The Cryosphere
The Cryosphere
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Articles | Volume 20, issue 2
Articles | Volume 20, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1047-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-20-1047-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 20, issue 2
Research article
 | 
11 Feb 2026
Research article |  | 11 Feb 2026

Stabilizing feedbacks allow for multiple states of the Greenland Ice Sheet in a fully coupled Earth System – Ice Sheet Model

Malena Andernach, Marie-Luise Kapsch, and Uwe Mikolajewicz

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Short summary
Using a fully-coupled climate-ice sheet model, we find that the Greenland Ice Sheet has at least four steady states under pre-industrial CO2 concentrations, which are stabilized by several climate-ice sheet feedbacks. We also show that interactions with the Antarctic Ice Sheet impact the timing of some state transitions. The multistability implies that once a certain volume threshold is passed, the mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet would be irreversible under subsequently reduced CO2 levels.
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