The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-551-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-551-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 20, issue 1
Research article
 | 
22 Jan 2026
Research article |  | 22 Jan 2026

Dynamics of snow and glacier cover in the Upper Karnali Basin, Nepal: an analysis of its relationship with climatic and topographic parameters

Motilal Ghimire, Dibas Shrestha, Raju Chauhan, Amrit Thapa, Til Prasad Pangali Sharma, Krishna Prasad Sharma, Sher Bahadur Gurung, Sundar Devkota, Prabin Bhandari, Sikesh Koirala, Yanhong Wu, Niroj Timalsina, and Jeevan Kutu

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Short summary
In the Upper Karnali Basin, a critical water source for millions of people, snow and glaciers are shrinking, and snowlines have shifted as temperatures rise over the last two decades. Snow and glacier decline has threatened water supplies for farming, drinking, and hydropower. This study shows how climate change is reshaping the region’s frozen landscapes, risking water security for communities downstream. Protecting these icy reservoirs is vital to safeguarding lives and ecosystems.
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Improving the contribution of the land cryosphere to sea level...