The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-757-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-757-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
Research article
 | 
29 Jan 2026
Research article |  | 29 Jan 2026

Approximating 3D bedrock deformation in an Antarctic ice-sheet model for projections

Caroline J. van Calcar, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Roderik S. W. van de Wal, and Wouter van der Wal

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Short summary
The bedrock deformation in response to a melting ice sheet provides significant negative feedback on Antarctic ice mass loss in the next 500 years. Current ice sheet models often use computationally fast but simplified Earth models. Our results show that projections of the Antarctic Ice Sheet contribution to sea-level rise using an ice sheet - 3D GIA (glacial isostatic adjustment) model can be approximated using a laterally varying ELRA (elastic lithosphere, relaxed asthenosphere) model or a 1D GIA model when the recommended parameters are used.
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Improving the contribution of the land cryosphere to sea level...