The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 20, issue 8
Articles | Volume 20, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4401-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-4401-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 20, issue 8
Research article
 | 
13 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 13 Aug 2026

Experimental investigation of the direct shear strength parameters of compacted snow

Haifeng Huo, Hui Xu, Jixiu Wu, Tao Li, Jingjin Liu, Enzhao Xiao, and Xueyuan Tang

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Short summary
Through a series of direct shear tests, this study analyzes the variation of shear strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) in compacted snow under different conditions of density, sintering time, and temperature. A Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation neural network model was subsequently developed to establish systematic benchmark values for these parameters. This work provides essential data and a predictive framework for the reliable design of snow structures in cold regions.
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