The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
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Articles | Volume 20, issue 5
Articles | Volume 20, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2681-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-2681-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 20, issue 5
Research article
 | 
08 May 2026
Research article |  | 08 May 2026

Ensemble numerical simulation of permafrost thermal regimes over the Tibetan Plateau using the Flexible Permafrost Model: 1950–2023

Wen Sun and Bin Cao

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Short summary
Understanding the dynamics of permafrost heavily relies on process-based simulations. In this study, we introduce a new model specifically designed for permafrost applications, the Flexible Permafrost Model (FPM). This model serves as an adaptable framework for implementing innovative permafrost-related physics. Long-term ensemble simulations indicate that the permafrost temperature increased at a rate of 0.11 °C dec-1 since 1980 with a decreased area of ∼12.4 % over the Tibetan Plateau.
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