The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
TC
Articles | Volume 20, issue 2
Articles | Volume 20, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1139-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1139-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 20, issue 2
Research article
 | 
12 Feb 2026
Research article |  | 12 Feb 2026

Hysteresis of the Greenland ice sheet from the Last Glacial Maximum to the future

Lucía Gutiérrez-González, Alexander Robinson, Jorge Alvarez-Solas, Ilaria Tabone, Jan Swierczek-Jereczek, Daniel Moreno-Parada, and Marisa Montoya

Data sets

Hysteresis of the Greenland ice sheet from the Last Glacial Maximum to the future: datasets with the simulations L. Gutiérrez-González https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15553373

Model code and software

REMBO A. Robinson et al. https://github.com/palma-ice/rembo

Yelmo ice sheet model A. Robinson et al. https://github.com/palma-ice/yelmo

FastIsostasy regional GIA model code base J. Swierczek-Jereczek et al. https://github.com/palma-ice/FastIsostasy

Video supplement

Hysteresis of the Greenland ice sheet from the Last Glacial Maximum to the future: video of a quasi-equilibrium simulation Lucía Gutiérrez-González https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15546141

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Short summary
The Greenland ice sheet is considered a tipping element: if temperatures exceed its threshold, it would transition to a virtually ice-free state and the ice losses could be irreversible on very long timescales. We study its stability across the full range of glacial-interglacial temperatures, as well as those expected in coming centuries. We find a future critical threshold between 1.5-2ºC of global warming, another under colder climates, and persistent hysteresis across the full range of study.
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