaluating Greenland surface-mass-balance and firn-densification data using ICESat-2 altimetry B. Smith et al. 10.5194/tc-17-789-2023
- High-resolution mascon solutions reveal glacier-scale mass changes over the Greenland Ice Sheet from 2002 to 2022 W. Wang et al. 10.1093/gji/ggad439
- Geodetic measurements reveal short-term changes of glacial mass near Jakobshavn Isbræ (Greenland) from 2007 to 2017 B. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.09.029
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A high‐resolution record of Greenland mass balance M. McMillan et al. 10.1002/2016GL069666
- Development of physically based liquid water schemes for Greenland firn-densification models V. Verjans et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1819-2019
- Characteristics of the modelled meteoric freshwater budget of the western Antarctic Peninsula J. van Wessem et al. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.11.001
- Pervasive ice sheet mass loss reflects competing ocean and atmosphere processes B. Smith et al. 10.1126/science.aaz5845
Saved (final revised paper)
Saved (preprint)
Latest update: 26 Dec 2024
Short summary
The snow layer on top of the Greenland Ice Sheet is changing: it is thickening in the high and cold interior due to increased snowfall, while it is thinning around the margins. The marginal thinning is caused by compaction, and by more melt.
This knowledge is important: there are satellites that measure volume change of the ice sheet. It can be caused by increased ice discharge, or by compaction of the snow layer. Here, we quantify the latter, so that we can translate volume to mass change.
The snow layer on top of the Greenland Ice Sheet is changing: it is thickening in the high and...
