Articles | Volume 20, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1895-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Apr 2026
Research article |
| 02 Apr 2026
| 02 Apr 2026
DCG-MIP: the Debris-Covered Glacier melt Model Intercomparison exPeriment
Francesca Pellicciotti
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
formerly at: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Adrià Fontrodona-Bach
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
formerly at: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
David R. Rounce
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Catriona L. Fyffe
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
formerly at: School of Geography and Natural Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
Leif S. Anderson
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Álvaro Ayala
Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
Ben W. Brock
School of Geography and Natural Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
Pascal Buri
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
formerly at: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Stefan Fugger
Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
formerly at: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Koji Fujita
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Prateek Gantayat
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
formerly at: Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
Alexander R. Groos
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Walter Immerzeel
Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Marin Kneib
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Christoph Mayer
Geodesy and Glaciology, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich, Germany
Shelley MacDonell
Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
Waterways Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Michael McCarthy
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
James McPhee
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
Advanced Mining Technology Center, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
Evan Miles
Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Glaciology and Geomorphodynamics Group, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Heather Purdie
School of Earth & Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Ekaterina Rets
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Akiko Sakai
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Thomas E. Shaw
Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
Jakob Steiner
Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Himalayan University Consortium, Lalitpur, Nepal
Institute of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Patrick Wagnon
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IGE, Grenoble, France
Alex Winter-Billington
Te Puna Pātiotio Antarctic Research Centre, Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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Short summary
Rock debris covers many of the world glaciers, modifying the transfer of atmospheric energy to the debris and into the ice. Models of different complexity simulate this process, and we compare 15 models at 9 sites to show that the most complex models at the debris-atmosphere interface have the highest performance. However, we lack debris properties and their derivation from measurements is ambiguous, hindering global modelling and calling for both model development and data collection.
Rock debris covers many of the world glaciers, modifying the transfer of atmospheric energy to...
